• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2009

Background: Endobronchial ultrasonogram (EBUS) has increased the diagnostic yield of a bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). This study evaluated the diagnostic yield of EBUS-guided transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and the visibility of EBUS PPL. Methods: Between August 2007 and November 2008, 50 patients (32 men and 18 women, median age, 61.1${\pm}$10 yrs; range, 16 to 80 yrs) whose PPL lesions could not be detected with flexible bronchoscopy were enrolled in this study. Among the 50 patients, 40 cases were malignant lesions (adenocarcinoma 25, squamous cell carcinoma 10, small cell carcinoma 5) and 10 cases were benign lesions (tuberculoma 7, fungal ball 1, other inflammation 2). Results: The mean diameter of the target lesion was 35.4${\pm}$4.3 mm. Of the 50 patients examined, the overall diagnostic yield by EBUS-TBLB was 46.0% (23/50). The visualization yield of EBUS was 66.0% (33/50). A definitive diagnosis of PPL localized by EBUS was established using EBUS-TBLB in 69.6% (23/33) of cases. The diagnostic yields from washing cytology and brushing cytology from a bronchus identified by EBUS were 27.0% and 45.4% respectively. The diagnostic yields reached 78.7% when the three tests (washing cytology, brushing cytology and EBUS-TBLB) were combined. The visualization yield of EBUS in lesions <20 mm was significantly lower than that in lesions ${\geq}$20 mm (p=0.04). The presence of a bronchus leading to a lesion (open bronchus sign) on the chest CT scan was associated with a high visualization yield on EBUS (p=0.001). There were no significant complications associated with EBUS-TBLB. Conclusion: EBUS-TBLB is a safe and effective method for diagnosing PPL. The lesion size and open bronchus signs are significant factors for predicting the visualization of EBUS.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1848-1852
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• 2003

Generally, burrs refer to projected parts remained on the edge after material had been processed. These burrs decrease the precision of part and cause many problems in part assembly. Burrs are undesirable projections of the material beyond the edge of the workpiece. A number of deburring processes have been developed such as barreling, brushing, chemical methods etc. But, there are a few publications in the area of applying ultrasonics to deburring. When ultrasonic vibration propagates in the liquid medium, a large number of bubbles are formed. These bubbles generate an extremely strong force, which removes burrs. Cavitations were used as a term to describe erosion of parts caused by the action of cavities in liquid. The object of this study is to analyze the effects of ultrasonic cavitation in deburring process. For this purpose, we introduce a new ultrasonic cavitation method with abrasive, which efficiently removes the burrs. Experimental parameters to verify the deburring effects of ultrasonic cavitations are ultrasonic power, amplitude, distant of the transducer from the workpiece, deburring time and abrasive. It has been shown that deburring with ultrasonic cavitation in water is effective to burrs.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1798-1803
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• 2003

Surface and edge finishing processes are important technological operations of in parts machining. Quality of the finished parts directly affect the performance of the whole product. Especially, edge quality, which depends on burr control, is extremely important. Burrs are undesirable projections of the material beyond the edge of the workpiece. A number of deburring processes have been developed such as barreling, brushing, chemical methods etc. But, there are only few publications in the area of applying ultrasonics to deburring. When ultrasonic vibration propagates in the liquid medium, a large number of bubbles are formed. These bubbles generate an extremely strong force, which can be used to remove burrs. Cavitation is used as a term to describe the erosion of parts caused by the action of cavities in liquid. The object of this study is to analyze the effects of ultrasonic cavitation in the deburring process. For this purpose, we introduce a new ultrasonic cavitation method, which efficiently removes the burrs. Experimental parameters to verify the deburring effects of ultrasonic cavitations are ultrasonic power, amplitude, distant of the transducer from the workpiece, deburring time and abrasive. It has been shown that deburring with ultrasonic cavitation in water is effective to burrs.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

직접메탄올 연료전지 (DMFC)의 핵심 구성 요소 중에서 하나는 고분자 전해질막과 촉매층 (연료극과 공기극)으로 구성된 전해질/전극 접합체 (MEA)이다. 그중에서 촉매층은 브러싱법, 전시법, 스프레이 코팅법, 스크린 프린팅법과 같은 다양한 방법을 사용하여 carbon paper나 carbon cloth등과 같은 전극 지지체 위에 코팅한다. 그러나 이러한 촉매 코팅방법들은 전극 지지체 위에 촉매를 균일한 두께로 코팅하기 어렵고, 촉매의 손실이 많으며, 또한 코팅 시간이 많이 필요하다는 단점들이 있다. 본 연구에서는 DMFC용 MEA의 전극층을 바코팅 방법 (bar-coating method)을 사용하여 한 번에 원하는 양의 촉매가 코팅되도록 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조한 전극 촉매층 표면과 단면의 형태를 SEM을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 제조한 MEA의 성능과 저항은 단위전지와 임피던스 분석기를 사용하여 측정하였다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.109-132
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• 1989

I studied the problems of the field practice of nursing student teacher for school nurse from March, 1986 to April, 1989 at several primary schools of Wonju City. The Significant problems on the field practice and the results of questionnaire research were summarized as follows: 1. Suggestion of educational goal(both physical and mental aspect rather than only physical aspect as concept of health and disease changes. 2. A need of change in educational organization of school nurse: unify the two educational organization (junior college of 3yrs and college of 4yrs) by raisin g junior college to regular college status of 4yrs_ 3. Experience of questionnaire research for health problem in field practice(such as questionnaire research for detection of the problem of emotion and physical and mental status and a case report of effective training method of teeth brushing in children). 4. The improvement of school facilities for better child health education by the educational practice in primary school. 5. The educational goals for new roles of school nurse: 1) Role in exact recognizing the school health problem. 2) Role in dealing with mental problem. 3) Role in organized activity. 6. Improvement of educational act for activating teachers' role.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2017

Micro fuel cells have high reliability and long usage time. Among them, PEMFC (polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) is suitable as a portable power source because it is easy to fix electrolyte and simple structure. The bipolar plate, a key component of the fuel cell, is produced by cutting. In the case of micro fuel cell separator, burr is very small and the flow channel size in the separator is very small. Therefore, it is difficult to remove burrs in the usual way such as a brushing or ultra-sonic method. Therefore, this study proposed electrolytic polishing process and analyzed the characteristics of each condition by introducing the concept of roughness reduction rate. In addition, the ultrasonic process was added to analyze the effect of ultrasonic addition.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.305-317
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the improvement of dental care service for patient care. Methods: The survey period was from December 10, 2018 to June 10, 2019. The subjects were 180 patients who were treated with dental implant in 20 dental hospitals and clinics in Daejeon and Gyeonggi province. A total of 145 questionnaires were analyzed except for 35 copies which were unreliable or difficult to analyze. Results: The most important care method for prolonging the life time of dental implant prosthesis was the highest rate of correct brushing (39.4%), and a majority in the subjects used oral hygiene products (91.0%). With regard to discomfort after dental implant prosthesis, food particles between the teeth showed the highest response (49.7%), and discomfort with gum infections and bleeding and reduced mastication increased significantly with age (p<0.05), whereas feeling of irritation decreased significantly with age (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it approached the perception and discomfort of prosthesis from the patients' point of view. It needs to establish the basic data to improve dental treatment service for patient care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1998

Disease prevention and health promotions are basically needed to be healthy, health education is the most useful mean to accomplish them. Preschool children are being developped, their health problem can effect their health status through their lives. This study was attempted to survey for status of health education of kindergarten for preshoolers and to provide the basic precious data for nursing intervention. The subjects were 51 kidergarten teachers. The data were collected by the questionaires, which consiste of 25 items concerning daily life habits of children and 1 item concerning the problems of health education for preschoolers. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study are as folleowed ; 1. The most frequently educated subjects were 'adequate and safe play' and 'hand washing', 'walking and running straightly', 'oral hygiene or tooth brushing', 'walking staires'. 2. The most frequently used teaching method was the explaining. 3. The most frequently used instructional method was the pictures. The slide films and OHP was seldomly used media. 4. The most effective teaching method which perceived by the kindergarten teachers was role play . Discuss ion and compensation/reinforcement were comparatively effective method also. 5. The most effective instructional media which perceived by the kindergarten teachers was a real object/model. 6. The problems of health education for preschoolers were 'deficiency of developped health educational programs' and 'inconsistency between parents' education and kindergarten teachers' education', 'deficiency of instructional media'. The other problems were' the knowledge deficit of teachers themselves' and 'the difficulty of measure the effect of education', 'time deficit'. Conclusionally, we have to realize the health of children is the future of our health, and reinforce the health education for preschoolers to accomplish the disease prevention and health promotion.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2014

본 연구는 학교구강보건실을 운영하고 있는 초등학교 학생들의 구강보건지식과 교육효과를 알아보기 위하여 2013년 4월 11일부터 4월 30일까지 대전광역시 소재 초등학교 중 학교구강보건실 운영 3개교를 선정하여 4, 5, 6학년 재학생 326명의 자료를 SPSS ver. 12.0으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전체 학생의 구강보건지식 평균 점수를 성별로 비교한 결과 유의한 차이 없이 나타났다. 학년별 비교에서는 4학년($6.60{\pm}1.52$), 5학년($6.89{\pm}1.43$), 6학년($7.49{\pm}1.19$) 순으로 상급학년이 될수록 구강건강지식 점수가 높게 나타나 학년별 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 학년에 따른 구강보건지식의 차이를 문항별로 살펴본 결과 적절한 칫솔질 시간(p=0.011), 치주질환 증상(p<0.001), 치주질환 예방법(p=0.020), 그리고 올바른 칫솔질 방법(p<0.001) 등에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학교구강보건실에서 받은 처치에서 성별에 따라 치아우식병(p=0.015)과 치은염(p=0.044)에서는 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났고, 칫솔질 방법(회전법)에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p=0.001). 학년에 따른 차이는 치아우식병에서 4학년이 38.8%, 5학년이 55.1%, 6학년이 6.1%로 유의한 차이가 확인되었다(p=0.004). 학교구강보건실에서 교육 후 칫솔질 방법 변화는 성별(p=0.022)과 학년별(p=0.001)에 따라 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에서는 남학생의 71.1%가 칫솔질 교육 후에도 태도변화 없이 자유롭게 칫솔질을 하는 것으로 나타나 여학생의 28.9%보다 높게 나타났다. 학년별로는 4학년 43.9%, 5학년 37.2%, 6학년 18.9%의 학생이 칫솔질 교육 후 회전법으로 칫솔질을 하는 것으로 응답하여 저학년일수록 교육 후 실천하는 태도변화가 많은 것으로 나타나 학년별 특성을 고려한 효과적인 칫솔질 교육프로그램에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것이라 생각한다. 결론적으로 초등학교 학교구강보건사업의 다양한 프로그램 중 발치, 치아 홈 메우기, 불소도포 등은 전문가가 직접시술하게 되므로 안정적인 효과를 기대할 수 있으나, 바른 칫솔질 교육, 구강건강지식 교육은 실시 후 초등학생의 이해 정도 및 실천 정도에 따라 교육의 효과에 차이가 크다. 따라서 학생들의 학년별 특성 등을 고려하여 차별화된 교육프로그램을 개발하여 확대 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

Many historical archives have been deteriorated by aging with time. Various kinds of defects such as worm-hole, yellowing, brittleness are observed and their severity was dependent on raw material type, storage condition, and so on. For a long-term use and storage, a proper preservation treatment is required. Many studies on preservation and conservation have been carried out on hanji which was made from mulberry fiber, but there are few concerns on foreign paper. Therefore, aging and chemical strengthening treatment was done on paper made of bamboo and wood fibers depending on aging condition, the type and pickup weight of chemicals and treatment method. When methyl cellulose was treated with impregnation or brushing, the aged paper was strengthened effectively. The strengthening effect by chemicals was dependent on the aged condition of the paper.