• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.174.2-174
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 1999

The effects of Sn and Nb content on the characteristics of ${\beta}$ to ${\alpha}$ phase transformation for Zr were studied by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The basketweave structures consisted of fine ${\alpha}$-laths were shown in all the air-cooled specimens. As the Nb content increased, the ${\beta}{\to}{\alpha}$+${\beta}$ transformation temperature decreased thus allowing the width of ${\alpha}$-lath, however, did not change with Sn content. While water-quenched pure Zr and Zr-xSn alloys were found to be mailny slipped martensite, water-quenched Zr-xNb alloys showed predominantly a twinned martensite. The transition of slipped martensite to twinned martensite was contributed to the decrease of Ms temperature.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.772-780
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• 1997

Zr-Nb-Sn 의 3원계 합금에서 Sn 함량 변화가 부식에 미치는 영향과 석출물 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 신합금 개발을 위한 Sn의 최적 함유량을 도출하고자 Zr-0.4Nb-xSn(x=0.4,0.8, 1.2, 1.6)계의 4종 합금을 제조하여 여러 가지 특성시험을 실시하였다. 부식특성은 42$0^{\circ}C$ steam(1500psi)조건의 autoclave를 이용하여 시험하였으며 부식과정에서 발생하는 무게증가량을 측정하였고 산화막 특성은 X-ray를 이용하여 조사하였다. 부식관점에서 Sn량이 적을수록 내식성은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 즉, 0.4Sn합금에서 가장 낮은 무게증가량과 1.6Sn 합금에서 가장 높은 무게 증가량을 보였다. 그러나 수소흡수성면에서는 Sn량이 많을수록 수소흡수율이 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 산화막내에서 tetra-ZrO$_{2}$량은 Sn량이 많을수록 적게 나타나는데, 이같은 결과로부터 Sn량이 많을수록 tetra-ZuO$_{2}$에서 mono-ZrO$_{2}$로의 상변태가 가속되어 Sn이 많이 함유된 합금에서 부식 저항성은 저하된다고 사료된다. Sn량이 증가함에 따라 강도는 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Sn량 변화에 따른 석출물의 특성을 조사한 결과, Zr-0.4Nb-xSn계 합금에서는 Sn이 석출물 형성에 거의 영향을 미치지 않으며, 또한 석출물 크기도 내식성에 커다란 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

The effect of oxygen on the shape memory characteristics in Ti-18Nb-6Zr-XO (X = 0-1.5 at%) biomedical alloys was investigated by tensile tests. The alloys were fabricated by an arc melting method at Ar atmosphere. The ingots were cold-rolled to 0.45 mm with a reduction up to 95% in thickness. After severe cold-rolling, the plate was solution-treated at 1173 K for 1.8 ks. The fracture stress of the solution-treated specimens increased from 450 Mpa to 880 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5%. The fracture stress increased by 287MPa with 1 at% increase of oxygen content. The critical stress for slip increased from 430 MPa to 695 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5 at%. The maximum recovery strain of 4.1% was obtained in the Ti-18Nb-6Zr-0.5O (at%) alloy. The martensitic transformation temperature decreased by 140 K with a 1.0 at% increase in O content, which is lower than that of Ti-22Nb-(0-2.0)O (at%) by 20 K. This may have been caused by the effect of the addition of Zr. This study confirmed that addition of oxygen to the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy increases the critical stress for slip due to solid solution hardening without being detrimental to the maximum recovery strain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.563-567
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• 2011

The most widely used piezoelectric ceramics are lead oxide based ferroelectrics (PZT). However, the toxicity of lead oxide and its high vapor pressure during processing have led to a demand for alternative lead-free piezoelectric materials. We synthesized Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics of $0.96(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})NbO_3-0.04SrZrO_3+x$ mol% $ZrO_2$ [KNN-SZ+$xZrO_2$; x= 0~0.10] doped with 0.1 wt% $MnO_2$ by a conventional solid state method. We investigated the piezoelectric properties and microstructures of these disk samples sintered in reduced atmosphere in order to evaluate the possibility of the multilayered piezoelectric ceramics having the base metal such as Ni as a internal electrode. All of these KNN-SZ samples sintered in 3%$H_2-97%N_2$ atmosphere at $1,140^{\circ}C$ exhibit pure perovskite structure irrespective of the content of $ZrO_2$. Meanwhile, the sintering denisty and piezoelectric properties such as $K_p$, $Q_m$ and $d_{33}$ of KNN-SZ samples as a function of $ZrO_2$ content show the maxima ($k_p$=28.07%, $Q_m$= 101.34, $d_{33}$= 156 pC/N) at x= 0.04 and it is likely that there is some morphotropic phase boundary(MPB) in this KNN-SZ+$xZrO_2$ composition system. These results indicate that the ceramic composition is a promising candidate material for applications in lead free multilayer piezoelectric ceramics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1983

With the synthetic standards, valuable metals $(Ta_2O_5, Nb_2O_5, TiO_2, SnO_2$, and $ZrO_2$) in the tin slags have been determined by the x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The powder sample and the standards are homogeneously mixed with anhydrous $Li_2B_4O_7$ and La_2O_3$ in weight ratio of 15 : 42 : 3 respectively. The mixed material is fused at $1,150^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes to be changed into the glass bead. The bead is ground to (-) 325 mesh size and pelletized. The analytical results obtained in this work are consistent with the data obtained by other common methods within allowable error range. The standard deviation for $Ta_2O_5$ in PTS-H sample is 0.12 % at level of 3.40 % content.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2022

The grain growth behavior in the (1-x)K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-xCaZrO₃ (KNNCZ-x) system is studied as a function of the amount of CZ and grain shape. The (1-x)K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-xCaZrO₃ (KNNCZ-x) powders are synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. A single orthorhombic phase is observed at x = 0 - 0.03. However, rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases are observed at x = 0.05. The grain growth behavior changes from abnormal grain growth to the suppression of grain growth as the amount of CaZrO₃ (CZ) increases. With increasing CZ content, grains become more faceted, and the step-free energy increases. Therefore, the critical growth driving force increases. The grain size distribution broadens with increasing sintering time in KNNCZ-0.05. As a result, some large grains with a driving force larger than the critical driving force for growth exhibit abnormal grain growth behavior during sintering. Therefore, CZ changes the grain growth behavior and microstructure of KNN. Grain growth at the faceted interface of the KNNCZ system occurs via two-dimensional nucleation and growth.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-35
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• 1983

High voltage paper-electrophoresis of fission products from 24 hour neutron-irradiated and 150 days-decayed 90% highly enriched uranyl nitrate solution has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$ (pH=0.85), 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl (pH=0.9), 0.1M-HCl (pH=1.1) and 0.01 M-HCl (pH=2.0). Zr-95 and Nb-95 are separated out at+1cm from the fiducial point. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from each other is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09 M-KCl, 0.1 M-HCl and 0.1 M-HAc+0.1 M-NaAc (pH=4.68) together with 2% ammonium oxalate. Nb-95 is separated out at $-6{\sim}-7cm$ from the fiducial point and Zr-95 at $+1{\sim}-lcm$. The separation of Ru-103 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.025 $M-Na_2CO_3+0.025\;M-NaHCO_3$ (pH=10.0), 0.01M-$Na_3PO_4$ (pH=11.7) and 0.1 M-NaOH (pH=13.2). Ru-103 migrates towards the anode -6cm, -4cm and -3cm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.54-58
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• 1996

In this paper, the structure, dieletric and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$/Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$$O_3$+ Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system ceramics were investigated and the effects of donor Nb$^{+5}$ on these properties were characterized for the application of the actuator. In xPb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$)O$_3$+ (1-x) Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system ceramics, tetragonality decreased as x and Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ wt% were increased. In 0.05Pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}$}$)O$_3$+ 0.95 Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system, grain size was smallest but showed best dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The specimen sintered at 120$0^{\circ}C$ in 0.05pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$ )O$_3$+ 0.95 Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$+ Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ 0.6wt% exihibited best piezoeletric properties such as $K^{p}$ =64%, d$_{33}$ =490 [$\times$10$^{-12}$ C/N] and strain was 1320[$\times$10$^{-6}$ Δ$\ell$/$\ell$]at AC 6kV/cm