• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2009

Synthetic analyses of field data, including rock facies, contact relationships, petrography, structural elements, and etc., and previous geochemical and absolute age data of the Tertiary Churyeong Breccia and its surrounding volcanics in the Gyeongju city, Korea, have led to the following results. (1) The Tertiary rocks are divided into the dacitic tuffs, Churyeong Breccia, and andesitic rocks in ascending order. The dacitic tuffs are unconformably overlain by the Churyeong Breccia which is intruded by or conformably overlain by the andesitic rocks. (2) The dacitic tuffs are correlated with the Paleocene${\sim}$Eocene Wangsan dacitic volcanics, while the Churyeong Breccia and andesitic rocks are correlated with the early Early Miocene Andongri Formation and Yongdongri Tuffs in the Waeup Basin, respectively. (3) The Churyeong Breccia accumulated rapidly in the NE-trending graben about 1.5 km in width during the crustal extension in the NW-SE direction due to the East Sea opening. (4) Dacitic${\sim}$andesitic volcanism and crustal extension were active during the early Early Miocene times in SE Korean peninsula. During the deposition the Churyeong Breccia, especially, the volcanism ceased for some time, but the active normal faulting led to the formation of grabens in places.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 1999

During the previous several decades the osseointegrated implants have been considered as the most ideal therapy for the fully edentulous or partially edentulous patients. Although the research on the biocompatibility of osseointegration, the oral tactile function, and the histo-neurologic study had been performed, the change of the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time of implant prostheses has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implant pros-theses to natural teeth according to the specific postinsertion time intervals. The fifty seven patients treated with $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants during the recent seven years were involved in this study. The oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force were measured according to the postinsertion time (${\leqq}6\;months,\;{\leqq}12\;{\leqq}\;18\;months\;{\leqq}\;24\;months,\;and\;{\geqq}20\;months$) 1. The passive tactile threshold of implants was higher than 6-7 times when comparing to natural teeth(P<0.05) 2. The absolute pressure threshold in horizontal and vertical direction for the passive tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the post insertion time 13-18 months group and had increased significantly in the post insertion time over 25 months group (P<0.05) 3. 50% limit thickness and 100% absolute thickness for the active tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the postinsertion time 7-12 months group ($AT_{50}:P<0.005,\;AT_{100}:P<0.05$) 4. The maximal occlusal force of the implants prostheses had decreased when comparing with natural teeth in the postinsertion time 1-6 months group(P<0.05) and after that there was no significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth(P<0.05) 5. Maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time had increased significantly in the 13-18 months group (P<0.05) after that there was no significant difference. 6. There was positive correlation between age and oral tactile sensibility tested in horizontal and vertical direction ($P_{H:r}=0.39,\;P_{v:r}=0.41$) and there was no correlation between age and maximal occlusal force, age and active tactile sensibility 7. According to the results or the questionnaire, 76.6% of the patients were satisfied with the function and 96.7% of the patients were satisfied with the sensibility. In conclusion oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implants have changed with the postinsertion time. Oral tactile function of implants was lower than that of the natural teeth, but for the maximal occlusal force there was no difference between implants and natural teeth.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1997

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnositc value of the absolute and relative renal uptake rates on $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan of children with febrile UTI. Method: The absolute and relative renal uptake rates of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ were checked in 68 children with febrile urinary tract infection (35 with unilateral focal defect; 13 with bilateral focal defect; and 20 with diffuse bilateral defect) and 49 children with afebrile UTI and normal $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan as control. Results: The renal absolute uptake rate in the control group were $21.8{\pm}3.9%(right),\;22.2{\pm}3.9%(left),\;and\;44.2{\pm}7.8%(total)$. The absolute uptake rate gradually increased until the age 12 months and then was stationary. In febrile UTI with unilateral focal defect on the $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, both relative and absolute uptake rates were similarly diagnostic ($41.2{\pm}9.7%,\;16.5{\pm}5.4%$ vs $50.0{\pm}2.6%,\;22.0{\pm}3.9%$, p<0.01). In acute pyelonephritis with bilateral focal defect on the $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, the absolute uptake rate was significantly more diagnostic than the relative uptake rate[$17.3{\pm}5.3%$ (right), $17.4{\pm}5.3%\;(left),\;vs\;21.8{\pm}3.9%,\;(right)\;22.2{\pm}3.9%$, (left)% p<0.01]. In febrile UTI with bilateral diffuse defects on the $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, the absolute uptake rate was significantly diagnostic than the relative uptake rate [$18.1{\pm}3.9%\;(right),\;18.4{\pm}3.8%\;(left),\;vs\;21.8{\pm}3.9%,\;(right)\;22.2{\pm}3.9%$(left), p<0.01]. Conclusion: In the $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, the absolute uptake rate was more useful than the relative uptake rate to evaluate bilateral acute pyelonephritis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.298-302
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• 2016

Purpose: Recent reports showed that plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) could be a useful biomarker of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) unresponsiveness and coronary artery lesion (CAL) development in Kawasaki disease (KD). The levels of these peptides are critically influenced by age; hence, the normal range and upper limits for infants and children are different. We performed an age-adjusted analysis of plasma NT-proBNP level to validate its clinical use in the diagnosis of KD. Methods: The data of 131 patients with KD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups-group I (high NT-proBNP group) and group II (normal NT-proBNP group)-comprising patients with NT-proBNP concentrations higher and lower than the 95th percentile of the reference value, respectively. We compared the laboratory data, responsiveness to IVIG, and the risk of CAL in both groups. Results: Group I showed significantly higher white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, aspartate aminotransferase level, and troponin-I level than group II (P<0.05). The risk of CAL was also significantly higher in group I (odds ratio, 5.78; P=0.012). IVIG unresponsiveness in group I was three times that in group II (odds ratio, 3.35; P= 0.005). Conclusion: Age-adjusted analysis of plasma NT-proBNP level could be helpful in predicting IVIG unresponsiveness and risk of CAL development in patients with KD.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.618-626
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• 2012

The Cretaceous fossil sites of Seoyuri in Hwasun was designated as the Korean Natural Monument No. 487 in November 2007. It provides important resources for paleoenvironmental studies, including theropod trackways, plant fossils, mudcracks, ripple marks, and horizontal bedding. The Cretaceous sedimentary strata contain a wide variety of volcanic pebbles, 5-40 cm in diameter in the lower portion and are overlain by the Late Cretaceous Hwasun andesite. Whole rock absolute K-Ar age determinations were performed on six volcanic pebbles from the Cretaceous sedimentary strata and on two samples from the overlaying Hwasun andesite. These ages indicate that the rocks belong to the period between the Turonian of the late Cretaceous (91-70 Ma) and the Pliocene age of the early Cenozoic ($63.4{\pm}1.2$ and $62.1{\pm}1.2$ Ma). Thus, the K-Ar ages indicate that the maximum geological age of the dinosaur track-bearing sedimentary deposits is about ca. 70 Ma. Therefore, it suggests that the age is comparable to the formation ages of the dinosaur footprints-bearing deposits in Sado area of Yeosu (71-66Ma).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

Based on mineral assemblages, field occurrences, the volcanic rocks distributed in the Geumdang Island area are divided into three types: rhyolite, porphyritic rhyolite and intermediated dyke rock. In a diagram of [TAS (total alkali-silica)], rhyolites and porphyritic rhyolites belong to the rhyolite-dacite field and rhyolite field, respectively. As to the times when the rhyolite and porphyritic rhyolite rocks were formed a whole rock K-Ar age was obtained. These absolute age determinations have revealed that the former (rhyolite) has an age of 76-78 Ma and belongs to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) and the latter (porphyritic rhyolite) is 71-72 Ma in age and thus belongs to the boundary between the Campanian and Maastrichtian. These geological ages are associated with the igneous activity of the Yuchon Group which occurred vigorously in the southern part of the Korean peninsula during the Late Cretaceous. The various geological ages of volcanic rocks distributed in the southwestern part of the peninsula and of igneous rocks found in the Cretaceous formation which contain a wide variety of minerals indicate that in this area, volcanic activities continued vigorously as a result of the collision of the Eurasian and Pacific Plates between 108-71 Ma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

The present study was undertaken to clarify the changes in hematological values of Korean indigenous goats according to age. Blood samples were collected from 16 goats (5 females and 11 males) from birth up to the age of 6 weeks and the levels of various hematological values were analyzed. The body weight was increased from 2.54 kg at birth to 6.41 kg at 6 weeks age. The erythrocytes (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (Hb) values of goats were decreased at 2 weeks after birth, and increased gradually from 4 weeks after birth. The hematocrit (Ht) values were decreased until 4 weeks after birth, and increased at 6 weeks after birth. The mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased until 6 weeks after birth. The mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was increased slightly from 2 weeks after birth. The red cell distribution width (RDW) was increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and decreased from 4 weeks after birth. The platelet (PLT) counts were increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The mean platelet volume (MPV) was decreased at 2 weeks after birth, and increased gradually from 4 weeks after birth. The total white blood cell (WBC) counts and the mean absolute numbers of neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil were increased from 2 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpreting results of hematological analyses in Korean indigenous goats.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2014

Objectives: To date, studies have not comprehensively demonstrated the relationship between stroke incidence and socioeconomic status. This study investigated stroke incidence by household income level in conjunction with age, sex, and stroke subtype in Korea. Methods: Contributions by the head of household were used as the basis for income levels. Household income levels for 21 766 036 people were classified into 6 groups. The stroke incidences were calculated by household income level, both overall within income categories and further by age group, sex, and stroke subtype. To present the inequalities among the six ranked groups in a single value, the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality were calculated. Results: In 2005, 57 690 people were first-time stroke patients. The incidences of total stroke for males and females increased as the income level decreased. The incidences of stroke increased as the income level decreased in those 74 years old and under, whereas there was no difference by income levels in those 75 and over. Intracerebral hemorrhage for the males represented the highest inequality among stroke subtypes. Incidences of subarachnoid hemorrhage did not differ by income levels. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke increases as the income level decreases, but it differs according to sex, age, and stroke subtype. The difference in the relative incidence is large for male intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas the difference in the absolute incidence is large for male ischemic stroke.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 2001

Recently developing method of age determination using stepwise dissolution technique to expand the applicability of absolute age determination significantly is evaluated whether it is applicable to the Korean samples. The materials selected for the study are uranium-bearing black slates from Changni Formation of Ogcheon metamorphic belt, tourmaline separated from Naedeongni granite of Yeongnam massif, garnet and ilmenite separated from ilmenite-bearing anorthositic rock of Yeongnam massif, scheelites from Ogbang mine, and magnetite separated from Gyemyeongsan Formation of Ogcheon metamorphic belt. For the stepwise dissolution, various acid steps with different normalities and different durations were applied to leach the samples. The leachate from each step was analyzed to determine the Pb isotopic composition and concentrations of Pb and U using thermal ionization mass spectrometer. The black slates from the Changni Formation and the tourmaline from the Naedeongni granite reveal significant variation of Pb isotopic composition, which reveals the potential of such stepwise dissolution technique as a dating method. The behaviors of uranium and lead during the each stage of step leaching are different, which seem to reflect the differences in positions within the crystal lattices depending upon mineral species.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

Recently developed illite-age-analysis (IAA) approach has been applied to determine the multiple events for the Singal and Wangsukcheon faults in the Chugaryeong fault belt, Korea. Fault reactivated events during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene events($69.2{\pm}0.3$ Ma and $27.2{\pm}0.5$ Ma) for the Singal fault and of $75.4{\pm}0.8$ Ma for the Wangsukcheon fault were determined by combined approach of the optimized illite-polytype quantification and the K-Ar age-dating of clay fractions separated from the fault clays. These absolute geochronological determinations of the multiple tectonic events recorded in the Chugaryeong fault belt are crucial to establish the tectonic evolution of the Korean Peninsula since Late Cretaceous.