• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.447-459
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• 1995

A fundamental problem is to construct linear systems with given transfer functions. This problem has a well known solution for unitary linear systems whose state spaces and coefficient spaces are Hilbert spaces. The solution is due independently to B. Sz.-Nagy and C. Foias [15] and to L. de Branges and J. Ball and N. Cohen [4]. Such a linear system is essentially uniquely determined by its transfer function. The de Branges-Rovnyak construction makes use of the theory of square summable power series with coefficients in a Hilbert space. The construction also applies when the coefficient space is a Krein space [7].

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

A class of new observers in descriptor linear systems, proportional-derivative(PD) observers, are proposed. A parametric design approach for such observers is proposed based on a complete parametric solution to the generalized Sylvester matrix equation. The approach provides complete parameterizations for all the observer gains, gives the parametric expression for the corresponding left eigenvector matrix of the observer system matrix, realizes elimination of impulsive behaviors, and guarantees the regularity of the observer system.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

The main design factors which effect on operating speed of linear actuator for valve operation are mass of plunger, electromagnetic motive force, inductance, and return spring, and these factors are not independent but related with each other in view point of design and electromagnetic theory. It is impossible to increase the operating speed by only change the value of any one design factor. The change of any one value results in change of any value related it in various design factors. This paper presents a speed increasing method of linear actuator using a solenoid design method by some governing equations which are composed of electromagnetic theory and empirical knowledge and permanent magnets as assistant material, and proved the propriety by experiments.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.560-570
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• 1999

This paper formulates the suboptimal robust Kalman filtering problem into two coupled Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) problems by applying Lyapunov theory to the augmented system which is composed of the state equation in the uncertain linear system and the estimation error dynamics. This formulations not only provide the sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired filter, but also construct the suboptimal robust Kalman filter. The proposed filter can guarantee the optimized upper bound of the estimation error variance for uncertain systems with parametric uncertainties in both the state and measurement matrices. In addition, this paper shows how the problem of finding the minimizing solution subject to Quadratic Matrix Inequality (QMI), which cannot be easily transformed into LMI using the usual Schur complement formula, can be successfully modified into a generic LMI problem.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2019

This article is concerned with the investigation of geometrically non-linear vibration response of refined thick porous nanobeams. To this end, non-local theory of elasticity has been adopted to provide the nanobeam formulation. Voids or pores can affect the material characteristics of the nanobeam. So, their effects have been considered in this research and also there are various void distributions. The closed form solution of the non-linear problem has been used that is adopted from previous articles. Then, it is focused on the impacts of non-local field, void distribution, void amount and geometrical properties on non-linear vibrational characteristic of a nano-size beam.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.547-567
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• 2013

Nonlinear behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) plates under thermal loads is investigated here using an efficient sinusoidal shear deformation theory. The displacement field is chosen based on assumptions that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, and the shear components of in-plane displacements give rise to the sinusoidal distribution of transverse shear stress through the thickness in such a way that shear stresses vanish on the plate surfaces. Therefore, there is no need to use shear correction factor. Unlike the conventional sinusoidal shear deformation theory, the proposed efficient sinusoidal shear deformation theory contains only four unknowns. The material is graded in the thickness direction and a simple power law based on the rule of mixture is used to estimate the effective material properties. The neutral surface position for such FGM plates is determined and the sinusoidal shear deformation theory based on exact neutral surface position is employed here. There is no stretching-bending coupling effect in the neutral surface-based formulation, and consequently, the governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded plates based on neutral surface have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. The non-linear strain-displacement relations are also taken into consideration. The thermal loads are assumed as uniform, linear and non-linear temperature rises across the thickness direction. Closed-form solutions are presented to calculate the critical buckling temperature, which are useful for engineers in design. Numerical results are presented for the present efficient sinusoidal shear deformation theory, demonstrating its importance and accuracy in comparison to other theories.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2004

This paper proposed and analyzed the Serial Piston Actuator(SPA) by using mechanical spring system coupled with linear actuator though the simplified structure which was verified practical experiments. The input voltage characteristics of a linear actuator are analyzed on the structure of the Linear Actuator Model System. Simulation and experimental result have been performed for the verification of the proposed system and the voltage characteristics applied to a actuator winding by electromechanical energy conversion theory. This paper proposed and analyzed the Linear Actuator Model(LAM) by using Matlab program with linear actuator was verified computer simulation based on the energy conversion theory.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.751-766
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• 2004

This paper extends the use of the hierarchic degenerated shell element to geometric non-linear analysis of composite laminated skew plates by the p-version of the finite element method. For the geometric non-linear analysis, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with moderately large displacement and small strain being accounted for in the sense of von Karman hypothesis. The present model is based on equivalent-single layer laminate theory with the first order shear deformation including a shear correction factor of 5/6. The integrals of Legendre polynomials are used for shape functions with p-level varying from 1 to 10. A wide variety of linear and non-linear results obtained by the p-version finite element model are presented for the laminated skew plates as well as laminated square plates. A numerical analysis is made to illustrate the influence of the geometric non-linear effect on the transverse deflections and the stresses with respect to width/depth ratio (a/h), skew angle (${\beta}$), and stacking sequence of layers. The present results are in good agreement with the results in literatures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.313-335
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• 2016

In this article, a four-variable refined plate theory is presented for buckling analysis of functionally graded plates subjected to uniform, linear and non-linear temperature rises across the thickness direction. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. Young's modulus and Poisson ratio of the FGM plates are assumed to remain constant throughout the entire plate. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the FGM plate varies according to a power law form through the thickness coordinate. Equilibrium and stability equations are derived based on the present theory. The influences of many plate parameters on buckling temperature difference such ratio of thermal expansion, aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and gradient index will be investigated.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Prestressed concrete I-girders are subject to different load types at their construction stages. At the time of strand release, i.e., detensioning, prestressed concrete girders are under the effect of dead and prestressing loads. At this stage, the camber, total net upward deflection, of prestressed girder is summation of the upward deflection due to the prestressing force and the downward deflection due to dead loads. For the calculation of the upward deflection, it is generally considered that prestressed concrete I-girder behaves linear-elastic. However, the field measurements on total net upward deflection of prestressed I-girder after detensioning show contradictory results. In this paper, camber calculations with the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are presented. One of a typical precast I-girder with 120 cm height and 31.5 m effective span length is selected as a case study. 3D finite element model (FEM) of the girder is developed by SAP2000 software, and the deflections of girder are obtained from linear and nonlinear-static analyses. Only geometric nonlinearity is taken into account. The material test and field measurement of this study are performed at prestressing girder plant. The results of the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are compared with FEM results and field measurements. It is seen that the camber predicted by elastic-stability theory gives acceptable results than the linear-elastic beam theory while strand releasing.