• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1996

The antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of higenamine were evaluated by measuring edema volume and pain threshold in adjuvant arthritic rats and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Higenamine, with consecutive oral administrations at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg/day, showed significant antiedemic effect and elevation of pain threshold during the secondary lesion of adjuvant arthritis. Higenamine also showed a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome with a single oral administration (200 mg/kg). From these results, it is postulated that higenamine might possess both of centrally and peripherally mediated analgesic properties.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.150-158
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• 2016

Objectives : We want to know the effect of Gyejakjimo-tang in mice model of acute pain.Methods : We investigated writhing reflex in mice with acetic acid-induced abdominal pain using mice, we observed c-Fos protien expression by immunohistochemistry dyeing method in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and supraoptic nucleus(SON) of the hypothalamus.Results : All of Gyejakjimo-tang treated group suppressed acetic acid-induced writhing response as acetic acid injuction group, but in 100㎎/㎏ Gyejakjimo-tang treated group and 200㎎/㎏ Gyejakjimo-tang treated groups represernted significance. All of Gyejakjimo-tang treated groups(50, 100 and 200㎎/㎏ Gyejakjimo-tang-treated group), Fos-positive cells in PNV significantly decreased as acetic acid injuction group, and All of Gyejakjimo-tang-treated groups Fos-positive cells in SON significantly decreased as acetic acid injuction group.Conclusions : The present results showed that the mice pre-treated with the aqueous extract of Gyejakjimo-tang showed analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced abdominal pain.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2014

The aim of our study is to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanol extract of the leaf and stem of Aralia cordata. Writhing responses induced by acetic acid, tail immersion test, and formalin-induced paw pain response for nociception and formalin-induced paw edema for inflammation were evaluated in mice. A. cordata (50 - 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a positive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response, but they did not protect the thermal nociception in tail immersion test. However, morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) used as positive opioid control alleviated both the acetic acid-induced writhing response and thermal nociception in tail immersion test. In the formalin test, A. cordata (50 - 200mg/kg) and ibuprofen (200mg/kg) inhibited the second phase response (peripheral inflammatory response), but not the first phase response (central response), whereas morphine inhibited both phase pain responses. Both A. cordata (100 mg/kg) and ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) significantly alleviated the formalin-induced increase of paw thickness, the index of inflammation. These results show for the first time that the leaf and stem of A. cordata has a significant anti-nociceptive effect that seems to be peripheral, but not central. A. cordata also displays an anti-inflammatory activity in an acute inflammation model. The present study supports a possible use of the leaf and stem of A. cordata to treat pain and inflammation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.444-446
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• 2007

Ethanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya bark was used to investigate its analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The bark extract exhibited statistically significant and dose dependent analgesic activity in mice. The bark extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed 40.69% and 62.07% writhing inhibition respectively in mice whereas diclofenac-Na produced 75.17% writhing inhibition as a positive control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1999

This study was investigated on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on Gu-Mi-Gang-Hwal-Tang which has been used for the treatment of common cold and headache, arthralgia, fever in oriental medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of Gu-Mi-Gang-Hwal-Tang water extract (GMGHT) on the carrageenin induced edema, acetic acid induced edema, and corton oil induced granuloma pouch in rats were examined. The analgesic effect of the GMGHT was investigated utilizing acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice. The antipyretic activity of the GMGHT was also investigated. The oral administration of GMGHT has been shown the anti-inflammatory activities in 1% carrageenin and acetic acid induced edema in rats. The GMGHT has been shown significant inhibitory effects on glanuloma and exudate formation in rats, especially the GMGHT (450 mg/kg) has the efficacy more than the GMGHT (150 mg/kg). The writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid in mice were inhibited, especially analgesic activity of the GMGHT (450 mg/kg) is similar to that of piroxicam and antipyretic activities were recognized in rats. In the present study, the GMGHT is indicated to have the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 1994

Ohjuksan has been used for the treatment of cold and pantalgia in traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract from Ohjuksan (OJSE) was investigated utilizing acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis in rats. The effects of this agent on acute toxicity and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome in mice were also examined. OJSE did not showed acute toxicity at 2400mg/kg (p.o.) and 1200mg/kg(i.p.) body weight. It was also showed to have significant analgesic action on the writhing syndrome in mice induced by 0.7% acetic acid at 300,600mg/kg body weight. It showed anti-inflammatory activity in 5% acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis with oral administration in rats and exhibited significant preventive effect on edema at 300 and 600mg/kg(p<0.01). In the method of adjuvant arthritis, orally administered for 19 days, it inhibited the hind paw edema in rats with 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight from 5 th day to 19th day. These results suggest that OJSE had analgesic and anti-inflammatory action.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Background : Acupuncture has been used as a clinical treatment in Oriental medicine for various diseases including pain relief. The descending pain control system of periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a powerful pain control system in mammalians. Expression of c-Fos is used as a marker for stimuli-induced metabolic changes of neurons. Objective : In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on analgesic effect in visceral pain were investigated through the writhing reflex and c-Fos expression in ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) area using immunohistochemistry in mice. Method : For the writhing test, mice were divided into five groups. Immediately after finishing the behavioral test, the animals were weighed and overdosed with Zoletil. After a complete lack of response was observed, the brains of the mice were dissected into serial coronal sections, and c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed. Statistical analysis of all data was performed using one-way ANOVA. Result : The present results showed that acupuncture affected the writhing reflex and that Choksamni (zusnali) acupoint and aspirin significantlysuppressed acetic acid treatment-induced increased writhing reflex, and the expression of c-Fos in vlPAG was significantly increased in the acupunctured group. Conclusion : The present study suggests that acupuncture has an antinociceptive effect on acetic acid-induced visceral pain by increase of c-Fos expression in mice. Aspirin also showed analgesic effect, however the mechanism is different from the acupuncture.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2006

The extracts of some Bangladeshi medicinal plants, Possur (Xylocarpus mekongensis), Dhundul (Xylocarpus granatum), Gab (Diospyros peregrina), Kadom (Anthocephalus chinensis) and Sundari (Heritiera fomes), were assessed for their possible antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Most of these plants have been used in traditional medicine in Bangladesh as well as in other countries for the treatment of various ailments ranging from common cold to cancer. All these extracts significantly inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The extract of Anthocephalus chinensis bark showed the most potent writhing inhibition (69.47%, P < 0.001) and that of Diospyros peregrina bark had the least (33.54%, P< 0.02).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

Purpose: In order to study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Bee Venom Therapy, writhing syndrome, carrageenin induced edema, and complete adjuvant induced arthritis were experimented. Methods: 1. We used rats of writhing syndrom induced by acetic acid injection. Group I was treated with Acupuncture therapy. Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy. we compared with Group I, II and the control group. 2. We used rats of paw edema induced by carrageenin injection. Group I Was treated with Acupuncture therapy, Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy we compared with Group I, II and the control group. 3. We used rats of arthritis induced by Freud's complete adjuvant injection. Group I was treated with Acupuncture therapy, Group II was treated with Bee Venom thearpy we compared with GroupI,II and the control group. Results: 1. Analgesic effects on writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid injection showed statistical significance in Bee Venom treated group as compared with the control group. 2. The paw edema induced by carrageenin injection was decreased with statistical significance in Bee Venom treated group as compared with the control group. 3. The arthritis induced by Freud's complete adjuvant injection wasn't significant. Conclusion: Bee Venom Therapy was effective on inflammatory disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2013

In the present study, we aimed to analyze the antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities of nymphayol were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hot-plate tests. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. Nymphayol produced significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity in acetic acid induced writhing response and late phase of the formalin induced paw licking response. Pre-treatment with nymphayol (50 mg/kg, oral) evoked a significant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by nymphayol (50 mg/kg) was evidenced by increase in antibody titres in rats. Oral administration of nymphayol (50 mg/kg) to rats potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Treatment with nymphayol showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that nymphayol possesses potent anti-nociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities.