• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

항산화 효과가 화인된 붉나무 에탄올 조추출물 및 용매별 분획물에 ascorbic acid, citric acid, tocopherol, phosphoric acid, lecithin, phytic acid 등을 혼합, 괌유, 돈지, 대두유에 넣어 산화방지 효과를 Rancimat test에 의하여 비교하였다. 팜유에 붉나무 조추출물과 인산을 각각 200ppm 첨가시, 유도기간은 무첨가구에 비해 2.89배 증가했으며. 붉나무 추출물의 ethyl acetate 분획물 200ppm과 인산 200ppm을 첨가했을 때 유도기간은 4.18배, 같은 조건에서 chloroform 분획물은 2.48배의 유도기간 연장 효과가 있었다. 돈지의 경우 chloroform 분획물 600 ppm과 ${\delta}-Tocopherol\;200ppm$을 첨가한 경우 13.41배의 산화지연 효과를 나타내었다. 붉나무 분획물과 synergist를 팜유와 돈지에 각각 200ppm색 첨가하여 $60^{\circ}C$에 저장하연서 POV, AV 및 TBA가를 측정한 결과, 팜유의 경우 저장 27일후 무첨가구의 과산화물가는 98.3meq/kg인데 비해 ethyl acetate, chloroform 분획물에 인산을 첨가한 처리구의 과산화물가는 각각 8.9meq/kg, 9.14meq/kg으로 과산화물의 생성을 현저하게 억제 하였으며, 이에따라 산가와 TBA 가도 무첨가구 보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 돈지에서의 과산화물가는 무첨가구가 161.1 meq/kg인데 비해 ethyl acetate, chloroform 분획물에 tocopherol을 첨가한 처리구는 각각 20.0meq/kg, 10.7meq/kg으로 과산화물의 생성을 크게 억제하는 현상을 보였으며, 산가나 TBA 가도 무첨가구보다 훨씬 낮아 팜유에서와 같은 경향을 나타내었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2002

Saururus chinensis Baill has been used in Korean folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as edema, Jaundice, and furuncle. The components of this plant were extracted into four fraction. Among the four fraction, hexane and ethyl acetate fraction were highly toxic to 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast and Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage, but n-butanol and residue fraction did not show any toxic effect to those cell lines. n-Butanol and residue fraction exhibited antioxidant effects on hydro-gen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion directly in vitro and in the 3T3 fibroblasts. All the four fractions inhibited lipid peroxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation. In addition, n-butanol and residue fraction showed inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production, and also down-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription 6 h after LPS stimulation in Raw 204.7 cells. Only n-butanol fraction, which mainly consists of flavonoids, inhibited NF-kB activation by decreasing IkBa degradation 90 min after LPS stimulation. horn the results, it is suggested that this plant could be a good candidate material for drug development based on its antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory constituents.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2009

Antioxidant activities of the extract of red seaweed, Polysiphonia morrowii, were evaluated using several in vitro assay systems. Activity-guided fractionation revealed that the 90% MeOH fraction of the P. morrowii extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, and that this fraction had a high total phenolic content ($135.7{\pm}5.0\;mg$ gallic acid/g extract). Therefore, the antioxidant activities of the 90% MeOH fraction against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, reducing power, ferrous chelating, and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The results revealed that the antioxidant activities of the 90% MeOH fraction were similar and/or superior to that of commercial antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, the ability of the 90% MeOH fraction to inhibit oxidative damage to DNA was assessed by measuring the conversion of the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA to the open circular form. The 90% MeOH fraction was found to significantly protect this hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 90% MeOH fraction of P. morrowii extract and/or its constituents has the potential for use as a new bioresource of antioxidants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2007

Ethanolic extract (50% v/v) and alkaloid fraction of Tylophora indica leaves were examined for lysosomal enzyme inhibitory activity in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The alkaloid fraction showed statistically significant inhibition of arthritic lesions (p < 0.05) from day 18, (p < 0.025) from day 20 and (p < 0.001) from day 21 onwards in the adjuvant-induced arthritis, which was comparable to the response of standard drug Indomethacin. The ethanolic extract was less significant than the alkaloidal fraction in inhibition of arthritis. Alkaloid fraction showed significant (p < 0.001) inhibitory effect on the lysosomal enzyme activities in adjuvantinduced arthritic rats. It also significantly prevented decrease in collagen levels and synovial damage observed during arthritis and also inhibited increase in urinary excretion levels of collagen degradation products like hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, etc. Both ethanolic extract as well as the alkaloid fraction, however, did not show any significant activity in normal nonarthritic rats. The ethanolic extract and the alkaloid fraction may thus be able to inhibit the progress of inflammation and inhibit the destructive activity of lysosomal enzymes on structural macromolecules like collagen etc. in the synovial capsule in joints during arthritic states. They may thus prevent synovial damage observed during arthritis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 그라비올라(Annona muricata) 잎으로부터 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획을 제조하였고 이들 추출물/분획에 대하여 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 1,1-Phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 시험법을 이용한 자유라디칼 소거 활성, 루미놀 발광법을 이용한 총 항산화능 및 $^1O_2$ 소광 효과를 평가하였다. 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획의 라디칼 소거 활성($FSC_{50}$)은 각각 45.6, 29.8 및 $18.0{\mu}g/mL$이었고, 총 항산화능($OSC_{50}$)은 4.4, 1.1 및 $2.8{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 에틸아세테이트 분획의 총 항산화능은 수용성 항산화제로 잘 알려진 L-ascorbic acid ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$)보다 높은 항산화능을 나타내었다. $^1O_2$ 소광 상수 실험 결과, 에틸아세테이트 및 아글리콘 분획은 비교물질로 사용된 L-ascorbic acid와 유사한 활성을 보여주었다. $^1O_2$으로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서, 그라비올라 잎 50% 에탄올 추출물은 농도 의존적($5-50{\mu}g/mL$)으로 세포보호 활성을 나타내었다. 실험에 사용된 그라비올라 잎 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획과 아글리콘 분획에 대하여 TLC 및 HPLC를 이용한 성분 분석을 수행하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획에서는 rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside, nicotiflorin (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), p-coumaric acid을 확인하였다. 아글리콘 분획에서는 kaempferol이 존재함을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들은 그라비올라 잎 추출물이 항산화 화장품 원료로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 라벤더 70% 에탄올 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 활성과 세포보호효과를 조사하였다. 자유라디칼(1,1-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거 활성($FSC_{50}$)은 라벤더 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 및 아글리콘 분획에서 각각 46.6, 45.5 및 $477.5{\mu}g/mL$를 나타냈다. $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$계에서의 총항산화능($OSC_{50}$)은 라벤더 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 및 아글리콘분획에서 각각 8.1, 3.3 및 $17.6{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, L-ascorbic acid의 $OSC_{50}$ ($1.5{\mu}g/mL$)보다 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. $^1O_2$으로 유도된 적혈구 광용혈 실험에서 아글리콘 분획은 매우 큰 세포보호활성을 나타냈다. $50{\mu}M$ 농도에서 라벤더 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 및 아글리콘 분획의 세포보호효과(${\tau}_{50}$)가 70.6, 87.2 및 165.2 min으로 나타났다. 특히, 라벤더 아글리콘 분획은(+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol 보다 3.8배 높은 세포보호효과를 나타냈다. TLC 및 LC-MS를 이용하여 라벤더 분획의 성분(luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, vitextin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, apigenin)을 확인하였으며, 아글리콘 분획은 에틸아세테이트 분획에 비해 주요 플라보노이드(luteolin, apigenin)는 크게 증가하지 않았다. 결론적으로 라벤더가 화장품의 항산화 소재로써 응용 가능함을 시사한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1974

한국산의 대두를 $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$의 암소(暗所)에서 10일동안 발아(發芽)시키면서 2일 간격으로 두아(豆芽)를 채취하여 자엽부(子葉部)와 배축부(胚軸部)의 2부분으로 분리한 후 이 두 lipoxygenase activity와 triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid 및 조지방(粗脂肪)의 구성지방산의 변화를 각각 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)의 lipoxygenase activity는 2일 후부터 급속히 감소하였으나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 2일 후부터 서서히 증가하였다. 이와같은 lipoxygenase activity의 변화는 자엽부(子葉部)에서 linoleic 및 linolenic acid의 감소경향과 배축부(胚軸部)에서 이들 지 방산의 증가경향과 동일하였다. (2) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)에서 추출한 triglyceride fraction의 요오드값은 계속 감소 하였으나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 큰 변화없이 일정하였으며 배축부(胚軸部)의 요오드값은 자엽부(子葉部)의 것보다 낮았다. (3) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部)의 triglyceride의 구성지방산중 palmitic acid의 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으며 stearic acid는 계속 증가하였고 oleic acid는 증감의 변화가 불규칙적이며 linoleic 및 linolenic acid는 계속 감소하였다. 그러나 배축부(胚軸部)에서는 palmitic acid의 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으며 linoleic 및 linolenie acid의 함량은 계속 약간씩 증가하였고 stearic 및 oleic acid는 불규칙적으로 함량의 변화가 심하였다. (4) 발아중 자엽부(子葉部) 및 배축부(胚軸部)에서 추출한 free fatty acid fraction의 모든 구성지방산은 불규칙하게 그 증감의 변화가 심하였다. 이와같은 현상은 lipase의 분해로 생성된 각종 지방산은 생합성(生合成)과정이나 에너지 발생과정에 무작위(無作爲)하게 이용되기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. (5) 발아증 기수(奇數)탄소수의 지방산은 전혀 발견되지 않았는바 이는 대두발아중 지방산은 $C_2$-unit로 분해 및 이용되기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. (6) 자엽부(子葉部) 및 배축부(胚軸部)에서 추출한 phospholipid 및 배축부(胚軸部)의 모든 구성지방산의 변화는 triglyceride fraction의 지방산의 변화경향과 비슷하었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.438-445
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• 2016

Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities of four fractions and the CRE total extract. Only the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction revealed strong activity, and further isolation from the bioactive EA fraction yielded nine constituents: scirpusin A (1), scirpusin B (2), luteolin (3), 6'-acetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (4), 4',6' diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), pinellic acid (8), and fulgidic acid (9). The activities of constituents 1-9 were assessed in terms of anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid-${\beta}$ activities. Constituents 1, 2, and 3 exhibited strong activities; constituents 1 and 2 were characterized for the first time in this study. These results provide evidence for the value of CRE as a source of multi-functional neuroprotectants, and constituents 1 and 2 may represent new candidates for further development in therapeutic use against neurodegenerative diseases.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Biosynthetic activities of nucleic acids, protein and phospholipid in chlorella cells, which were growing in a microelement deficient medium were compared with those of the normal cells by measuring the contents of phosphate, amino acids or UV-absorbing substances in the various cell fractions. When the algae were grown in a molybdenum-free medium, the amounts of phosphate in the acid-soluble fraction of the cells increased, whereas the amounts of alkali-stable protein and RNA decreased compared with the normal cells showing that the synthesis of protein and RNA from the early products of photosynthesis was inhibited. When the algae were grown in a boron-free medium, amounts of alkali-labile protein and phospholipid of the cells decreased, while the amount of phosphate in acid-soluble fraction increased compared with the normal cells showing that the biosynthesis of protein and phospholipid from the early products of photosynthesis was retarded. In general, amounts of protein and RNA in the microelement deficient cells significantly decreased compared with those of the normal cells. Phosphate content in the acid-soluble fraction of the algal cell grown in an zinc, copper, molybdenum, or boron-free medium increased considerably, whereas that of the algal cell grown in an iron or manganese-free medium decreased remarkably compared with that of the control. It is considered, therefore, that molybdenum, zinc, copper and boron etc. play an important role in the biosyntbesis of macromolecule from acid-soluble phosphate compounds, in contrast to the principal action of iron and manganese on the photosynthetic process itself.