• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.255-266
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• 2022

Background: A previous study reported the effectiveness and patient satisfaction in the dental emergency unit (DEU) of the Pitie Salpetrière Hospital in Paris before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The same methodology was used during the COVID-19 pandemic to compare pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the two periods. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 2020 (NCT04354272) on adult patients. Data were collected on day zero (D0) on site and then by phone during the daytime on day one (D1), day three (D3), and day seven (D7). The primary objective was to assess the pain intensity at D1. Secondary objectives were to assess pain intensity at D3 and D7, anxiety intensity at D1, D3, and D7, and patient satisfaction. Patients were evaluated on a 0-10 numeric scale on D1, D3, and D7; mean scores were compared with non-parametric statistics (ANOVA, Dunn's). Results: A total of 445 patients were given the opportunity to participate in the study, and 370 patients consented. Seventy-one were lost during follow-up. Ultimately, 299 patients completed all the questionnaires and were included in the analysis. In the final sample (60% men, 40% women, aged 39 ± 14 years), 94% had health insurance. The mean pain scores were: D0, 6.1 ± 0.14; D1, 3.29 ± 0.16; D3, 2.08 ± 0.16; and D7, 1.07 ± 0.35. This indicates a significant decrease of 46%, 67%, and 82% at D1, D3, and D7, respectively, when compared to D0 (P < 0.0001). The mean anxiety scores were D0, 4.7 ± 0.19; D1, 2.6 ± 0.16; D3, 1.9 ± 0.61; and D7, 1.4 ± 0.15. This decrease was significant between D0 and D7 (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Perception of general health improved between D1 and D7. The overall satisfaction was 9.3 ± 0.06. Conclusion: DEU enabled a significant reduction in pain and anxiety with high overall satisfaction during COVID-19, which was very similar to levels observed pre-COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.552-559
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• 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching, mainly before five. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 405 nm+850 nm LED light therapy on AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. The mice were randomly placed in the normal (Vehicle), atopic dermatitis-induced (CON), and 405 nm + 850 nm LED light therapy (LED) groups. The LED experimental group conducted 405 nm+850 nm wavelength LED ray therapy for 10 minutes a day for seven days. LED light therapy research confirmed the improvement and improvement of Dermatics score and observed the reduction of epidermal tissue thickness caused by dermatitis. Based on the significant decrease of serum IL-1𝛽 and transdermal moisture loss and serum IgE concentration due to LED light therapy, LED light therapy can help restore normal skin conditions in mice that cause atopic dermatitis. This study showed the anti-atopic effect of infrared light and blue light. Light in mice with atopic dermatitis led to the simultaneous use of circular LEDs with two wavelengths.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.543-552
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• 2022

When frost occurs, crops are directly damaged. When crops come into contact with low temperatures, tissues freeze, which hardens and destroys the cell membranes or chloroplasts, or dry cells to death. In July 2020, a sudden sub-zero weather and frost hit the Minas Gerais state of Brazil, the world's largest coffee producer, damaging about 30% of local coffee trees. As a result, coffee prices have risen significantly due to the damage, and farmers with severe damage can produce coffee only after three years for crops to recover, which is expected to cause long-term damage. In this paper, we tried to predict frost using frost generation data and weather observation data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration to prevent severe frost. A model was constructed by reflecting weather factors such as wind speed, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Using XGB(eXtreme Gradient Boosting), SVM(Support Vector Machine), Random Forest, and MLP(Multi Layer perceptron) models, various hyper parameters were applied as training data to select the best model for each model. Finally, the results were evaluated as accuracy(acc) and CSI(Critical Success Index) in test data. XGB was the best model compared to other models with 90.4% ac and 64.4% CSI, followed by SVM with 89.7% ac and 61.2% CSI. Random Forest and MLP showed similar performance with about 89% ac and about 60% CSI.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.265-282
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• 2022

This study analyzes the impact of long-range transport of biomass burning emissions from northeastern China on the concentration of particulate matter of diameter less than 10 ㎛ (PM₁₀) in Korea using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Korea was impacted by anthropogenic emissions from eastern China, dust storms from northern China and Mongolia, and biomass burning emissions from northeast China between April 4-and 7, 2020. The contributions of long-range PM₁₀ transport were calculated by separating biomass burning emissions from mixed air pollutants with anthropogenic emissions and dust storms using the zeroing-out method. Further, the radiation energy budget over land and sea around the Korean Peninsula was analyzed according to the distribution of biomass burning emissions. Based on the WRF-Chem simulation during April 5-6, 2020, the contribution of long-range transport of biomass burning emissions was calculated as 60% of the daily PM₁₀ average in Korea. The net heat flux around the Korean Peninsula was in a negative phase due to the influence of the large-scale biomass burning emissions. However, the contribution of biomass burning emissions was analyzed to be <45% during April 7-8, 2020, when the anthropogenic emissions from eastern China were added to biomass burning emissions, and PM₁₀ concentration increased compared with the concentration recorded during April 5-6, 2020 in Korea. Furthermore, the net heat flux around the Korean Peninsula increased to a positive phase with the decreasing influence of biomass burning emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of the carboxymethylated substrate from high reactive autohydrolyzed cellulose (HRC) and those of commercial α-cellulose (CAC) and refiner mechanical pulp (RMP). Saccharification rates of HRC substrate were achieved over 70% with 12 hr hydrolysis, about 90% with 24 hr, and 99.5% with 72 hr. CMCase and avicelase activities of cellulase onozuka were 4.09 ㎛ G/mg·min and 14.0 ㎛ G/mg·min, respectively. There were no any significant changes in cellulase activities with this substrate. The saccharification rates of CAC and RMP were very low, 57% and 38% with 72 hr, respectively. Those lignin-zero autohydrolyzed substrates, HRC and CAC, were highly carboxymethylated at the high alkali concentration, near 30%, for 3 hr. reaction, and resulted in 1.13-1.15 of D.S., besides 0.85 of D.S. from RMP. Water solubilities of carboxymethylated substrates were increased with an increase of D.S., 98-98.5% from HRC and CAC and 31.5% from RMP. RMP which has low specific surface area showed lower water retention values, compared to high values of 435 and 321% from CAC and HRC, respectively. There were no direct relationship between surface area and swelling ratio of the substrates.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2022

The subject of this paper is the practical examples of technoculture that critically thinks network technology, a strong material foundation in the era of data capitalism in the 21st century, and appropriates its socio-cultural metaphor as an artistic potential. In order to analyze its alternatives and the meaning of cultural politics, this paper examines the properties and influence of data capitalism after the 2008 global financial crisis, and the cultural and artistic context formed by its reaction. The first case considered in this paper, Furtherfield's workshop, provided a useful example of how citizens can participate in social change through learning and education in which art and technology are interrelated. The second case, Greek hackerspace HSGR, developed network technology as a tool to overcome the crisis by proposing a new progressive cultural commons due to Greece's financial crisis caused by the global financial crisis and a decrease in the state's creative support. The third case, Paolo Cirio's project, promoted a critical citizenship towards the state and community systems as dominant types of social governance. These technoculture cases can be evaluated as efforts to combine and rediscover progressive political ideology and its artistic realization tradition in the context of cultural politics, paying attention to the possibility of signifying practices of network technology that dominates the contemporary economic system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 2022

The operational modal analysis (OMA) technique, which extracts the modal parameters of a structural system using ambient vibrations, has been actively developed as a field of structural health monitoring of cable-supported bridges. In this paper, the short and long-term modal parameters of a cable-stayed bridge were evaluated using the acceleration data obtained from the two ambient vibration tests (AVTs) and three years of continuous measurements. A total of 27 vertical modes and 1 lateral mode in the range 0.1 ~ 2.5 Hz were extracted from the high-resolution AVTs which were conducted in the 6th and 19th years after its completion. Existing OMA methods such as Peak-Picking (PP), Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with Data Correlation (ERADC), Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) and Time Domain Decomposition (TDD) were applied for modal parameters extraction, and it was confirmed that there was no significant difference between the applied methods. From the correlation analysis between long-term natural frequencies and environmental factors, it was confirmed that temperature change is the dominant factor influencing natural frequency fluctuations. It was revealed that the decreased natural frequencies of the bridge were not due to changes in structural performance and integrity, but to the environmental effects caused by the temperature difference between the two AVTs. In addition, when the TDD technique is applied, the accuracy of extracted mode shapes is improved by adding a proposed algorithm that normalizes the sequence so that the autocorrelations at zero lag equal 1.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_1
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• pp.597-608
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• 2022

Remotely sensed data have been used in various fields, such as disasters, agriculture, urban planning, and the military. Recently, the demand for the multitemporal dataset with the high-spatial-resolution has increased. This manuscript proposed an automatic image matching algorithm using a deep learning technique to utilize a multitemporal remotely sensed dataset. The proposed deep learning model was based on High Resolution Net (HRNet), widely used in image segmentation. In this manuscript, denseblock was added to calculate the correlation map between images effectively and to increase learning efficiency. The training of the proposed model was performed using the multitemporal orthophotos of the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). In order to evaluate the performance of image matching using a deep learning model, a comparative evaluation was performed. As a result of the experiment, the average horizontal error of the proposed algorithm based on 80% of the image matching rate was 3 pixels. At the same time, that of the Zero Normalized Cross-Correlation (ZNCC) was 25 pixels. In particular, it was confirmed that the proposed method is effective even in mountainous and farmland areas where the image changes according to vegetation growth. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed deep learning algorithm can perform relative image registration and image matching of a multitemporal remote sensed dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.649-660
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• 2022

In 1959, Satomura used spectral Doppler ultrasound to express the velocity of red blood cells according to time change, and Kato defined a zero-base line that could tell the direction of blood flow, making it possible to know the direction of blood flow. This became the basis for the widely used classifications of Triphasic, Biphasic, and Monophasic. However, the above classification has limitations that confuse users with the meaning and timing of use in a clinical environment. As a result, the American Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM) and the Society for Vascular Ultrasound (SVU) A consensus document on Doppler waveform analysis was declared by the joint committee. This study tried to review this consensus and to suggest nomenclature and modifiers that can be used in the domestic vascular ultrasound clinical field. The joint committee formed by SVM and SVU recommended that the use of the triphasic waveform and the biphasic waveform be used as a multiphasic waveform rather than being used due to the ambiguity of interpretation. In addition, it was agreed to name the hybrid-type waveform, which is a monophasic and high-resistance waveform, which has always been a problem of interpretation in a clinical environment, as an intermediate resistive waveform. In addition, in order to increase the communication efficiency between the interpreter and the sonographer, waveform analysis was classified into a main descriptor and a modifier, and it was recommended to use a single nomenclature by unifying various synonyms. It is expected that this literature review will provide accurate arterial spectral Doppler waveform interpretation and an agreed-upon nomenclature to radiologists performing vascular ultrasound examination in clinical practice, and will be utilized as basic data that can contribute to the improvement of public health.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2022

Background: Intraosseous anesthesia is the process by which an anesthetic solution, after penetration of the cortical bone, is directly injected into the spongiosa of the alveolar bone supporting the tooth. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and computerized intraosseous anesthesia in the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars, compare their side effects systemically by monitoring heart rate, and assess patients' a posteriori preference of one technique over the other. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with bilaterally impacted third molars participated in this study. Each patient in the sample was both a case and control, where the conventional technique was randomly assigned to one side (group 1) and the alternative method to the contralateral side (group 2). Results: The traditional technique was faster in execution than anesthesia delivered via electronic syringe, which took 3 min to be administered. However, it was necessary to wait for an average of 6 ± 4 min from the execution to achieve the onset of IANB, while the latency of intraosseous anesthesia was zero. Vincent's sign and lingual nerve anesthesia occurred in 100% of cases in group 1. In group 2, Vincent's sign was recorded in 13% of cases and lingual anesthesia in four cases. The average duration of the perceived anesthetic effect was 192 ± 68 min in group 1 and 127 ± 75 min in group 2 (P < 0.001). The difference between the heart rate of group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant. During infiltration in group 1, heartbeat frequency increased by 5 ± 13 beats per minute, while in group 2, it increased by 22 ± 10 beats per minute (P < 0.001). No postoperative complications were reported for either technique. Patients showed a preference of 67% for the alternative technique and 20% for the traditional, and 13% of patients were indifferent. Conclusion: The results identified intraosseous anesthesia as a valid alternative to conventional anesthesia in impacted lower third molar extraction.