• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2009

Three experiments were conducted to determine the conversion rate of formic and acetic acids into methane in the gastrointestinal tracts of geese. In experiment I, two sets of two 4-month-old male White Roman geese were allocated to one of two treatment groups. Each set of geese was inoculated either with formic acid or with phosphate buffer solution (PBS). After the acid or the PBS was inoculated into the esophagi of the geese, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 4 h in order to determine methane production rate. In experiment II and III, 6- and 7-wk-old male White Roman goslings were used, respectively. Birds were allocated to receive either formic acid or PBS solution injected into the ceca in experiment II. Acetic acid or PBS solution injected into the cecum were used for experiment III. After either the acids or the PBS solution were injected into the cecum, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 3 h; each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results indicated that formic acid inoculated into the oesophagi of geese was quickly converted into methane. Compared with the PBS-injected group, methane production increased by 5.02 times in the formic acid injected group (4.32 vs. 0.86 mg/kg BW/d; p<0.05). Acetic acid injected into the ceca did not increase methane production; conversely, it tended to decrease methane production. The present study suggests that formic acid may be converted to methane in the ceca, and that acetic acid may not be a precursor of methane in the ceca of geese.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.544-548
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• 2003

매실을 사용하여 초산을 생산하기 위하여 알콜 농도, 발효온도, 당 농도의 3변수와 5수준의 fractional factorial design에 의하여 RSM computer program을 사용하여 최적 발효조건을 조사하였다. 초산함량에 대한 회귀분석결과, $R^2$는 0.9462로 높게 나타났다. 알콜 농도 8.76%, 발효 온도 26.27$^{\circ}C$, 당농도 8.42%에서 발효하는 것이 초산 생성을 위하여 가장 양호하였으며, 이 조건에서의 초산 생성 예상치는 3.23%이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2003

In vivo $^31p$ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ($^31p$NMR) and metabolic studies were carried out on an acetic acid tolerant mutant, Zymomonas mobilis $ZM4/Ac^R$, and compared to those of the parent strain, Z. mobilis ZM4, to evaluate possible mechanisms of acetic acid resistance. This investigation was initiated to determine whether or not the mutant strain might be used as a suitable recombinant host far ethanol production from lignocellulose hydrolysates containing various inhibitory compounds. $ZM4/Ac^R$ showed multiple resistance to other lignocellulosic toxic compounds such as syringaldehyde, furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural, vanillin, and vanillic acid. The mutant strain was resistant to higher concentrations of ethanol or lower pH in the presence of sodium acetate, compared to ZM4 which showed more additive inhibition. in vivo $^31p$ NMR studies revealed that intracellular acidification and de-energization were two mechanisms by which acetic acid exerted its inhibitory effect. For $ZM4/Ac^R$, the internal pH and the energy status were less affected by sodium acetate compared to the parent strain. This resistance to pH change and de-energization caused by acetic acid is a possible explanation for the development of resistance by this strain.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.958-964
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• 2005

혐기성균에 의해 각종 탄수화물로부터 생성되는 수소가스의 량을 측정하였으며, 이 때 생성되는 유기산의 생성 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 또한 이를 기초로 카드뮴과 구리와 같은 중금속이 배양액에 존재할 경우 혐기성균에 의한 수소생산량과 발효산물의 변화양상을 파악하고자 하였다. sucrose가 탄소원으로 사용되었을 때 3.43 mol H2/mol hexose의 최적 수소 생산량을 보였으며, 발효산물인 유기산은 acetic acid와 butyric acid가 주로 생성되었다. 카드뮴과 구리가 배양액에 존재함에 따라 수소생산량이 낮아지는 경향을 보인 반면, 유기산 중에서 acetic acid의 생성이 높아지는 경향을 나타내었으며 수소생산에 미치는 영향은 구리가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1996

Modulation of the catabolic PEP-pathway of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was tried using some enzymatic inhibitors such as gases and chemicals in order to enhance succinic acid production. 10$\%$ CO increased the succinic acid/acetic acid (S/A) ratio but inhibited growth as well as production of succinic and acetic acid. Hydrogen gas also increased the S/A ratio and inhibited the synthesis of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase when used in mixture with $CO_2$, Catabolic repression by acetic, lactic and formic acid was not recognized and other modulators such as glyoxylate, pyruvate derivatives, arsenic salt, phosphate and sulfate were shown not to be effective. Magesium carbonate was shown effective for repressing acetate production. Palmitic acid, myristic acid and phenylalanine did not affect acetate production but carprylic acid completely inhibited growth.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 1996

재조합 대장균의 성장과 그 부산물 생성 관계를 알기위하여 탄소원을 glucose로하여 d-cycloserine, acetic acid 첨가에 따른 각각의 영향들을 검토하였다. 세포벽에 자극을 주는 d-cycloserine을 초기 농도 $0.1g/\ell$ 로 첨가하면 첨가하지 않는 경우에 비해 세포 성장이 93% 증가 했고 ${\alpha}$-amylase 생성은 5 5%정도 분비가 촉진 되였다. 그러나 d -cycloserine 초기 농도 $0.2g/\ell$로 첨가하면 세포와 a-amylase 아주 적게 생성되었다. 또한 d-cycloserine을 첨가하면 부산물에 lactic acid 생성에는 영향이 없으나 acetic acid는 적게 생성되었다. 그러므로 d­c cycloserine과 같은 자극제를 적당히 첨가하면 세포 성장 및 ${\alpha}$-amylase 분비가 촉진되지만 너무 많이 첨가 면 저해 작용이 얼어남을 알 수 있다. 저해제 acetic acid는 세포 성장에 작용을 주는 결과를 보였고 acetic acid의 농도가 높지 않는 상 태에서 lactic acid의 생성은 높은 양으로 생성 되엣 다. 이상의 결과에서 lactic acid를 적게 나오게 하 는것은 세포 수율에 큰영향을 주며 acetic acid가 척게 생성되면 성장에 좋은 영향을 주고 있다. 이상의 전체적인 결과는 세포 성장과 부산물 생성 상태를 고려할때 d -cycloserine은 초기 농도 $0.1g/\ell$ 정도 첨가하고 저해제 acetic acid의 생성을 적게 하는 배양방법을 검토 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.789-793
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• 1999

The effect of acetic acid formation deficiency on recombinant E. coli fermentation was investigated using a mutant strain deficient in acetic acid formation. A mutant strain which does not grow under anaerobic conditions was isolated. The acetic acid production in this strain was negligible in aerobic batch fermentation. The cloned-gene expression in the mutant strain was higher than the wild-type strain. Fed-batch fermentations with controlled specific growth rates were carried out in order to compare the cloned-gene expression between the wild-type and the mutant strains. The expression decreased along with the specific growth rate in both strains. The cloned-gene expression in the mutant strain was 60% higher than in the wild-type strain at the same specific growth rate.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.903-907
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• 2014

식초 제조용 종초 선발을 위해 다양한 초산균을 분리한 후, 그들의 발효특성 분석하여 종초 가능성을 검토하였다. 수집된 식초 시료에서 분리된 균주의 16S rRNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과, A. pasteurianus, A. malorum, Ga. entanii, Ga. intermedius, Ga. xylinus로 동정되었다. 식초 제조용 초산균의 발효특성을 분석한 결과, 초산의 과산화능은 모든 시험 균주에서 음성으로 나타나 과산화를 보이지 않았으며, 초산 내성은 Gluconacetobacter 속 균주만 관찰되었다. pH 내성은A. malorum V5-7 균주가 가장 높았다. 식초 품질에 해로운 영향을 주는 섬유질상의 세포외 다당체인 콜로이드 생성 균주는 Ga. intermedius V11-5, Ga. xylinus V8-1 균주로 나타났다. 초산 생성능은 A. malorum V5-7, A. pasteurianus Gam2, Ga. intermedius V11-5에서 가장 높은 산 생성능을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 종초용 초산균의 발효 특성 연구를 통해 국내 발효 식초의 품질 향상을 기대한다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Bacillus cereus 1-1 균주는 광이 없는 호기적 환경에서 levulinic acid와 같은 저해제 처리 없이도 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)를2 mM까지 생산하였다. B. cereus 1-1 균주는 TCY 배지에서 전 배양과 본 배양을 18시간 동안 지속하고, 배지의 pH가 6.8에 도달하는 대수기 후기에 acetic acid를 비롯한 유기산들을 16 mM 첨가하였을 때 많은 ALA를 생산하였으며, 본 배양 시작시 0.3% glucose를 첨가하는 것이 효과적이었다. Acetic acid 대신 glutamic acid를 첨가하였을 때 ALA 생산이 8시간 이상 지속되었고, $40\;{\mu}M$의 gabaculine을 첨가하면 생산이 현저히 저해되는 것으로 보아 B. cereus 1-1 균의 ALA 생산은 C-5 경로에 의함을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1980

CO-intoxication is a serious problem in public health since the coal briquette has been used as one of fuels from 1950's. It has been discussed that the treatment with acetic acid vapor may be effective for CO-intoxication. This study was undertaken to investigate the action of acetic acid therapy, comparing with the spontaneous air treatment The acetic acid vapor was introduced to the blood combined with CO (in vivo and in vitro). The dissociation of COHb, the production of COHb, the levels of Hb and adrenaline and nor-adrenaline were measured. The effect of acetic acid vapor on dissociation of COHb was about 7-9% more effective than the spontaneous air treatment. The acetic acid vapor treatment for the dissociation of COHb was similar effect to the spontaneous air treatment. In an experiment of the combining CO gas with blood, the acetic acid vapor treatment was less effective in the production of COHb than that of spontaneous air treatment. Treatment with the acetic acid vapor to rabbit intoxicated with CO gas induced a little amount of Hb in blood comparing with the spontaneous air treatment. But, it is not a significant increment statistically. By the acetic acid vapor treatment after CO gas intoxication the adrenaline was increased and noradrenaline was decreased. With these results, it is assumed that the effect of acetic acid therapy on CO-gas intoxication would be caused by inductions of Hb and adrenaline and to be reduction of nor-adrenaline.