• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to suggest the spatial composition and area of the intensive care units through analysis of current situation for the standards establishment of the intensive care units in public district hospitals in the future. Methods: Three Methods have been used in this paper. 1) Literature reviews about composition, location, foreign standards on intensive care units. 2) Comparative analysis on the architectural drawing for the space program and the area. 3) Field survey in order to confirm differences between architectural drawing and current situation. Results: 1) The intensive care units is required to be linked by the operating department, the emergency department and the sterile supply department upon considerations of accessibility of emergency patients and the infection control. 2) The intensive care unit consists of five areas such as the patient area, the medical staff area, the material and equipment area, the patient family area, and the public area. 3) The location of spaces in the intensive care unit is classified by three methods such as connection by view, circulation and connection to corridor. The [table 20] summarizes the type of space and the average size of the space in intensive care unit. Implications: This study is a basic research for guideline of intensive care units, and need to be followed by further study using various perspectives and methods in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2001

This study performed factor analysis for 21 independent variables related to the effect of illumination and suggested the effect by multiple regression analysis on the relationship between the effect of illumination and the satisfaction of use of a dependent variable to find the effect of illumination in urban parks at night and the effect of illumination on the satisfaction of use. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Of the 21 independent variables used to study the effect of illumination in urban parks at night, the impact on safety and possibility of crime was highly. The effects of illumination by factor analysis were abstracted as effects of removing anxiety, securing safety, increasing use. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing satisfaction of use in urban park were proved as effects of removing anxiety, securing safety, increasing identity, preparing atmosphere and increasing use. Also, the effect of securing safety was the most important factor; it showed a level of importance 2 times higher than the effect of removing anxiety, and 7.7 times higher than the effect of preparing atmosphere in relative contribution of the effect of illumination to satisfaction of use. 3) Of the effects of illumination influencing satisfaction of use in urban parks, the effect of securing safety and the effect of increasing visibility were more significant than the effects of removing anxiety, preparing atmosphere and increasing use. This fact means that personal safety an the identity of persons or facilities in the space of use should be considered with priority in planning or designing illumination. Also, it implies hat, for night use in urban parks, lightness of the space is required for general safety of use at parks, and proper illuminance on the activity in the space of use should be required. The subject parks of this study are 8 urban neighborhood parks. The model on the effect of illumination and the satisfaction of use depends on characteristics and conditions of location of he park and user class, so the subject parks and persons should be varied, and the difference by sex or ages should be suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.236-248
• /
• 2019

Green belts can help to set boundary for city growth, provide ecological protection system and enhance the resilience of Beijing. During the implementation period of the current overall city planning of Beijing, the proportion of green space varies much among the sub-districts, villages and towns involved in the two green belts in the research. With this as starting point, by researching the correlations of 'city system factors' and 'planning policy factors' with the change in the scale of green space, the paper discussed the influential factors of implementing the planning of green space of Beijing, and conducted quantitative research, with such possible influential factors classified into 'city system factors' and 'planning policy factors'. Through multiple linear regression model, the paper tested the correlations of city system factors and planning policy factors (independent variable) with the increment in the construction land in green belts (dependent variable). Through influence to population aggregation and the expansion force of construction land, city system factors such as mountain land and water, house rent of unit area, accessibility of public transport and the newly-defined state-owned construction land generate correlation with the change in the scale of construction land in green belts.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.95-119
• /
• 2020

The study examined the behavior of infant's caregivers using public libraries, measured the level of awareness of infant and toddler services in the library to determine the factors affecting their revisit or recommendation of use to others, and examined the impact of such recognition on the use behavior, revisit and willingness to recommend others. The study surveyed 146 caregivers of infants who use four public libraries in Gwangju Metropolitan City on demographic characteristics, library use behavior, level of awareness of library services, library revisit and recommendation to others. Analysis of this survey shows that the factors that influence the caregivers' revisit of the library or their desire to recommend to others through their caregivers' use of the library are the factors that influence the expansion of information data, the stability of space facilities, the accessibility of space facilities, and the ease of participation in programs among the various service factors provided by the library rather than the personal factors of infants and toddlers' caregivers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.723-728
• /
• 2022

The vitality of the city's commercial district, which in the base of city life and provides vitality and diversity of life, has a great impact on the vitality of the entire city and the revitalization of the local economy. The revitalization of the commercial street is related to the activation of walking, and walking is closely related to the quality of life because it involves a wide range of interactions with the surrounding environment beyond simple movement. This quality of life leads to 'Livability'. In order to revitalize pedestrians on the commercial street, the liberty factor was derived and the importance of what was the most important and effective for the activation of the commercial street was analyzed. As a result, it was found that the items representing the atmosphere and purpose, which are detailed indicators of placeness, had a high priority, and it was found that the detailed indicators belonging to accessibility came out with a lower priority. In order to increase the livability of the commercial street, the priority is to increase the spatiality of the space, and if pedestrians are activated as the number of visits and stay time of visitors increases, it can be extended to the vitality of the entire area.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2022

In today's era of digital technologies, the problem of religious communication in the cyberspace is being actualized, since the globality and accessibility of the WWW makes it one of the most effective and promising channels for transmitting various kinds of messages, including those of a religious nature. Today, religious organizations and movements pay the closest attention to the virtual media space, not only using it to attract new followers, but also for religious PR, image-making and branding, informing the world about themselves through news from the life of the organization and its followers. An equally important form of electronic communication in the online sphere is currently the interaction of various religious movements and religious cultures in general, or the dialogue of confessions in particular. Research in the digital space makes it possible to identify important trends in religious spheres based on the analysis of the flow of information on the Internet, to demonstrate the specifics of individual media outlets and the consequences of their activities for interreligious dialogue, to study the role of the Internet in changing religious beliefs, the possibility of changing religious identity, retrospective development of religious enlightenment at the turn of the century, to determine the vectors of possible interreligious interaction and discuss the role of digital technologies in the work of religious structures, to state the need to continue an active dialogue between representatives of religious movements, to hold expert seminars on interreligious dialogue on a regular basis, and to record the risks generated by the digital space. Thus, the coronavirus pandemic served as a background and context, a litmus test and a catalyst for accelerating and intensifying interreligious, interfaith dialogue and dialogue between religious organizations and society.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.472-482
• /
• 2023

The grid-type or room-and-pillar method is applied for the purpose of mining horizontally buried minerals. In this study, design and pilot test were performed to apply the room-and-pillar method which uses natural rock as a rock pillar to the construction of underground space. The area where the pilot test was conducted was in stone mine and had good rock conditions with an appropriate depth (about 30 m) to apply the pilot test. The pilot test site was selected by reviewing accessibility and ground conditions and then site construction was performed through detailed ground investigation and design. The pilot test was designed with a column shape of 8×8 m and a cross-section of 8×12 m. The blasting pattern was determined through test blasting at the site, and blasting of 3 m excavation with 89 holes was performed. Through field observations, the average width of 12.5 m and the average height of 8.3 m were measured. Therefore, it is possible to proceed similar to the cross-sectional shape considered in the design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.86-99
• /
• 2016

This study was for analyzing the external environment and internal space structure and improving the way of use efficiency in waterfront through the Dragon boat festival to utilize waterfront actively. Through from the four target area, Hongkong, Busan, Incheon and Daejeon, this study was for an importance and satisfaction analysis for users about the element effect on the waterfront use efficiency and the contribution to cultural contents revitalization of waterfront by giving basic data. The result is as follows. First, in the importance analysis about 12 items, modern cultural infra around the waterfront was ranked highest, 8.26 and waterfront landscape, square & openspaces, convenience facilities, transport, green area, quality of viewing space, historic resources, pedestrian, suitability of width, wave, depth, water quality, berth & mooring were ranked in descending order. Second, waterfront landscape was interpreted by rather the external environmental impact according to city size than the matter of spatial structure in target area and judged as an important factor effect on site selection for waterfront. In the analysis of waterfront landscape, the reason of the high satisfaction about domestic target area was that riverside parks were recently made considering their waterfront activities. Viewing space was major infra where people could experience the pleasant waterfront and watch dynamic water leisure sports like Dragon boat three dimensionally and was thought to be improved for the use efficiency. Third, tourism resources were very important element that affect the use efficiency of waterfront, so waterfront users react sensitively to modern tourism resources rather than to historic resources. This meant that tourism infrastructure for shopping and leisure of the young affected the use efficiency of waterfront, so Hongkong and Busan were in a better position in terms of using waterfront that was near the tourism infrastructure. Fourth, in the analysis of traffic accessibility, both Hongkong and Busan were high evaluated in terms of excellent traffic accessibility by subway. Daejeon was low rated in terms of the satisfaction of use efficiency, because of the relative lower place awareness compared with transportation infrastructure. In Hongkong, waterfront was connected with downtown and in Busan, housing complex and shopping centers were located in the place for users in an easily accessible on foot, so the satisfaction was high-pitched. Finally, in the importance of water surface width and the analysis of satisfaction, except Incheon, all the three were over 200m in width of water surface and this meant the surface width above certain level was interpreted to interrupt the concentration of enjoying the water leisure sports. In the analysis of surface condition such as water quality, water depth and wave, through a survey, Busan had a problem with water quality and Gapcheon in Daejeon had a problem with optimal water depth by the festival participants.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.97-112
• /
• 2023

Background: In modern society, the importance of Public Design has become increasingly significant in contributing to the enhancement of urban functionality and the quality of life of citizens. Smart Public Facilities have played a pivotal role in enriching user experience by improving accessibility, convenience, and safety, and in elevating the value of the city. This research recognizes the importance of Public Facilities and explores the potential of Smart Public Facilities in solving urban challenges and progressing towards sustainable and Inclusive cities. Method: The literature review comprehensively examines existing theories and research results on Smart Public Facilities. The case study analyzes actual examples of Smart Public Facilities implemented in cities both domestically and internationally, drawing out effects, user satisfaction, and areas for improvement. Through analysis and discussion, the results of the case studies are evaluated, discussing the potential development of Smart Public Facilities. Results: Smart Public Facilities have been found to bring positive changes in various aspects such as urban management, energy efficiency, safety, and information accessibility. In terms of urban management, they play a crucial role in optimization, social Inclusiveness, environmental protection, fostering citizen participation, and promoting technological innovation. These changes create a new form of urban space, combining physical space and digital technology, enhancing the quality of life in the city. Conclusion: This research explores the implications, current status, and functions of Smart Public Facilities in service and design aspects, and their impact on the urban environment and the lives of citizens. In conclusion, Smart Public Facilities have brought about positive changes in the optimization of urban management, enhancement of energy efficiency, increased information accessibility, User-Centric design, increased interaction, and social Inclusiveness. Technological innovation and the integration of Public Facilities have made cities more efficient and proactive, enabling data-based decision-making and optimized service delivery. Such developments enable the creation of new urban environments through the combination of physical space and digital technology. The advancement of Smart Public Facilities indicates the direction of urban development, where future cities can become more intelligent, proactive, and User-Centric. Therefore, they will play a central role in Public Design and greatly contribute to improving the urban environment and the quality of life of citizens.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2011

In accordance with low carbon and green growth paradigm, a subway is one of major public transit systems for resolving traffic congestion and decreasing traffic accidents. In addition, as subway networks expand, passengers' travel pattern in the subway network change and consequently affect the urban structure. Generally, new subway route has been planned and developed, mainly considering a travel demand forecast. However, it is desired to conduct an empirical analysis on the forecast model regarding change of travel accessibility and passenger demand pattern according to new subway line. Therefore, in this paper, an alternative method, developed based upon a spatial syntax model, is proposed for evaluating new subway route in terms of passenger's mobility and network accessibility. In a case study, we constructed subway network data, mainly targeting the no 9 subway line opened in 2009. With an axial-map analysis, we calculated spatial characteristics to describe topological movement interface. We then analyzed actual modal shift and change on demand of passengers through the number of subway passenger between subway stations and the number of passenger according to comparative bus line from Smart Card to validate suggested methods. Results show that the proposed method provides quantitative means of visualizing passenger flow in subway route planning and of analyzing the time-space characteristics of network. Also, it is expected that the proposed method can be utilized for predicting a passengers' pattern and its impact on public transportation.