• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2024

Objectives : Human body keeps balance through the interaction of various organs, especially the lungs and kidneys are closely connected in maintaining health and preventing disease. This study explores how the lungs and kidneys interact in terms of breathing and fluid balance and aims to find common ground between Eastern and Western medical practices. Methods : Similar explanations related to the interaction between the lungs and kidneys in the physiology and pathology of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) and biomedicine were compared. Results : In breathing, the lungs and kidneys work together by adjusting abdominal pressure with the diaphragm and maintaining acid-base balance, and hormones and enzymes secreted from the kidneys significantly affect lung function. This process corresponds to the concept of TKM that the kidneys control the reception of qi (腎主納氣). For fluid balance, the lungs help manage fluid levels through evaporation and sweating, interacting with the kidneys via the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), ACE, ACE2 enzymes, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This is similar to the theory in TKM that the lungs regulate human fluid (肺主通調水道). Conclusions : This research shows that by looking at the same physiological and pathological processes from different angles, we can reduce misunderstandings between Eastern and Western medicine. It helps improve the understanding of TKM's theories and supports building a unified framework for both medical traditions. Future work should focus on developing compatible theoretical systems across these fields.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2024

Anticipating a wide range of morphological variations of arterial anatomy of foregut derivatives beyond the classical pattern, a precise understanding is pertinent to preoperative diagnosis, operative procedure and to avoid potentially devastating post-operative outcome during various traumatic and non-traumatic vascular insult of foregut. The study aimed to revisit the morphological details and update unusual configurations of arteries of foregut to establish clinico-anatomical correlations. This study described the detailed branching pattern of coeliac trunk (CT) as principal artery of foregut with source & course of hepatic, gastric, duodenal and pancreatic branches in 58 cadaveric dissections. Based on morphology, different types and subtypes were made. The descriptions were explained using figures and pertinent tables. Among classical branches of CT, splenic artery was found as most stable whereas other two branches were found to be most variable with missing common hepatic artery in 11 cases. In addition to classical trifurcation (65.52%), different types of bifurcation (12.07%) and tetrafurcations (22.41%) of CT were observed. Regarding variations of hepatic arteries (27.59%), both non-classical origin and accessory hepatic branches were found. In case of gastric branches, more variant origins were seen with right gastric (50%) as compared to left gastric artery (34.48%). Other morphological variations included non-classical origin of gastro-duodenal artery (18.96%) along with presence of accessory pancreatic (17.13%) and duodenal arteries (6.38%). Awareness of anatomical variations regarding circulatory dynamics of foregut is worth knowing in order to facilitate successful planning of surgery involving upper abdominal organs with least complications.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

목 적 : 외부 압박을 통해 전립선암 환자의 복강 내 압력을 안정화시켜 움직임을 감소하여 치료 간(interfraction)과 치료 중(intrafraction)에 변화를 측정하여 평가하고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 10명의 전립선환자들은 전체 치료과정동안 MVCT 스캔을 통해 치료 전과 후에 걸쳐 환자 당 60개의 영상을 획득하였고 획득한 좌우방향(X), 상하방향(Y), 전후방향(Z), 회전방향(Roll)에 대한 Shift 값들을 이용하여 복부 압박 시 치료 간 치료준비 변화와 치료 중 표적 움직임의 상호 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 치료 간의 움직임 변화는 평균 좌우방향(X)에서 $0.65{\pm}2.32mm$, 상하방향(Y)에서 $1.41{\pm}4.83mm$, 전후방향(Z)에서 $0.73{\pm}0.52mm$, 회전방향(Roll)에서 $0.96{\pm}0.21^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 치료 중 움직임 변화는 평균 좌우방향(X)에서 $0.15{\pm}0.44mm$, 상하방향(Y)에서 $0.13{\pm}0.44mm$, 전후방향(Z)에서 $0.24{\pm}0.64mm$, 회전방향(Roll)에서 $0.1{\pm}0.9^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 결 론 : 전처치과정과 외부에서 복부압박을 통한 전복부의 움직임을 제한한다면 치료동안에 내부 장기와 환자의 움직임을 감소시켜 보다 적은 여유(margin)로 계획용 표적체적(PTV)을 생성할 수 있어서 정상조직의 부작용 증가 없이 더욱 이상적인 선량 체적을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

본 연구는 저지방 고품질 돈육의 생산을 위해 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 감소를 위한 다클론 항체의 개발 및 실제 세포에 미치는 세포독성효과를 확인하고자 실시되었다. 항원으로써 돼지의 복강 및 피하지방세포 PMP를 분리하여 면양에 3회에 걸쳐 수동면역 주사하고, 면역 주사 전 및 후에 비면역혈청과 항체를 생산하였다. 돼지 AAb 및 SAb 항체의 역가와 생체 주요 장기 조직인 심장, 신장, 간장, 폐, 근육 및 비장세포의 PMP에 대한 타장기 교차반응성을 조사하였다. 돼지 부위별 지방 조직에서 지방세포를 분리하고 각각 primary 배양시킨 후 개발된 AAb 및 SAb를 주입한 뒤 media 내 LDH 방출 수준을 조사하였다. 희석배율 1:1,000배를 기준으로 비면역혈청은 항원-항체 결합반응이 거의 측정되지 않았고, AAb 및 SAb는 희석배율 1:16,000배까지 각각 항원-항체 반응이 감지되었으며, 이는 본 연구에서 생산한 부위별 지방 감소 다클론 항체가 지방세포 PMP에 대해 강한 역가를 가진 항체임을 시사한다. 또한 AAb 및 SAb는 타 장기들과는 특이한 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서 개발한 두 항체들은 모두 항원으로 이용된 부위의 지방세포 PMP와 가장 높은 반응을 나타내었으며, 비면역혈청에 비해 유의적으로 높은 세포독성 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 본 연구에서 개발된 AAb 및 SAb는 높은 역가, 타 장기 안전성 및 in vitro 지방 감소 효과가 있었으며 향후 영양생리 안전성 및 생체 지방 감소 효과 등의 추가 연구가 지속될 경우 저지방 고품질 돈육의 생산이 가능하리라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical pattern of the patients with penetrating torso injury. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, mechanism of injury, injury type including injured organ, and ultimate outcome of treatment. Our purpose of the study was to establish guideline of management in penetrating torso injury. Methods: This study consists of an analysis of a consecutive series of 94 patients with penetrating injury of trunk treated at one general hospital during 7year period (from January 1995 to April 2003) who was admitted through in our emergency department. All data were collected from the medical records and entered in a database for analysis on the following: age, sex, mechanism of injury, vital sign at admission, clinical outcome including hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, requirement of crystalloid fluid and blood product. Results: Among 94 patients, there were 68 men and 26 women, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years (average 38.2 years). The most frequent mechanism of injury was violence by others including rob (n=54, 57.4%) followed by suicidal attempt (n=24, 25.5%) and accidental injury (n=16, 17.0%). No injury was inflicted from gun. In 37 patients, systolic blood pressure at admission was under 90mmHg. The time interval from injury to admission, and from admission to operation was 57.8minutes and 4hour 12minutes each. Laparotomy was required in 70 patients, thoracotomy in 5 patients, and 3 patients required thoracotomy and laparotomy. Among 94 patients, an average of 1.7 organs were injured. The small bowel and colon were the organs most commonly wounded followed by liver, mesentery, pleura. Of the 94 patients, 6 died for an overall mortality rate of 6.4%, and two of them were not related with hemorrhage. The average length of hospital stay was 18.1 days, and 40 patients required ICU care. Conclusion: Of the 94 patients who were admitted from penetrating torso injury, no patient was injured from firearm. Overall mortality rate was 6.4%. In our hospital, firearm injury was relative rare.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1984

우리나라산(전남 강진 및 경남 금해시)미꾸리에서 이전고무극구흡충(Echinostoma cinetorchis)의 피낭유충을 처음으로 검출하고 횐쥐에 감염시킨 후 성충을 얻어 종을 확인하였다. 또, 미꾸리의 피낭유충 감염상황과 횐쥐에서의 간단한 발육과정을 관찰하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 미꾸리 46마리중 5마리 (10.9%)에서 담낭유충이 검출되었고 감염된 미꾸리당 감염대은 평균 34.4개이었다. 피낭유충은 미꾸리의 후복벽에서만 발견되었다. 2. 실험감염 횐쥐에서 감염 6∼28일까지 총 충체회수률은 24.6%이었으며 감염기간이 길어짐에 따라 회수률은 감소되었다. 3. 충체는 두증과 두련(37∼38개)이 뚜렷하고 고환이 이전하거나 소실되는 점으로 보아 E. sinetorchis Ando et Ozaki, 1923로 동정되었다. 4. 충체의 발육은 감염6일부터 10일 사이에 가장현저하였으며 이 기간중 특히 생식기관의 발육이 비생식기관에 비해 빠르고 현저하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 우리나라에서 미꾸리가 이전고구극구흡충의 제이중간숙주 역할을 하고 있음이 입증되었고 실험적으로 얻은 성충의 형태에서 고구의 이전 또는 소실이 종의 특성임이 재확인되었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

Nowadays many kinds of foreign breed horse and Korean native Cheju horse are raised in Korea. Horse has complicated structure and function to maintain normal health, and to overcome severe condition during gallop at full speed. Sometimes the disease take a bad turn becuase of difficulty of correct diagnosis for horse disease. In recent times, horse farm for fattening and reproduction is gradually increasing. However, thoracic disease and abdominal disease are frequently occuring by defect in raising management. But the diagnosis of these kinds of disease is difficult by former diagnostic method. Ultrasonographic diagnostic method is a method to slove the problem. In abroad, nowadays ultrasonography has been reported for circulatory organs and abdomonal organs in horse, cattle, sheep, and dog, and the importance of ultrasonographic diagnosis is recognized in veterinary clinical medicine. In the country, ultrasonography of Korean native goat, cattle and dog was recently reported, but there was no report for the ultrasonography of horse. So, ultrasonogram for the thyroid glands, jugular vein and carotid artery was evaluated in Cheju horse and Thoroughbred horse. Thyroid gland, jugular vein and carotid artery were determined on both sides of neck. The length of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 54.8, 45.1, 46.1 and 42.2 mm, respectively. The width of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 18.1, 14.3, 14.6 and 14.2 mm, respectively. The height of right thyroid lobe at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 27.3, 25.6, 26.2 and 25.5 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the left thyroid gland. The internal diameter of left jugular vein at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 10.6, 9.7, 10.5 and 9.2 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the right jugular vein. The internal diameter of right carotid artery at the Thoroughbred horse, Thoroughbred foul, Cheju horse and Cheju foul were 9.5, 8.8, 9.1 and 8.5 mm, respectively. Similar ultrasonographic measurements were obtained for the left carotid artery. It is concluded that the ultrasonographic values of this study provides references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the thyroid gland, jugular vein and carotid artery in Korean native Cheju horse and Thoroughbred horse.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2024

Objective: ¹⁷⁷Lutetium [Lu] Ludotadipep is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting therapeutic agent with an albumin motif added to increase uptake in the tumors. We assessed the biodistribution and dosimetry of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: Data from 25 patients (median age, 73 years; range, 60-90) with mCRPC from a phase I study with activity escalation design of single administration of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep (1.85, 2.78, 3.70, 4.63, and 5.55 GBq) were assessed. Activity in the salivary glands, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen was estimated from whole-body scan and abdominal SPECT/CT images acquired at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after administration of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep. Red marrow activity was calculated from blood samples obtained at 3, 10, 30, 60, and 180 min, and at 24, 48, and 72 h after administration. Organand tumor-based absorbed dose calculations were performed using IDAC-Dose 2.1. Results: Absorbed dose coefficient (mean ± standard deviation) of normal organs was 1.17 ± 0.81 Gy/GBq for salivary glands, 0.05 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq for lungs, 0.14 ± 0.06 Gy/GBq for liver, 0.77 ± 0.28 Gy/GBq for kidneys, 0.12 ± 0.06 Gy/GBq for spleen, and 0.07 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq for red marrow. The absorbed dose coefficient of the tumors was 10.43 ± 7.77 Gy/GBq. Conclusion: [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep is expected to be safe at the dose of 3.7 GBq times 6 cycles planned for a phase II clinical trial with kidneys and bone marrow being the critical organs, and shows a high tumor absorbed dose.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2012

목 적: 호흡에 의한 장기의 움직임이 큰 흉부와 상복부에 위치한 종양의 토모테라피 치료 시 움직임을 최소화하기 위해 노력으로 호흡 조절 시스템을 적용하지만 여러 제약이 따라 이용이 제한적이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토모테라피 치료 시 효율적인 호흡 조절을 위한 ABCHES system의 적용 가능성 및 유용성을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 흉부와 상복부에 위치한 폐와 간, 쓸개, 췌장에 토모테라피 치료를 받은 5명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자에게 ABCHES를 사용하여 자유 호흡법과 얕은 호흡법을 각각 교육한 후 치료 계획용 4D-CT를 실시하여 총 10개의 4차원 단층촬영영상을 획득 하였다. 한명의 전공의는 각 영상의 최대 흡기, 최대 호기, 호흡의 중간 위상, Average CT이미지에서 육안적으로 보이는 종양과 주변 정상장기를 그렸으며 MIM에서 선량체적 히스토그램과 종양의 움직임에 대한 정량적 분석을 실시하였다. 자유 호흡과 얕은 호흡 상태에서 장기의 움직임은 총 여섯 방향에서 평가하였고 주변 장기에 조사된 방사선량을 비교하였다. 결 과: 5명의 환자 중 호흡 조절 장치인 ABCHES를 이용하여 자유 호흡과 얕은 호흡 상태에서 장기의 움직임이 5 mm 이상 움직인 호흡은 자유 호흡이 12번인 반면 얕은 호흡에서는 2번으로 감소되었다. 선량 체적 히스토그램을 통한 비교 분석 결과 두 호흡간 치료 체적과 종양조직 주변 정상 장기 2개의 평균 선량 값과 정상조직에 방사선이 조사되는 용적에서 ABCHES를 이용한 얕은 호흡이 자유 호흡에 비해 모두 낮은 치료 결과 값을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결 론: ABCHES를 사용하여 규칙적이고 정확한 얕은 호흡을 함으로써 토모테리피 치료 시 유용성과 호흡에 따른 종양의 움직임을 최소화 할 수 있음을 확인 하였고, 주변 정상조직에 불필요하게 조사되는 방사선을 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between cattle breeds and deposit of adipose tissues in different positions and the gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), which are associated with lipid metabolism and are valuable for understanding the physiology in fat depot and meat quality. Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle reared under the same conditions display different fat proportions in the carcass. To understand this difference, the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$, FASN, and ACADM in different adipose tissues and longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) in these two breeds were analyzed using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). The result showed that $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in LD in both breeds. $PPAR{\gamma}$ expression was also higher in abdominal fat, in perirenal fat than in the subcutaneous fat (p<0.05) in Yanbian yellow cattle, and was significantly higher in subcutaneous fat in Yan yellow cattle than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. On the other hand, FASN mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat in Yan yellow cattle were significantly higher than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. Interestingly, ACADM gene shows greater fold changes in LD than in adipose tissues in Yan yellow cattle. Furthermore, the expressions of these three genes in lung, colon, kidney, liver and heart of Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle were also investigated. The results showed that the highest expression levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and FASN genes were detected in the lung in both breeds. The expression of ACADM gene in kidney and liver were higher than that in other organs in Yanbian yellow cattle, the comparison was not statistically significant in Yan yellow cattle.