• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.272-276
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• 2004

During the course of our screening for bioactive metabolites from marine sponges, EZZ, the inseparable 1:1 mixture of (8E,13Z,20Z)-strobilinin and (7E,13Z,20Z)-felixinin has been found to deliver significant cytotoxicity against some cancer cell lines. In this study, the antioxidant activity of EZZ was first time evaluated by a series of antioxidant assays. It was found that EZZ was weak in scavenging the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH), but it was comparable to ascorbic acid in scavenging ABTS and superoxide radicals. In addition, EZZ could protect DNA from hydroxyl radical-induced strand cleavage. The findings of the present study suggest that EZZ possess certain antioxidant activity, which might help to prevent occurrence of cancer by alleviating the oxidative stress in cells.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

Adoxophyes spp. are the major rests of a pear. The larvae attack both leaves and fruits. (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac) and 10-methyldodecyl acetate (10me-12:Ac) have been reported as the sex pheromone components of the genus Adoxophyes. Our objective was to determine the difference in sex pheromone composition of three different A. spp. populations each from Cheonan, Sangju, and Naju area orchards in Korea. Gas chromatography (GC) analyses of pheromone gland extracts of virgin females confirmed the presence of two compounds (Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac) in Cheonan and Sangju populations, and four compounds (Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac and tome-12:Ac) in Naju population. The Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac were detected in the ratio of 80:20 in the Cheonan population and 3:97 in the Sangju population. Females of Naju population produced sex pheromone blend consisting of Z9-14:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac and 10me-12:Ac at a ratio of 31:62:6:1. Field trapping tests in pear orchards with Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac indicated that maximum captures of the male were obtained with traps baited by 80:20 in Cheonan, 10:90 in Sangju, and 30:70 in Naju. These results suggest that there are remarkable geographical variations in the sex pheromone composition of A. spp. in pear orchards in Korea, and taxonomic classification of these species must be carefully assessed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.445-452
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• 2004

We investigated the cytotoxic effects of seven furanoterpenoids 〔sarcotin A, epi-sarcotin A, ircinin-1, epi-sarcotrine B, sarcotin I, (8E, l3Z, 20Z)-strobilinin/(7E,l3Z, 20Z)-felixinin and (7E,12E,18R,20Z)-variabilin〕 isolated from the sponge Sarcotragus sp. (the order Dictyoceratida) on the growth of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. MTT data revealed that sarcotin A and (7E,12E,18R,20Z)-variabilin exhibited higher potencies on the anti-proliferative activities than the other compounds in A549 cells. The growth inhibition by treatment with compounds (especially epi-sarcotin A, ircinin-1 and epi-sarcotrine B) were associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death through the concentration-dependent increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a p53-dependent or independent pathway Additionally, epi-sarcotin A and ircinin-1 strongly inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression without alteration of COX-1. Taken together, the results suggest that the furanoterpenoids from the marine sponge have strong potentials as candidates for anti-cancer drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-80
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• 1982

The maneuverabilities of 240 GT class skipjack pole and liner were studied, based on the maneuvering indices and the data which were obtained from Z test of the experimental ship, the m.s. KWANACKSAN, the training ship of the National Fisheries University of Busan. The maneuvering indices K' of the experimental ship were 0.611(at 10$^{\circ}$Z test), 0.622(at 20$^{\circ}$Z test) and 0.556(at 30$^{\circ}$Z test). Her maneuvering indices T' were 1.094(at 10$^{\circ}$Z test), 1.695(at 20$^{\circ}$Z test) and 1.367(at 30$^{\circ}$Z test). The above calculated values K', T' showed that her turning ability at helm angle 20$^{\circ}$ and her obeying ability at helm angle 10$^{\circ}$ were most effective. As it appeared that the calculated K'-values of the experimental ship were smaller than the standard K'-values of different kinds of ships and her overshoot angles at her Z test were greater than those of them, her turning ability was found to be lower. When the experimental ship took a turn at her 10$^{\circ}$Z test, running distance was about 8.3 times her own length and didn't exceed the standard maneuvering distance, 5 to 11 times ship's own length, therefore she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to examine validity of the following guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in the Korean Pharmacopoeia regarding foreign materials: "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%." Methods : Varied compliance guidelines for and original plants of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium across countries were compared and contrasted. In order to do this, pharmacopoeias from a number of different countries including Korea were used as references. Results : The weights including seed parts were Z. piperitum 3.48g, Z. schinifolium 2.94g, and Z. bungeanum 2.16g; while the weights of peel parts were Z. piperitum 1.45g, Z. schinifolium 1.69g, and Z. bungeanum 0.98g. In terms of weight, Z. piperitum was the heaviest with its entire part including the seed, whereas Z. schinifolium was the heaviest with its peel part. The proportions of each seed in the whole part were Z. piperitum 58.33%, Z. schinifolium 42.52%, and Z. bungeanum 54.63%. Considering these figures, including seed parts in the guideline up to 20% is inappropriate; however, this guideline is inevitable in order to use seed parts for medicinal purpose. Conclusion : In this article, the author argues if any changes were to made on the guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with respect to foreign materials - "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%" - its seed part should firsthand be separated from its peel part and be designated as one kind of medicine. Then, revisions on the foreign materials compliance guidelines for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium should also be made.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2005

We consider the poisson equation where the functions involved are periodic including the solution function. Let $R=[0,1]{\times}[0,l]{\times}[0,1]$ be the region of interest and let $\phi$(x,y,z) be an arbitrary periodic function defined in the region R such that $\phi$(x,y,z) satisfies $\phi$(x+1, y, z)=$\phi$(x, y+1, z)=$\phi$(x, y, z+1)=$\phi$(x,y,z) for all x,y,z. We describe a very simple method for solving the equation ${\nabla}^2u(x, y, z)$ = $\phi$(x, y, z) based on the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z); using the requirement that each interval [0,1] is a multiple of the period in the corresponding coordinates, the Laplacian operator applied to the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z) can be replaced by a square matrix. The solution can then be computed simply by multiplying $\phi$(x, y, z) by the inverse of this matrix. A description on how the storage of nearly a Giga byte for $20{\times}20{\times}20$ nodes, equivalent to a $8000{\times}8000$ matrix is handled by using the fuzzy rule table method and a description on how the shape preserving property of the Laplacian operator will be affected by this approximation are included.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.133-133
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• 1989

The maneuverabilities of the M.S. Pusan 404 are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maneuvering indices K' and T' of the M.S Pusan 404 are 0.9359, 0.1955 at 10° Z test and 0.9781, 0.5802 at 20° Z test and 0.9108, 0.7090 at 30° Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T' showed that her maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K' and T' at 10° Z test are smaller than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be lower but her obeying ability higher. 3. the running distance of a turn at her 10° Z test was about 8.7 times her own len호 and she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.125-128
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• 1989

The maneuverabilities of the M.S. Pusan 404 are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maneuvering indices K' and T' of the M.S Pusan 404 are 0.9359, 0.1955 at 10$^{\circ}$ Z test and 0.9781, 0.5802 at 20$^{\circ}$ Z test and 0.9108, 0.7090 at 30$^{\circ}$ Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T' showed that her maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K' and T' at 10$^{\circ}$ Z test are smaller than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be lower but her obeying ability higher. 3. the running distance of a turn at her 10$^{\circ}$ Z test was about 8.7 times her own len호 and she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1995

The maneuverabilities of the M.S. TAMYANG are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The maneuvering indices K'and T'of the M.S. TAMYANG are 0.9464, 0.6895 at 10$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8651, 0.4224 at 20$^{\circ}$Z test and 0.8349, 0.4328 at 30$^{\circ}$Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T'showed that her maneuverabilities are more effective when the rudder is used to small angle than to large angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K'and T'at 10$^{\circ}$Z test are smaller than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be lower but her obeying ability higher. 3. The running distance of a turn at her 10$^{\circ}$Z test was about 8.8 times her own length and she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.671-683
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• 2005

The set of all $m\;{\times}\;n$ matrices with entries in $\mathbb{Z}_+$ is de­noted by $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$. We say that a linear operator T on $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ is a (U, V)-operator if there exist invertible matrices $U\;{\in}\; \mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ and $V\;{\in}\;\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$ such that either T(X) = UXV for all X in $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$, or m = n and T(X) = $UX^{t}V$ for all X in $\mathbb{M}{m{\times}n}(\mathbb{Z}_+)$. In this paper we show that a linear operator T preserves the rank of matrices over the nonnegative integers if and only if T is a (U, V)­operator. We also obtain other characterizations of the linear operator that preserves rank of matrices over the nonnegative integers.