• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.93-108
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This paper aims to study the characteristics of zhongfeng treatment by examining the eight principles of zhongfeng treatment in the Zhongfeng Jiaoquan of Zhang Shanlei along with Zhang Bolong's treatment of 'Yangxu Leizhongfeng[Yang deficiency pseudo Wind damage]' which is missing from the eight principles. Methods : The treatment methods in the Zhongfeng Jiaoquan was organized in the order of cause, characteristic, symptom, treatment, and precautions, in order to analyze features that were emphasized by Zhang in zhongfeng treatment. Results : First, treatment for bizheng is to 'open and close', then apply methods of 'qianyang jiangqi(潛陽降氣)' and 'zhenni huatan(鎭逆化痰)' while that for tuozheng is to 'lianyin yiye(戀陰益液)' accompanied by medicinals that 'qianzhen xutang(潛鎭虛陽)'. Second, treatment for ganyang shangnizheng is to 'qianzhen rougan', while for tanzian yongsezheng, one must 'dangdi(蕩滌)' for those who are strong in qi, 'xiehua(泄化)' for those who are weak in qi, while for those who have qinizheng[qi reverse syndrome] to 'shunqi(順氣).' Third, for deficiency in xinye and ganyin, one must 'yuyin yangxue[育陰養血]', while for deficiency in shenyin, one must first 'qianjiang shena[潛降攝納]' then slowly apply the method of 'ziyang shenyin[滋養腎陰]' if there is no phlegm turbidity. Fourth, in order to communicate the meridians and unfold collaterals, if the pathogen is external, apply the method of 'yangxue tongluo[養血通絡]', while if the pathogen is internal, calm by doing 'qianyang zhenni[潛陽鎭逆].' Fifth, in order to treat pseudo zhongfeng caused by yang deficiency, one must 'lianyin gutuo[戀陰固脫]' while using medicinals that 'jiangxiang[潛降]'. Conclusions : Treatment of zhongfeng in the Zhongfeng Jiaoquan diverged from 'wenjing sanhan', the usual approach to zhongfeng which sees it as external, and established the 'qianjiang zhenshe [潛降鎭攝]' treatment method based on the internal wind theory. It suggests a new Korean Medical pathology based on theories of Western medicine, and introduces eight principles in treating zhongfeng, which would influence the treatment of zhongfeng in the future.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to understand the meaning of Yangmingzhongfeng in the Shanghanlun. Methods :Each verse was analyzed, along with consideration of the general context of the Bianyangmingbingmaizhengbingzhi(辨陽明病脈證幷治) chapter where Yangmingzhongfeng is explained. The meaning of Yangmingzhongfeng was discussed with a focus on the intention underlying the contrast between Zhongfeng[中風] and Zhonghan[中寒] within the text. Results : In Yangming Disease, disease patterns that have mutated from other channels are differentiated as either Zhuanshu[轉屬, change of assignment] or Zhuanxi[轉繫, change of connection]. Zhuanshu refers to the situation where symptoms of the original pathological site has disappeared, therefore being assigned to Yangming. Zhuanxi refers to the before-and-after pathological sites being connected. The condition of Zhuanxi is further divided into Taiyin and Yangming, where Zhuanxi Yangming needs to be differentiated from Zhuanshu Yangming in that the cathartic method[下法] cannot be applied even with the existence of constipation, despite it being the indication for such treatment. Yangming Zhongfeng and Yangming Zhonghan are differentiated according to coldness and heat of Zhuanxi Yangming. Conclusions : Yangming Zhongfeng refers to the heat type of Zhuanxi Yangming where the person presents constipation whilst residing exterior pattern. Yangming Disease cannot be understood as having a uniform pattern of Weijiashi-constipation-Shengqitang, and its disease pattern requires a multi-dimensional approach.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2000

Object: Show the treatment about Jungkijeung (Zhongqizheng) by distinguishing Apoplexy(Zhongfeng), yujungfung(Leizhongfeng), gualjung(Juezheng), and observation of cause, process, quality. Method: Researched definition, cause, process, treatment and herb med through chinese & korean medical publication refered to Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) Result: 1. Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) is simmilar to Apoplexy(Zhongfeng) that spiritual shock occurred to syncope, dysarthria, trismus, quadriplegia. But the symptom of Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) is coldness, no-sputum, sink-pluse; that of Apoplexy(Zhongfeng) is warmness, much secretion, float-pulse. 2. Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) is mainly caused by the serious anger and the reverse movement of spints by the seven emotional factor. The process of Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) are "Fire and Fever(huore)" "Weatness and sputum(shitan)", and most importantly "Weakness of vital-qi(qixi)" 3. The treatment of Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) is adjustment and circulation of jiao. In early stage, don't use of Apoplexial- Med. 4. As following herb-med are used for Jungkijeung (Zhongqizheng). Sohaphang-won(Suhexiangyan) is 18 times; Palmisungi-san(Baweishunqisan) is 13 times; Kang-tang(Jiangtang) is 8 times: Mokhyangsungi san(Muxiangshunqisan) is 6 times. 5. Atractylodes macrocephala KOIDZ(Baishu) is used for 40 times most frequently, Saussurea lappa CLARKE (Muxiang), Cyperus rotundus L (Xiangfuzi), Citrus unshiu MARCOR(Chenpi), Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH (Gancao), poria cocos WOLF (Furing), Panax ginseng NESS (Renshen) etc are orderly used. 6. Acupoints same as GV20(Baihui), LI4(Hegu), Liv2(Xingjian), 12 Junghyul(Jingxue) is used for acupunture. And CV8(Shenque), CV4(Guanyan) is used for moxibustion. Conclusion: As Jungkijeung(Zhangqizheng) is differed from Apoplexy(Zhongfeng), yujungfung(Leizhongfeng), gualjung(Juezheng), we must also cure Jungkijeung (Zhongqizheng) to the other disease. It is need to distinguishment Jungkijeung(Zhongqizheng) from neurotic, psychotic disease, though similar to conversation neurosis.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a software design and implementation of software-defined radio based IEEE 802.11ac encoder using Texas Instruments TMS320C6670 digital signal processor (DSP) platform. In this paper, the implemented encoder has the capability of generating all the signals consisting of preamble field and data field under different modulation & coding scheme in the IEEE 802.11ac standard. Moreover, the flexibility in choosing different rate, bandwidth, or mode can also be achieved by software reconfiguration using the DSP. As a result, by utilizing the computing power provided by multi-cores as well as the FFT coprocessors in the DSP, the required maximum throughput 78Mbps can be fully reached within 4 ㎲ for each OFDM symbol in the case of 20MHz bandwidth of IEEE 802.11ac.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2020

Over the past few years, Wi-Fi signal based indoor positioning system (IPS) has been researched extensively because of its low expenses of infrastructure deployment. There are two major aspects of location-related information contained in Wi-Fi signals. One is channel state information (CSI), and one is received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Compared to the RSSI, the CSI has been widely utilized because it is able to reveal fine-grained information related to locations. However, the conventional IPS that employs a single access point (AP) does not exhibit decent performance especially in the environment of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations due to the reliability degeneration of signals caused by multipath fading effect. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel method that utilizes multiple APs instead of a single AP to enhance the robustness of the IPS. In our proposed method, a hybrid neural network is applied to the CSIs collected from multiple APs. By relying more on the fingerprint constructed by the CSI collected from an AP that is less affected by the NLOS, we find that the performance of the IPS is significantly improved.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2022

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) standard has been proposed to separate the baseband signal processing unit from the Radio Frequency (RF) unit at base station system mainly for reducing the cost of base station systems through open-source interfaces between the two units. To satisfy the performance metrics in various scenarios, several fronthaul functional split options were presented by O-RAN. Amongst these options, the split option 7-2x is widely adopted in practical applications due to its excellent trade-off between the required bandwidth and RU overhead. In this paper, we present a hardware implementation of a base station system that is compliant with the Category B of O-RAN split option 7-2x. It consists of O-DU and O-RU implemented with a commercial off-the-shelf Digital Signal Processor and RF transceiver, respectively. The performance of the proposed base station system is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate and received signal power as well as the required fronthaul bandwidth. Through various experimental tests, we have observed that the proposed system reduces the fronthaul bandwidth nearly by 89.7% compared to the conventional system that dose not employ the O-RAN standard.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.1243-1251
• /
• 2020

Irradiation-induced damage of binderless nanoporous-isotropic graphite (NPIG) prepared by isostatic pressing of mesophase carbon microspheres for molten salt reactor was investigated by 3.0 MeV He⁺ irradiation at room temperature and high temperature of 600 ℃, and IG-110 was used as the comparation. SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum are used to characterize the irradiation effect and the influence of temperature on graphite radiation damage. After irradiation at room temperature, the surface morphology is rougher, the increase of defect clusters makes atom flour bend, the layer spacing increases, and the catalytic graphitization phenomenon of NPIG is observed. However, the density of defects in high temperature environment decreases and other changes are not obvious. Mechanical properties also change due to changes in defects. In addition, SEM and Raman spectra of the cross section show that cracks appear in the depth range of the maximum irradiation dose, and the defect density increases with the increase of irradiation dose.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권11호
• /
• pp.4066-4076
• /
• 2023

Pressure resistance welding is usually used to seal the connection between the cladding tube and the end plug made of zirconium alloy. The seal welded joint has a direct effect on the service performance of the fuel rod cladding structure. In this paper, the pressure resistance welded joints of zirconium alloy tube-plug structure were obtained by thermal-mechanical simulation experiments. The microstructure and microhardness of the joints were both analyzed. The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure was studied in detail. The results showed that there was no β-Zr phase observed in the joint, and no obvious element segregation. There were different types of Widmanstätten structure in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the cladding tube and the end plug joint because of the low cooling rate. Some part of the grains in the joint grew up due to overheating. Its size was about 2.8 times that of the base metal grains. Due to the high dislocation density and texture evolution, the microhardnesses of TMAZ and HAZ were both significantly higher than that of the base metal, and the microhardness of the TMAZ was the highest. With the increasing of welding temperature, the proportion of recrystallization in TMAZ decreased, which was caused by the increasing of strain rate and dislocation annihilation.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.1340-1350
• /
• 2022

Objective: Luxi Black Head sheep (LBH) is the first crossbreed specialized for meat production and was developed by crossbreeding Black Head Dorper sheep (DP) and Small Tailed Han sheep (STH) in the farming areas of northern China. Research on the genomic variations and selection signatures of LBH caused by continuous artificial selection is of great significance for identifying the genetic mechanisms of important traits of sheep and for the continuous breeding of LBH. Methods: We explored the genetic relationships of LBH, DP, and several Mongolian sheep breeds by constructing phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis and linkage disequilibrium analysis. In addition, we analysed 29 whole genomes of sheep. The genome-wide selection signatures have been scanned with four methods: heterozygosity (H_P), fixation index (F_ST), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and the nucleotide diversity (𝜃_π) ratio. Results: The genetic relationships analysis showed that LBH appeared to be an independent cluster closer to DP. The candidate signatures of positive selection in sheep genome revealed candidate genes for developmental process (HoxA gene cluster, BCL2L11, TSHR), immunity (CXCL6, CXCL1, SKAP2, PTK6, MST1R), growth (PDGFD, FGF18, SRF, SOCS2), and reproduction (BCAS3, TRIM24, ASTL, FNDC3A). Moreover, two signalling pathways closely related to reproduction, the thyroid hormone signalling pathway and the oxytocin signalling pathway, were detected. Conclusion: The selective sweep analysis of LBH genome revealed candidate genes and signalling pathways associated with developmental process, immunity, growth, and reproduction. Our findings provide a valuable resource for sheep breeding and insight into the mechanisms of artificial selection.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.1777-1785
• /
• 2021

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of the Agatston score obtained with the ultra-high-pitch (UHP) acquisition mode using tin-filter spectral shaping (Sn150 kVp) and a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm to reduce the radiation dose. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 114 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 60.3 ± 9.8 years; 74 male) who underwent a standard 120 kVp scan and an additional UHP Sn150 kVp scan for coronary artery calcification scoring (CACS). These two datasets were reconstructed using a standard reconstruction algorithm (120 kVp + Qr36d, protocol A; Sn150 kVp + Qr36d, protocol B). In addition, the Sn150 kVp dataset was reconstructed using a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm (Sn150 kVp + Sa36d, protocol C). The Agatston scores for protocols A and B, as well as protocols A and C, were compared. The agreement between the scores was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot. The radiation doses for the 120 kVp and UHP Sn150 kVp acquisition modes were also compared. Results: No significant difference was observed in the Agatston score for protocols A (median, 63.05; interquartile range [IQR], 0-232.28) and C (median, 60.25; IQR, 0-195.20) (p = 0.060). The mean difference in the Agatston score for protocols A and C was relatively small (-7.82) and with the limits of agreement from -65.20 to 49.56 (ICC = 0.997). The Agatston score for protocol B (median, 34.85; IQR, 0-120.73) was significantly underestimated compared with that for protocol A (p < 0.001). The UHP Sn150 kVp mode facilitated an effective radiation dose reduction by approximately 30% (0.58 vs. 0.82 mSv, p < 0.001) from that associated with the standard 120 kVp mode. Conclusion: The Agatston scores for CACS with the UHP Sn150 kVp mode with a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm and the standard 120 kVp demonstrated excellent agreement with a small mean difference and narrow agreement limits. The UHP Sn150 kVp mode allowed a significant reduction in the radiation dose.