• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1985

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), in the subjects of 3,893 male and 1,976 female college students of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SAS during the periods from October to November, 1984, and applied ANOVA and t-test on the anxiety scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results could be summarized as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety score's between male and female students ; male students scored $36.92{\pm}7.07$, female students scored $39.63{\pm}7.51$, p<0.001. The anxiety scores relating to the items of sweating, apprehension, restlessness, insommia, dyspnea were relatively higher in both groups. The anxiety scores in the items of paresthesias, mental disintegration, tremors, faintness, dizziness were lower in both groups. Two hundred and one male students (5.2%) showed seriously high anxiety scores of 50 or higher, while 201 female students (10.2%) showed the same scores. So the authors inferred that the features of anxiety symptoms were much the same in our country, but females showed more various symptoms and higher level of anxiety than males. In a comparison between male students in different school grades, freshmen showed the highest level of anxiety scores and as the grades of the students became higher, the levels of anxiety scores were lower. The female students who resided in dormitory or other residences, and whose educational fees were paid by brothers or sisters, showed higher level of anxiety scores. There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their colleges or departments, and who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or future, in both groups.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 1985

The authors studied depression in 5,869 college students (male: 3,893, female: 1,976) using Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The results are as follows: 1) Female college students showed significantly higher total depression scores than male college students (p<0.001). 2) The items of confusion, indecisiveness, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher in both groups and the Items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation and tachycardia were scored lower in both groups. 3) 18.2% of male college students showed rather serious depression level of score 50 or higher, while 33.1 % of female college students showed the same scores. 4) The psychosocial factors relating to pessimistic views to past, present & future self images showed significantly high depression scores. 5) The depression items of fatigue, irritability, palpitation, hopelessness & dissatisfaction and the anxiety Items of fatigue, anxiousness, tachycardia, apprehension, fear, and body aches & pain were correlated significantly over 0.40 of correlation coefficient.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.991-1007
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare depression and quality of life(QOL) according to the severity of insomnia in elderly. Method: The survey participants were 463 community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Severity of insomnia was measured by assessing a time-length to get to sleep, the number of breaks in sleep, a time-length to get to sleep after awakening, and a usual sleep pattern. Depression and QOL was measured, respectively, a modified Zung's depression scale and SF-36. The data were collected from May to June in 2005 and analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA with Scheffe test. Results: A majority of the participants(75.6%) presented mild(65.0%) or severe(10.6%) insomnia. Severity of insomnia was different depending on sex, a marriage status, and sleep patterns such as hours of sleep on average, time to go to bed, and time of awakening(p<0.05). Depression and QOL were related to the severity of insomnia(p<0.05). The elderly suffering from insomnia needs nursing interventions considering demographics and sleep patterns in oder to prevent depression and to improve QOL. Future research is in need for predicting and preventing depression and QOL in elderly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was descriptive survey research to examine the factors affecting menopause, depression and menopausal symptoms, and the relations among these factors in South Korean midlife women. Methods: The subjects were 319 midlife women in Daegu City. Measures were Zung's Self-Report Depression Scale (1979) to check depression, and the Midlife Women's Symptom Index developed by Im (2006) to check menopausal symptoms. Data were collected from June 1 to July 31, 2010. Collected data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient through SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between depression and menopausal symptoms (r=.692, p<.001). The factors affecting depression were age (r=.194, p<.001), income (r=-.307, p<.001), exercise (r=-.602, p<.001), and menopausal status (r=.224, p<.001). The factors affecting menopausal symptoms were exercise (r=-.158, p<.037), menstrual pain (r=-.171, p = .004) and menopausal status (r=.222, p<.001). Conclusion: Intervention programs for decreasing menopausal symptoms in midlife women should be focused on relieving menopausal pain and encouraging excise from youth. Further studies will be needed to examine the relations among other factors including living style, area and menopausal symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

Purpose: The study was attempted to provide basic materials for development of nursing-intervention programs by examining effects of growth hormone therapy on the quality of life, depression and self-esteem. Method: A survey was conducted for 31 adult outpatients as experimental group who have received growth hormone therapy more than 6 months and for 29 adults as control group who have not. A scale developed by Hilditch was used to measure their quality of life and also, the Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale were adopted to measure their depression and self-esteem each. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA Result: 1) there were differences between the two groups in the overall measurement of the quality of life. the growth hormone therapy group was higher in sub-factors 2) There were clear-cut differences between the two groups in depression, so that the control group marked higher score in the measurement of depression. 3) Self-esteem was not identical across the two groups, so that it was more higher for the growth hormone treatment group. Conclusion: Those findings suggest that development of education programs related to growth hormone and nursing-intervention is promising.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-65
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• 1974

Some traditional definitions of information are examined to seek for the mutual concept of them. Mun-hun(文獻, biblio) is defined to clarify its modernized concept. Transformation of library science into Biblio-information science, with the application of information science, are maintained. The results mentioned above are as the followings; 1. The mutual concept of information should be defined as the factor which gives the motivations of certain perception and thinking to the brain of which is the contral center of thinking and behavior of man, and as the factor of knowledge and science. 2. Mun-hun(文獻) means originally "books and wise men". It is elucidated that books mean recorded information, and wise men mean oral information. And so, mun-hun means composite information. 3. It is the inevitable need to investigate the "effective means and methods for the effective use of the best information in a great information flow, and for the recreation of the more advanced information. Biblio information science should be the science to meet the need. 4. Biblio information science should be formed with the application of library science and information science. 5. Biblio information science can be defined as a science to investigate the effective means and methods of selection, processing, ac. cumulation and use of information materials, for the recreation of the more advanced information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.131-142
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• 2010

The ethnic image in modern fashion can be interpreted as a trend of post-modernism, which appeared after modernism's established style. It has relativity, pluralism and variety, and it tries to revive style of the past. This makes style that borrows and combines image and style of different era and culture as distinctive feature, and in turn is expressed by a new image that is combined with the country's clothes. Also, thanks to the customers who are tired of artificiality and convenience, gift of modern science and technology, simple and natural sensitive marketing and being 'raw' are getting popular as new trend. Today's ethnic image is not merely borrowing visual, superficial image of culture and clothes of other ethnic group, but pursuing natural as purely created by human senses rather than being polished. In terms of ethnic image's formative beauty and aesthetic value, foreign and domestic collections are compared. But for domestic image, only Korean ones are researched, and for foreign designer's fashion image, there are ethnic styles of Japan, China and Korea. Although the documents of domestic designers that I investigated is not sufficient, canonic simple being of oriental image that is seen by the westerners is summarized.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Stroke medical examination patients. The subjects in this study were 58 Stroke medical examination patients and 58 Non-Stroke medical examination patients, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were significant, differences in the 16 items of State anxiety scale among 20 items and the 14 items of Trait anxiety scale among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 2. There were significant differences in the 14 items of SDS among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of STAI and SDS between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.001 respectively). 4. There were no significant relationships between State anxiety & Trait anxiety, State anxiety & Depression, Trait anxiety & Depression in the Stroke medical examination patients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.338-345
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• 2004

Scavenging effects of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of NO synthesis and iNOS expression were tested with extracts and chromatographic subfractions of Canavalia lineata obtained at Jeju island. Chloroform extract and its subfractions gave moderate effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, They also inhibited linoleic acid oxidation, and NO synthesis. Inhibition of NO synthesis resulted from the repression of iNOS gene expression. Ethyl acetate extract and its subfractions showed excellent effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, while they were cytotoxic.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of the aroma massage on shoulder pain, depression, and sleep disturbance in hemiparesis patients. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. The data was collected from July 1 to August 31, 2003 at D medical Center in Busan. The subjects were 37 patients that they were assigned to two groups, nineteen subjects in the experimental group and seventeen subjects in the control group. The oil made from a blend of lavendar, clarysage, bergamot at a ratio 3:1:2 used for relieving shoulder pain, depression, sleep disturbance. The instruments used for this study were Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for shoulder pain, Zung' depression scale, 4 score's scale for sleep disturbance. The data were analyzed using SPSS and hypotheses were examined with ANCOVA. Results: Shoulder pain, depression, and sleep disturbance were significantly lower in the experimental group compared than the control group. Conclusion: The aroma massage using selected essential oils is an effective intervention for relieving shoulder pain, depression, sleep disturbance in hemiparesis patients. However differences between aroma massage and massage were not clear, further study needs to be done.