• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.287-307
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• 2013

One cat caused a big wave in Russian literature. This cat revived the heroine of Russian classics. Her light breath was scattered in the world, in the cloudy sky and in the cold spring wind about one hundred years ago. And the cat gave an opportunity of turning to Russian classics to Russian readers. Thanks to this cat, a Russian dreamer changed his typical thinking, as well as many ordinary readers start to read works of creator of this wonderful cat. Pelevin accomplished these works with one cat, which he has made. Of course "Nika" is not only caused to make readers to return to Russian classics. I think, the cat and "Nika" are the symbols of writer's purpose in Russian literature. In this study the understanding of "Nika" is following the steps of realization of writer's purpose. In the second chapter it is analyzed to the textual relationship between "Nika" and "Light breath". Apart from existing analyses to be emphasized the succession of thematic aspect of two works as well. Existence of observers to each heroine stress this succession of thematic aspect of two works. In the third chapter it is analyzed the use of technique of mystification in "Nika". This intentional use of mystification has been demanded to read a "Nika" from another point of view(internal speculation of hero-narrator). The purpose of writer was to expose the cognitive error of a human being. I think this purpose was effectively explained by Pelevin's Buddhist world view which was introduced in his several works.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.537-550
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• 2019

To analyze the observation environment of solar radiation stations operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), we analyzed the skyline, Sky View Factor (SVF), and solar radiation due to the surrounding topography and artificial structures using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), 3D camera, and solar radiation model. Solar energy shielding of 25 km around the station was analyzed using 10 m resolution DEM data and the skyline elevation and SVF were analyzed by the surrounding environment using the image captured by the 3D camera. The solar radiation model was used to assess the contribution of the environment to solar radiation. Because the skyline elevation retrieved from the DEM is different from the actual environment, it is compared with the results obtained from the 3D camera. From the skyline and SVF calculations, it was observed that some stations were shielded by the surrounding environment at sunrise and sunset. The topographic effect of 3D camera is therefore more than 20 times higher than that of DEM throughout the year for monthly accumulated solar radiation. Due to relatively low solar radiation in winter, the solar radiation shielding is large in winter. Also, for the annual accumulated solar radiation, the difference of the global solar radiation calculated using the 3D camera was 176.70 MJ (solar radiation with 7 days; suppose daily accumulated solar radiation 26 MJ) on an average and a maximum of 439.90 MJ (solar radiation with 17.5 days).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.73-73
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• 2014

Several geometrical models (e.g., cone and flux rope models) have been suggested to infer 3-D parameters of CMEs using multi-view observations (STEREO/SECCHI) and single-view observations (SOHO/LASCO). To prepare for when only single view observations are available, we have made a test whether the cone model parameters from single-view observations are consistent with those from multi-view ones. For this test, we select 35 CMEs which are identified as CMEs, whose angular widths are larger than 180 degrees, by one spacecraft and as limb CMEs by the other ones. For this we use SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI data during the period from 2010 December to 2011 July when two spacecraft were separated by $90{\pm}10$ degrees. In this study, we compare 3-D parameters of these CMEs from three different methods: (1) a triangulation method using the STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO data, (2) a Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) flux rope model using the STEREO/SECCHI data, and (3) an ice cream cone model using the SOHO/LASCO data. The parameters used for comparison are radial velocities, angular widths and source location (angle ${\gamma}$ between the propagation direction and the plan of the sky). We find that the radial velocities and the ${\gamma}$-values from three methods are well correlated with one another (CC > 0.8). However, angular widths from the three methods are somewhat different. The correlation coefficients are relatively not good (CC > 0.4). We also find that the correlation coefficients between the locations from the three methods and the active region locations are larger than 0.9, implying that most of the CMEs are radially ejected.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

In this research, we have performed a T-test to see how the relationship between dependent variable or visual point level and independent variable or visual quantity is in order to clear up the correlation between pattern of visual point and visual quantity by the constituents of a view from a different visual point level and the results are as follows: 1) In case of the character of Mt. Uam landscape of the city, Uamsan is set as a fixed point and about a direction of view(D), the north is a datum point from which the range of direction is distributed within 1800 westwardly and the visual range(R) is also within 2000m. An elevation is an average of 7.40 and the average story of the buildings is 3.85. Here the height of a story is about 4m so the average of the visual point difference is estimated at 15.4m. 2) The type of visual point is divided into the intersection group and the front of the highly used public buildings group. Double intersection types account for about 78.80%(52 spots) which forms a majority part of LCP. 3) The analysis of the difference of visual point level divided by eye level and that of the top of the buildings has been proved that there's a sharp difference resulted from t-test at 1 % significant level. The significant difference of elevation from height difference(l5.93m), however, has not been shown. 4) From the result of T-test about visual quantity by the elements of a view from a different visual point level, the visual quantity of mountain(VQM), sky(VQS), ground(VQG) is significant at about 1% each and that of building(VQB) is at about 5%. The difference in visual quantity of a mountain by the visual point level is at about 4% which can meet a marginal level of LCP necessary for evaluation of mountainscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 2003

The Hemi-sphere projection method produces an image that includes all surrounding visual landscape from a view point. This characteristic can solve the problem of perspective method that has only a limited view angle, and thus can be a potentially effective method for the analysis of visual landscape. This study tried to adopt the hemi-sphere projection method in the evaluation of streetscape, and examined its effectiveness and possibilities. Computer animations using the perspective method and the hemi-sphere method were produced for Bang-Hak Ro, Seoul, and the kames of the animations were reclassed to identify the visibility ratio of physical elements(buildings, sky and mountains). A preference questionnaire was given to 51 university students, and the relationships between the visibility ratio and visual preference were analyzed. The results showed that visual preference of streetscape can be explained by three factors: Openness, Uniformity, and Variousness, accounting for 63.2% of the total variance, and among which Openness showed the highest proportion at 32.1％. The visibility ratio calculated by the hemi-sphere method yielded strong correlation coefficients with Openness, and it was much higher than with the perspective method. The hemi-sphere method also produced significant correlation coefficients about Uniformity and Variousness, but the perspective method could not. The results demonstrated that the hemi-sphere method can provide more accurate observation of visual changes, and that it can be an effective method for the analysis of streetscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.48-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was not only to clearly examine the features of the scenery and visual elements of Oreum (parasitic cones) but also to investigate primary factors in landscape preferences for these cones. This study further attempted to gain basic information for examining the preservation of Oreum in regards to the influence of scenery on the general public. A Multiple Regression Analysis was used for this study for which the independent variable was the area ratio of the fore-, mid-, and background of the view under the feature element and the structure of the scenery at the Oreum. The dependent variables were the preference value, the number of summits, and the highest altitude of the Oreum. All but the highest inclination were positive variables. The area ratio of the Oreum was found to be the most important variable. The area of sky and the area of the distant scenery were shown to be positive explanation variables, while the area to the fore of the view and the area to the middle of the view were shown as negative explanation variable. In the preference for Oreum scenery, which has a high visibility and is clearly outlined against the skyline, it was found that as the hindrance element of visibility near to a visual point or the area ratio increased, the preference for the Oreum scenery decreased.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

This study employed the Semantic Differential(SD) technique for an empirical analysis of the borrowed landscape-the so-called interaction of landscape between space and nature-in traditional Korean space against the cultural backdrop of confucian ideology. Its findings are as follows: First, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the borrowed landscape between Sarangchae(Men's quarters) and Anchae(Women's quarters) and between Soteuldaemun(A lofty gate) and Sadangdaemun(A gate to an ancestral shrine), using the SD technique. Consequently, their marked distinction in the borrowed landscape were found to illustrate the influence of confucian ideology over spatial composition. Second, both the garden and the sky of Sarangchae appeared more open and dynamic, and soft, and comfortable, and warm compared to Anchae. Also, Soteuldaemun looked more open and dynamic than Sadangdaemun. In conclusion, traditional Korean space applies a monistic view of the world to nature and human beings, thereby embodying a philosophical and aesthetic space where humans enjoy their life in harmony with nature while playing with the landscape in a traditional space.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1993-1998
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to develop highly efficient RC ornithopter 'Songgolmae' powered by motor and battery. Designed electric ornithopter weighs 277 grams and has 3 channels radio control. 1t runs on an electric motor by a lithium polymer battery and has a gear ratio of about $75{\sim}95$ to 1 to flap its 88 cm wingspan. The aerodynamic performance of the ornithopter, applied to a flapping motion only, was validated by flight tests. Flight times have exceeded 23 minutes until the battery was used up. The flight test results indicate that the ornithopter developed here has sufficient thrust to propel itself in a forward flight. From the economical point of view and the handling of the RC ornithopter, it can be said that the developed robot ornithopter is an effective RC ornithopter. This radio controlled ornithopter flies its way high into the sky just like a real bird flies.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

As many architects and visionaries have shown over a period spanning more than a century, the re-creation of the urban realm in the sky through connections between buildings at height has a vast potential for the enrichment of our cities. To many it seems nonsensical that, although the $20^{th}$ and now $21^{st}$ century, have clearly seen a push towards greater height and urban density in our major urban centers, the ground-pavement level remains almost exclusively the sole physical plane of connection. As the world rapidly urbanizes, greater thought needs to be expended on how horizontal space can be developed at height. This paper briefly describes the history, present classifications and uses, and potential future development potential of skybridges between tall buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2007

As a basic element of Jeju landscape, Oreum offers a beautiful and aesthetic view. Considering topographical and geological research achievements, however, an effort to discover implicit value in terms of landscape characteristics and value has been ignored. This paper has investigated the characteristics and value of landscape by Oreum focusing on Jeju landscape characteristics and eco-touristic value and discussed a scheme to maximize the values. Under a theme of 'Sustainable Development' of the RIO Declaration, tour industry has recently changed its focus from eco-tourism to gee-tourism. Fortunately, Jeju Oreum has very distinctive and unique landscape with depressed crater at a crest. Nevertheless, it's very difficult to see a true aspect of Oreum from the street or over the car window. Therefore, it's urgent to begin a research on how to make advantage of and preserve Oreum landscape in order to maximize its landscape values and improve its potential as a tourist attraction. Through diverse programs such as sky leisure sports(ex: light airplane and helicopter riding, paragliding), sky watching, and mountain hiking, in particular, a possibility that Oreum can succeed as LBD(Learning by Doing)-based tour program with volcanic features needs to be examined. Besides, it's also a good idea to develop Oreum tour program or Oreum Museum as an alternative plan. Above all, however, it's most urgent to protect the existing Oreum and restore ecological and landscape beauty of Oreum through proper land use.