• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2017

Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), a dibenzopyrone derivative, was isolated from Alternaria brassicae along with altertoxin II (ATX-II). The compounds were tested for the inhibitory activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which catalyzes neurotransmitting monoamines. AME was found to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of human MAO-A with an $IC_{50}$ value of $1.71{\mu}M$; however, it was found to be ineffective for MAO-B inhibition. ATX-II was not effective for the inhibition of either MAO-A or MAO-B. The inhibition of MAO-A using AME was apparently instantaneous. MAO-A activity was almost completely recovered after the dilution of the inhibited enzyme with an excess amount of AME, suggesting AME is a reversible inhibitor. AME showed mixed inhibition for MAO-A in Lineweaver-Burk plots with a $K_i$ value of $0.34{\mu}M$. The findings of this study suggest that microbial metabolites and dibenzopyrone could be potent MAO inhibitors. In addition, AME could be a useful lead compound for developing reversible MAO-A inhibitors to treat depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.830-836
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• 2003

The classical energy balance method was used to measure the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of four batches of broiler starter and finisher diets produced by two commercial feed companies. The results showed there was little variation in protein content between batches, but NDF content varied from 13.3% to 15.5% between batches of diet. The batch variation in chemical composition differed between feed manufacturers. While there was no difference in AME and feed conversion ration (FCR) between batches of starter diets produced by company A, FCR and AME ranged from 1.76-1.94 (p<0.001) and 11.38-11.90 MJ/kg air dry (p<0.05), respectively, for diets produced by company B. Similar results were found in a second experiment. There was no difference in AME, dry matter digestibility (DMD) and FCR between batches for finishing diet produced by company B, but a large variation occurred for the finisher diets from company A (p<0.01), where the ranges of FCR, AME and DMD were 1.95-2.30, 10.5-12.3 (MJ/kg air dry) and 58-68%, respectively. FCR was correlated with AME. AME was negatively related to the content of fibre in the diet, but positively related to DMD. The preliminary results based on 24 samples showed that near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has the potential to predict FCR, intake, AME and DMD of commercial broiler diets, with $R^2$ being 0.93, 0.89, 0.95 and 0.98, respectively. The standard error of cross validation was below 0.2 for AME and only 0.06 for FCR.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.936-939
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• 1996

In this paper, two specially designed associative mapping memories, called Associative Mapping Elements(AME) and Multiple-Digit Overlapping AME(MDO-AME), are presented for learning of nonlinear functions including kinematics and dynamics of robot manipulators. The proposed associative mapping memories consist of associative mapping rules(AMR) and weight update rules(WUR) which guarantee generalization and specialization of input-output relationship of learned nonlinear functions. Two simulation results, one for supervised learning and the other for unsupervised learning, are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed associative mapping memories.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of Allium monanthum MAX. (AME) on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100～150 g, were divided into 5 groups; normal group (NOR), AME 200 mg/kg treated group (S1), ethanol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S2), AME 200 mg/kg and ethanol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S3) and AME 400 mg/kg and alcohol (35%, 10 mL/kg) treated group (S4). AME was fractionated by the following solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, EtOAC and n-BuOH. Antioxidant index of the n-BuOH fraction was 600 ppm, highest among fractions. The growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were decreased by ethanol, but gradually increased to the corresponding level of the normal group by administering AME. The serum ALT activities that were elevated by ethanol were significantly decreased by AME administration. It was also observed that the hepatic activities of SOD, catalase, xanthine oxidase and GSH-Px that were increased by ethanol were also markedly decreased in the AME treated group with compared to ETB. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Allium monanthum MAX. may have a protective effect on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Armillaria mellea extract (AME) on immune modulation focused on anti-cancer activity. Methods : To prove the effects of AME, we performed NO assay, NK cytotoxicity assay and RT-PCR of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : AME increased NO production produced by macrophages in part. AME also enhanced the NK cell activities in destroying target cells (YAC-1 cells). AME up-regulated gene expression of IL-l, iNOS, TNF-a in RAW 264.7 cells and IL-l, IL-2, IFN-(equation omitted), TNF-a in splenocytes, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, we assumed that AME is a potential drug for anti-cancer by activation of the macrophages and NK cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the fermentation characteristics and storage of set-type yoghurt added mugwort extracts(AME) such as pH, growth of lactic acid bacteria, number of viable cells, viscosity, and sensory characteristics during 24 hours fermentation and 15 days storage. Addition of mugwort extracts was grown rapidly of lactic acid bacteria rather than that of control and also 4 or 8% AME groups were grown similar to control. The drop of AME pH of broth was less compared with control during incubation of lactic acid bacteria. The growth of lactic acid bacteria during incubation of AME yoghurt was not different of viable cell count between AME group and control in beginning time, but the viable cell count of AME groups were increased depended opon addition quantity of AME in ending time. Addition of mugwort extracts was not affect on pH change during yoghurt fermentation and increased a lactic acid bacteria number as well as no effect of yoghurt fermentation in ending time. The viscosity of yoghurt was almost not changed 3 hours after yoghurt mix and increased rapidly 6 hours after yoghurt mix. Although control and 0.5% AME group showed maximum viscosity at 18 hours of fermentation, 1 and 2% AME group showed linear increase until 24 hours of fermentation. Mugwort did not affect pH and viable cel number of lactic acid bacteria during 15 days storage 24 hours after fermentation. Sensory evaluation of the AME yoghurt showed that flavour, texture and acid taste were not affected by addition of mugwort. However, the appearance and taste were dropped by addition of mugwort.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1984

본 시험의 기초사료의 에너지수준을 고정하고 단백질수준을 10%에서 30%까지 달리하여 rapid bioassay 방법과 true metabolizable energy(TME) bioassay 방법을 통해 옥수수와 대두백의 apparent metabolizable energy of Farrell (AM $E_{F}$ ), Corrected AM $E_{F}$ (AM $E_{FC}$ )와 AME, TME 가 AME, TME가 측정시 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음의 성적을 얻었다. 1. 기초사료의 AM $E_{F}$ 치는 각 처리간 현저한 유의차가 인정되었으나( P＜0.05) 옥수수와 대두박의 AM $E_{F}$ 치는 전처리간 유의차가 없었다(P＞0.05). 기초사료의 AM $E_{FC}$ 치는 처리간 유의성이 인정된( P＜0.05) 반면 옥수수는 유의차가 없었고(P＞0.05) 대두박은 20% crude protein(CP), 30% CP 처리는 타 처리와 비교시 현저히 낮았다( P＜0.05). 2. AM $E_{F}$ 와 AM $E_{FC}$ 측정시 섭취량은 일정치 못하여 단백섭취량도 처리간 뚜렷한 차가 없었다. 3. 기초사료 및 옥수수, 대두박의 AME가는 전처리간 현저한 차가 없었던(P＞0.05). 반면 TME가는 처리간 일정한 경향없이 유의차가 있었는데 (P＜0.05) 이는 metabolic fecal energy＋endogenous urinary energy(FEm＋UEe) 손실량이 개체마다 급이한 사료에 따라 차가 있었는데 기인한 것이었다. 4. 채분시간별 (24시간 이 30시간) 기초사료의 AME, TME치는 10, 15, 20% CP 수준에선 유의차(P＜0.05)가 인정되었지만 옥수수와 대두백의 AME, TME 치는 채분시간에 따라 영향 받지 않았다. 이는 단백수준에 상관없이 채분시간은 24시간으로 충분하다고 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2013

This study is a basic study on the development of functional substances involved in obesity prevention, lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Allium monanthum extracts (AME) were administered orally to obesity-induced rats, and their lipid-lowering, antioxidative and various types of biological effects related to the immune system were examined. Blood free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations decreased as the dose of AME increased. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations in the blood decreased as the dose of AME increased. The total cholesterol concentrations in the liver of the AME-treated groups were lower than the control group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive concentrations were lower in the plasma and liver of all AME-treated groups than the control group. Plasma AST and ALT activities did not show any significant differences among the treatment groups. IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 concentrations in the liver tended to decrease as the dose of AME increased. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10 concentrations did now show any significant differences compared to the control group. Lower expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, Apo-B and Apo-E genes were found in the AME-treated groups. Taken together, these results indicate that AME may show positive effects in lipid lowering, antioxidation and anti-inflammation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2017

본 연구는 그라비올라 잎 에탄올 추출물(AME)의 항염증 효과에 관하여 알아보기 위하여 LPS에 의해 유도되는 대식세포 염증모델에 AME를 병용 처리하여 다양한 염증매개인자들의 분비능 및 염증억제 기전에 관하여 알아보았다. LPS의 처리에 따라 염증반응이 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 AME를 병용 처리하였을 때, NO 및 염증성 cytokine(IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 $IL-1{\beta}$)의 분비능이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, AME의 처리에 따라 염증반응의 매개인자인 iNOS 및 COX-2 발현이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 항염증 활성의 기전에 관하여 분석한 결과 염증성 단백질 발현의 전사인자인 $NF-{\kappa}B$와 MAPKs 신호전달 경로 억제를 통하여 추출물의 항염증 활성이 나타난다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 결과를 통하여 AME의 처리는 염증반응의 전사인자인 $NF-{\kappa}B$의 발현을 조절함으로써 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현을 억제하고, 염증성 매개인자인 NO 및 cytokine(IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 $IL-1{\beta}$)의 분비를 억제한다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.680-683
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• 2001

The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and N-corrected ME (AMEn) of deoiled rice bran (DORB) were determined with adult quails at 6 and 10- week of age. The DORB obtained from two types of extraction process, Batch (DORB-B) and the Continuous (DORB-C), was each included in a practical type of the reference diet at 20 or 40% level. The analysed crude protein, ether extract, total ash, calcium, phosphorus, glucose and starch content of DORB-B and DORB-C were found at 19.0, 0.79, 17.05, 0.11, 1.92, 2.3, 11.22, and 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16, 19.0, respectively. The level of inclusion of DORB in diet appeared to exert a significant effect on the AME and AMEn values. When bioassayed at 20% inclusion level the DORB was found to have a significantly (p<0.01) lower value than that obtained at 40% inclusion level. However, no significant effect of age of quails on the AME values of DORB was evident. The ME bioassays with quails gave significantly (p<0.01) higher AME values for DORB-C than DORB-B thereby indicating that the continuous system of solvent extraction of rice bran is superior to the batch system from this point of view. The AME value of DORB predicted from its chemical composition also revealed that the DORB-C contained approximately 15% more energy than that in DORB-B.