• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.111-115
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• 1977

Vegetables and fruits purchased from several markets in Seoul from July to October in 1977 were analyzed to know the level of nitrate-and nitrite-nitrogen accumulation in relation to a public health. Radishes and chinese cabbages utilized mainly as pickled vegetables in Korea resulted in the highest concentration of nitrate-nitrogen. Some of the levels for radishes and chinese cabbages were notably high and exceeded a recommended upper limit of 300 ppm $No_{3}-N$, and thus these levels would render these samples unsafe for use. The levels in some of vegetables other than radish and chinese cabbage, e.g., spinach, lettuce, green onion, cabbage were relatively high and considered to be unsafe for use in feeding infants, where as those of green pepper, bean sprouts and parsely were very low and safe. And also the levells in fruits were very low and safe. Nitrite-nitrogen contents in all tested vegetables and fruits ranged to trace and appeared not to be accumulated in fresh vegetables and fruits. Stems and roots of radishes and chinese cabbages accumulated approximately 2 fold more nitrate-nitrogen than leaves in 5 samples of each vegetable tested.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the biodegradability of bait used in the pot for swimming crab, water tank experiments were conducted. Mackerel is the most commonly used natural form of bait to catch the swimming crabs, and therefore was used in this experiment for the biodegradability according to the manufacturing process of the bait. From the biodegradability test on chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(T - N), total phosphorus(T - P), ammoniac nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen per unit weight of the bait based on the production rate and the accumulated amount of pollutants, it was concluded that the smaller the size of the mackerel pieces, the higher the production rate and accumulated amount of organic matter and nutrients which was unfavorable to water pollution. The amount of pollutants released from the intestine of the tuna was similar with that from the whole mackerel. For the operation period of 111 days, the accumulated concentrations of tested pollutants from the tuna which were 67.3 mgCOD/g d, 86.4 mgT N/g d, 3.1 mgT - P/g d, were almost half comparing with those from the mackerel which were 65.7 - 94.4 mgCOD/g d, 83.8 - 109.4 mgT - N/g d, 3.1 - 5.2 mgT - P/g d. The amount of pollutants released from the intestine of the tuna was slightly less than that from the mackerel that was cut into 8 pieces. but more than that from the mackerel which was not cut into pieces. Therefore, it can be concluded that the key factor in determining water pollution potential is not the kind of bait, but the processing or preparation method used.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.103.2-103
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• 2001

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

본 연구는 다양한 등숙기의 온도 및 일사량 조건에서 종실중 및 종실질소 함량 변화를 조사하여 등숙기 생육온도와 일사량이 벼 종실중 및 종실질소함량의 형성과정과 이들의 최종산물에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최종 종실중은 연차 및 품종에 관계없이 등숙기 일사량이 높을수록 큰 경향이었으며, 최종 종실중에 도달하는 출수일수는 짧아지는 경향이었다. 2. 종실 질소의 축적기간은 등숙기 적산일사량에 크게 영향을 받았으나 최종 종실질소함량은 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 3. 유효적산온도(임계온도 $7^{\circ}C$)는 등숙기 생육온도에 관계없이 종실중 및 종실질소함량 변이를 잘 설명하였으나, 유효적산온도 또는 적산일사량에 따른 종실중 및 종실질소 함량은 등숙기 일사량간 변이가 매우 커 이들 단일 요인으로는 등숙기 일사량에 따른 종실중 및 종실질소함량 변이를 설명하는데 한계가 있었다. 4. 유효적산온도 및 적산일사량의 상승적은 등숙기 일사량에 관계없이 종실중 및 종실질소함량 변이를 잘 묘사하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1994

염류(鹽類)가 축적(축積)된 시설재배지(施設栽培地) 토양에서 토마토에 대한 질소와 칼리의 시비(施肥)반응과 양분수지(養分收支)를 구(求)하여 질소와 칼리의 시비효율(施肥效率) 증진을 위한 방법을 모색(摸索)코자 포장(圃場)실험을 실시하였다. 질소와 칼리의 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따른 토마토 수량은 통계적 유의성(有意性)을 보이지 않았고 오히려 무비구(無肥區)에서 수량이 높은 경향이었다. 일반 노지(露地)에서 질소와 칼리의 시비량을 결정할 때 사용되는 현행(現行) 지표(指標)인 OM과 $K/{\sqrt{Ca+Mg}}$는 염류(鹽類)가 축적(蓄積)된 시설재배 토양에는 맞지 않는 것으로 나타났다. $NO_3-N$의 경시적(經時的) 토심별(土深別) 분포(分布)는 토양과 반응성(反應性)이 작은 $Cl^-$이온과 유사(類似)한 형태를 나타내었다. 한편 Ex.-K의 분포는 초기(初期)에는 $NO^--N$이나 $Cl^-$이온과 유사한 경향(傾向)을 보였으나 수확기(收穫期)에 비교적 건조(乾燥)한 상태를 거친 시험후(試驗後) 토양에서는 비정상적(0非正常的)으로 높아졌다. $NO_3{^-}-N$와 Ex.-K가 토심 28cm 하부(下部)로 용탈(溶脫)되어 손실(損失)되는 양은 식물체(植物體) 흡수량(吸收量)에 비해 각각 2~5와 1.5~3.5배(倍)로 매우 컸다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1997

In this research, the synthetic livestock wastewater was prepared to study the characteristics of organic matter removal, the change of VFA production, and the amount of gas production with respect to the change of ammonium nitrogen concentration in the waste using anaerobic fixed bed process, which is an anaerobic biofilm process. The HRT and operation temperature were 1 day and $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, the characteristics of organic matter removal and the inhibitory effect on microorganism in the anaerobic process were studied on the organic loading and ammonium nitrogen concentration. The results obtained were as follows: For COD loading of $10kg/m^3$-day and five levels of ammonium nitrogen concentration ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 mg/L, organic removal efficiencies were about 81, 74, 67, 58, and 51%, and gas productions were 3,860, 3,520, 3,240, 3,020, and 2,790 ml/l-day, respectively. Average methane contents in the gas produced on COD loading of $10kg/m^3$-day was about 76%. Throughout the whole period of experiment, remaining VFA (as COD base) in the effluent was over 90% of remaining COD. This result indicated the inhibitory effect of high concentration of ammonium nitrogen through the facts that accumulated VFA was almost COD and organic removal efficiency decreased also with the increase of ammonium nitrogen. Especially, that implys which high concentration of ammonium nitrogen not only inhibits methane forming bacteria, but also acid forming bacteria.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates triacylglycerols (TAGs) in lipid droplets under stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. TAG biosynthesis occurs mainly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and requires fatty acid (FA) substrates supplied from chloroplasts. How FAs are transferred from chloroplast to ER in microalgae was unknown. We previously reported that an Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, AtABCA9, facilitates FA transport at the ER during seed development. Here we identified a gene homologous to AtABCA9 in the C. reinhardtii genome, which we named CrABCA2. Under nitrogen deprivation conditions, CrABCA2 expression was upregulated, and the CrABCA2 protein level also increased. CrABCA2 knockdown lines accumulated less TAGs and CrABCA2 overexpression lines accumulated more TAGs than their untransformed parental lines. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CrABCA2 was localized in swollen ER. These results suggest that CrABCA2 transports substrates for TAG biosynthesis to the ER during nitrogen starvation. Our study provides a potential tool for increasing lipid production in microalgae.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.317-329
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• 2022

Carotenoids are effective antioxidants that are found in various photosynthetic organisms. Marine microalgae are an advantageous bioresource for carotenoid production because they do not compete with other crops for freshwater and arable land. This study reports a newly isolated Dunaliella strain from the Geumhong Saltpan on Yeongjong Island, West Sea, Korea. The new strain was isolated and classified as Dunaliella salina through phylogenetic analysis and was named the OH214 strain (Deposit ID: KCTC14434BP). The newly isolated strain can survive in a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0.3-5.0 M NaCl), but grows well in 0.6 to 1.5 M NaCl culture medium. Under high-light conditions (500 ± 10 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1), the cells accumulated three times more β-carotene than under low-light conditions (50 ± 5 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1). The cells accumulated 2.5-fold more β-carotene under nitrogen-deficient (1 mM KNO₃) conditions (3.24 ± 0.36 ㎍ 10⁶ cells^-1) than in nitrogen-sufficient conditions (>5 mM KNO₃). The lutein content under nitrogen-deficient conditions (1.73 ± 0.09 ㎍ 10⁶ cells^-1) was more than 24% higher than that under nitrogen-sufficient conditions. Under the optimized culture condition for carotenoid induction using natural seawater, D. salina OH214 strain produced 7.97 ± 0.09 mg g DCW^-1 of β-carotene and 4.65 ± 0.18 mg g DCW^-1 of lutein, respectively. We propose that this new microalga is a promising strain for the simultaneous production of β-carotene and lutein.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

속리산 국립공원 내 용바위골 지역(a.s.1. 560∼640 m)의 신갈나무림에서 토양에 축적된 유기탄소, 질소, 인 및 칼륨의 함량을 측정하고 또 O1son(1963)의 부지수곡선 모델을 적용하여 낙엽의 분해상수(k)와 분해시간(t)를 측정하였다. 유기탄소량은 L층 231.25 g $m^{-2}$, F층 291.50 g $m^{-2}$, H층 166.91 g $m^{-2}$, 그리고 $A_1$층 174.51 g $m^{-2}$, 로 L층과 F층에서 높은 함량을 보였고, 질소함량 역시 L층과 F층에서 각각 17.47 mg $g^{-1}$, 17.00 mg $g^{-1}$으로 많았으며, 인과 칼륨함량은 H층과 $A_1$층에서 433.34 mg $g^{-1}$ 392.74 mg $g^{-1}$ 및 2,323.31 mg $g^{-1}$, 2,155.57 mg $g^{-1}$으로 다른 토양층에 비하여 많았다. 토양 속 유기물의 분해상수는 유기탄소 k = 0.3657, 질소 k = 0.3319, 인 k = 0.2050, 칼륨 k = 0.0934이였고, 99%가 분해되는데 소요되는 시간은 유기탄소 13.94년, 질소 15.18년, 인 24.79년 그리고 칼륨 55.11년으로 순환 cycle이 없는 칼륨이 분해되는데 가장 오랜 시간이 소요되는 것으로 측정되었다. 신갈나무림에서 매년 유입되는 영양염류량과 집적층에 축적되는 영양염류량을 Turbo Pascal로 Programming한 후 신갈나무 군락의 상태를 진단해 본 결과, 임상에 유입된 유기탄소 중 87.67%인 714.84 mg $g^{-1}$, 축적된 유기탄소 중 81.62%인 1,594.62 g mg $g^{-1}$이 분해되어 유입되는 양과 분해되는 양이 거의 비슷하였다. 질소, 인 그리고 칼륨도 유입되는 영양염류량과 분해되는 영양염류량이 비슷하여 안정상태(steady state)를 유지하고 있는 군락으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.146-152
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• 1987

Sorghum cv. Pioneer 93 1, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Sioux and maize plant cv. Blizzard were assayed for toxic concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) and their relationship to morphological characteristics and environmental temperature in a field and phytotron trial. In the phytotron, sorghum and maize plants ranging from emergence to heading stage, were grown under different day/night temperatures of 30125, 25/20,28/18 and 1818 degree C. Nitrate-nitrogen in sorghum and maize plants was accumulated mainly in stems. Therefore nitrate concentration in the young plants was increased as development of stalks advanced and was highest at the stage of 3-4 leaves, when the plants had a leaf weight ratio 0.78-0.80 g/g plant weight. However, nitrate concentrations of the plant decreased as morphological development progressed, especially from the stage of growing point differentiation. Correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation of nitrate concentration with leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area, while plant height, dry matter percentage and absolute growth rate showed a negative association with TEX>$NO_3$-N ($P{\le}0.1$%). Cyanogenic glycosides, total nitrogen and crude protein were close associated with nitrate accumulation, and positively significant ($P{\le}0.1$%). High temperature over 30/25^{\circ}C.$ for 3 weeks increased N-uptake and dry matter accumulation, but reduced nitrate concentration. Under cold temperature below 18/8^{\circ}C.$ concentration of nitrate-N was increased in spite of its limited nitrogen uptake and plant growth.