References
- Hibbs Jr JB, Taintor RR, Vavrin Z, Rachlin EM. 1998. Nitric oxide: a cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157: 87-94.
- Di Renzo L, Yefenof E, Klein E. 1991. The function of human NK cells is enhanced by beta-glucan, a ligand of CR3 (CD11b/CD18). Eur J Immunol 21: 1755-1758. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830210726
- Chihara G, Hamuro J, Maeda YY, Shiio T, Suga T, Takasuka N, Sasaki T. 1987. Antitumor and metastasis-inhibitory activities of lentinan as an immunomodulator: an overview. Cancer Detect Prev Suppl 1: 423-443.
- Denis M. 1991. Tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte macrophage- colony stimulating factor stimulate human macrophages to restrict growth of virulent Mycobacterium avium and to kill avirulent M. avium: Killing effector mechanism depends on the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates. J Leucocyte Biol 49: 380-387.
- Chihara G, Hamuro H, Maeda Y, Arai Y, Fukuoka K. 1970. Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan from Lentinus edodes. Cancer Res 30: 2776-2781.
- Wang HX, NG TB, Liu WK, Ooi VE, Chang ST. 1996. Polysaccharide-peptide complexes from the cultured mycelia of the mushroom Coriolus versicolor and their culture medium activate mouse lymphocytes and macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28: 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/1357-2725(95)00157-3
- Miyazaki T, Nishijima M. 1981. Studies on fungal polysaccharides (X X VII), structural examination of a water-soluble, antitumor polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum. Chem Pharm Bull 29: 3611-3616. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.29.3611
- Lee JW, Bang KW, Seo BI, Lee ES. 2003. Pharmacological activities of the polysaccharide obtained from the fruit body and mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum IY005. Kor J Herbology 18: 149-156.
- Lee JW, Baek SJ, Bang KW, Kang SW, Kang SM, Kim BY, Ha IS. 2000. Biological activities of polysaccharide extracted from the fruit body and cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus IY001. Korean J Food Sci Technol 32: 726-735.
- Ikegawa T, Nakanishi M, Uehara N, Chihara G, Fukuoka F. 1968. Antitumor action of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus. Gann 59: 155-157.
- Ohno N, Suzuki I, Oikawa S, Sato K, Miyazaki T, Yadomae T. 1984. Antitumor activity and structure characterization of glucans, extracted from cultured fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa. Chem Pharm Bull 32: 1142-1151. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.1142
- Tsukagoshi S, Ophashi F. 1974. Protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, PS-K, effective against mouse sarcoma 180 and rat ascites hepatoma AH-13 by oral use. Japan J Cancer Res 65: 557-560.
- Komatsu N, Okubo S, Kikumoto S, Kimura K, Saito G. 1969. Host-mediated antitumor action of schizophyllan, a glucan produced by Schizophyllum commune. Gann 60:137-145.
- Li G, Kim DH, Kim TD, Park BJ, Park HD, Park JI, Na MK, Kim HC, Hong ND, Lim K, Hwang BD, Yoon WH. 2004. Protein-bound polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in SW480 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 216: 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.014
- Franz G. 1989. Polysaccharides in pharmacy: current applications and future concepts. Planta Med 55: 493-497. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962078
- Lee JW, Kim YS. 2009. Characteristics of polysaccharide extracted from the cultured mycelia of Schizophyllum commune. Kor J Mycol 37: 91-95. https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2009.37.1.091
- Park WH, Lee HD. 1996. Wild fungi of Korea in color. Kyohak Publishing Co, Seoul, Korea. p 52.
- Song MH, Bae JT, Kho HJ, Jang YM, Lee JD, Lee GS, Pyo HB. 2011. Anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory of fermented Citrus unshiu peel extract by using Schizophyllum commune. J Soc Cosmet Scientists Korea 37: 351-356.
- Yamada H, Kiyohara H, Cyong JC, Kojima Y, Kumazawa Y, Otsuka Y. 1984. Studies on polysaccharides from Angelica acutiloba. Part 1. Fractionation and biological properties of polysaccharides. Planta Med 50: 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969661
- Ding AJ, Nathan CF, Stuehr DJ. 1988. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production. J Immunol 144: 2407-2413.
- Kiso Y, Tohkin M, Hikino H, Hattory M, Sakamoto T, Namba T. 1884. Mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of glycyrrhizin, I: Effect on free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 50: 298-303.
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
- Aruoma OI. 1994. Deoxyribose assay for detecting hydroxyl radicals. In Methods in Enzymology. Packer L, ed. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Vol 233, p 57-66.
- Ishihara Y, Oka M, Tsunakawa M, Yomita K, Hatori M, Yamamoto H, Kamei H, Miyaki T, Konishi M, Oki T. 1991. Melanostatin, a new melanin synthesis inhibitor. Production, isolation, chemical properties, structure and biological activity. J Antibiotics 44: 25-32. https://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.44.25
- Shimura A, Ito H, Hibasami H. 1983. Screening of hostmediated antitumor polysaccharides by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using fresh human serum. Jpn J Pharmacol 33: 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.33.403
- Okuda T, Yoshioka Y, Ikekawa T, Chihara G, Nishioka K. 1972. Anticomplementary activity of antitumor polysaccharides. Nature New Biol 238: 59-60.
- Buchner RB, Hugli TE, Ember JA, Morgan EL. 1995. Expression of functional receptors for human C5a anaphylatoxin(CD88) on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Stimulation of acute-phase protein-specific mRNA and protein synthesis by human C5a anaphylatoxin. J Immunol 155: 308-315.
- Bendtzen K. 1988. Interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in infection, inflammation and immunity. Immunol Lett 19: 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2478(88)90141-1
- Lee JW, Kim KN, Jeong H, Lee SY, Kang SM. 1996. Effect of G009 on lipid peroxidation induced by peroxidizer in rats. J Appl Pharmacol 4: 244-250.
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. 1991. Free radicals in biology and medicine in measurement of lipid peroxidation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. p 224-234.
- Takebayashi J, Ishii R, Chen J, Matsumoto T, Ishimi Y, Tai A. 2010. Reassessment of antioxidant activity of arbutin: multifaceted evaluation using five antioxidant assay systems. Free Radic Res 44: 473-478. https://doi.org/10.3109/10715761003610760
- Choi H, Kim K, Han J, Choi H, Jin SH, Lee EK, Shin DW, Lee TR, Lee AY, Noh M. 2012. Kojic acid-induced IL-6 production in human keratinocytes plays a role in its anti-melanogenic activity in skin. J Dermatol Sci 66: 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.03.002
- Lee JS, Shin DB, Lee SM, Kim SH, Lee TS, Jung DC. 2013. Melanogenesis inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Phellinus baumii methanol extracts. Korean J Mycol 41: 104-111. https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2013.41.2.104
- Kuk MH, Kim DH, Lee C, Jung ES, Choi EJ, Lee JS, Lee TS. 2013. Antioxidant and skin whitening effects of Inonotus obliquus methanol extract. J Mushroom Sci Prod 11:99-106.
- Choi WS, Kwon HS, Lim HW, No RH, Lee HY. 2013. Whitening effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus associated with its antioxidative activities. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 41: 183-189. https://doi.org/10.4014/kjmb.1302.02006
- Ramasamy P, Vino AB, Saravanan R, Subhapradha N, Shanmugam V, Shanmugam A. 2011. Screening of antimicrobial potential of polysaccharide from cuttlebone and methanolic extract from body tissue of Sepia prashadi Winkworth, 1936. Asian Pacific J Tropical Biomedicine 1:S244-S248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60163-9
- Jayakumar GC, Kanth SV, Chandrasekaran B, Raghava Rao J, Nair BU. 2010. Preparation and antimicrobial activity of scleraldehyde from Schizophyllum commune. Carbohydr Res 345: 2213-2219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2010.07.041
- Kim MK, Hong EK. 2006. Effects of polysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune on burn and wound healing. Korean Chem Eng Res 44: 87-91.
- Oh HS, Lee YS, Kim HH, Lee KP. 2001. Formulation and skin permeation characteristics of ketoprofen patches. Yakhak Hoeji 45: 506-512.