• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.113-115
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• 2003

Droplet impinging into a cavity at micro-scale is one of important fluidic issues for microfabrications, e.g. bio-chip applications and inkjet deposition processes in the PLED panel manufacturing. The droplets generally dispensing from an inkjet head, which contains an array of nozzles, have a volume in several picoliters, while each nozzle jets the droplets into cavities with micron-meter size located on substrates. Due to measurement difficulties at micro-scale, the numerical simulation could serve as an efficient and preliminary way to evaluate the micro-sized droplet impinging behavior into a cavity. The micro-fluidic flow is computed by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations through a finite volume discretization. The droplet front is predicted by a volume-of-fluid approach, in which the surface tension is modeled as a function of the fluid concentration. This paper discusses the influence of fluid properties, such as surface tension and fluid viscosity, on micro-fluidic characteristics at different jetting speeds in the deposition process via the proposed numerical approach.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

This paper presents an extended computing procedure for the global optimization of the triple response system (TRS) where the response functions are nonconvex (nonconcave) quadratics and the input factors satisfy a radial region of interest. The TRS arising from response surface modeling can be approximated using a nonlinear mathematical program involving one primary (objective) function and two secondary (constraints) functions. An optimization algorithm named triple response surface algorithm (TRSALG) is proposed to determine the global optimum for the nondegenerate TRS. In TRSALG, the Lagrange multipliers of target (secondary) functions are computed by using the Hooke-Jeeves search method, and the Lagrange multiplier of the radial constraint is located by using the trust region (TR) method at the same time. To ensure global optimality that can be attained by TRSALG, included is the means for detecting the degenerate case. In the field of numerical optimization, as the family of TR approach always exhibits excellent mathematical properties during optimization steps, thus the proposed algorithm can guarantee the global optimal solution where the optimality conditions are satisfied for the nondegenerate TRS. The computing procedure is illustrated in terms of examples found in the quality literature where the comparison results with a gradient-based method are used to calibrate TRSALG.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

This study aims to forecast the exchange rate of the Chinese Yuan against the US Dollar by a combination of different models as proposed by Poon and Granger (2003) during the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we include three uni-variate time series models, i.e., ARIMA, Naïve, Exponential smoothing, and one multivariate model, i.e., NARDL. This is the first of its kind endeavor to combine univariate models along with NARDL to the best of our knowledge. Utilizing monthly data from January 2011 to December 2020, we predict the Chinese Yuan against the US dollar by two combination criteria i.e. var-cor and equal weightage. After finding out the individual accuracy, the models are then assessed through equal weightage and var-cor methods. Our results suggest that Naïve outperforms all individual & combination of time series models. Similarly, the combination of NARDL and Naïve model again outperformed all of the individual as well as combined models except the Naïve model, with the lowest MAPE value of 0764. The results suggesting that the Chinese Yuan exchange rate against the US Dollar is dependent upon the recent observations of the time series. Further evidence shows that the combination of models plays a vital role in forecasting which commensurate with the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.1185-1201
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• 2022

Feller introduced an unfair-fair-game in his famous book [3]. In this game, at each trial, player will win 2^k yuan with probability p_k = 1/2^kk(k + 1), k ∈ ℕ, and zero yuan with probability p₀ = 1 - Σ^∞_k=1 p_k. Because the expected gain is 1, player must pay one yuan as the entrance fee for each trial. Although this game seemed "fair", Feller [2] proved that when the total trial number n is large enough, player will loss n yuan with its probability approximate 1. So it's an "unfair" game. In this paper, we study in depth its convergence in probability, almost sure convergence and convergence in distribution. Furthermore, we try to take 2^k = m to reduce the values of random variables and their corresponding probabilities at the same time, thus a new probability model is introduced, which is called as the related model of Feller's unfair-fair-game. We find out that this new model follows a long-tailed distribution. We obtain its weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. These results show that their probability limit behaviours of these two models are quite different.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.327-335
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• 2016

The People's Republic of China has vigorously been pursuing the internationalization of the Chinese Yuan or Renminbi after the financial crisis of 2008. In this view, an abrupt increase of use of the Chinese Yuan in the onshore and offshore markets are important milestones to be one of important currencies. One of the most frequently used methods to forecast volatility is GARCH model. Since a prediction error of the GARCH model has been reported quite high, a lot of efforts have been made to improve forecasting capability of the GARCH model. In this paper, we have proposed MLP-GARCH and a DL-GARCH by employing Artificial Neural Network to the GARCH. In an application to forecasting Chinese Yuan volatility, we have successfully shown their overall outperformance in forecasting over the GARCH.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.437-447
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• 2017

Objective : Zhang zhi-cong insisted the theory related to the 'Six-meridian qi transformation', and Zhen xiu-yuan inherited that theory understanding six-meridian disease of "Shang-Han-Lun". This emphasizes that the disease of 'three yin and three yang' in "Shang-Han-Lun" is a disease caused by Six-meridian qi transformation, not a lesion of meridian itself. He said, "If you do not know brightly in the 'Tip, Root and Middle qi', you can not read the "Shang-Han-Lun"." Therefore, in this paper, we examine the interpretation of the "Shang-Han-Lun"by using the theory of 'five circuits and six qi'. Method : First, extract sentences related to 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' from the sentences of "Shang-Han-Lun" Second, the sentence is interpreted through the Zhen xiu-yuan's "Sang han lun qian zhu". Third, the meaning of the sentence is examined and summarized. Result : Zhen xiu-yuan proposed a clear and systematic theory that can understand the meaning of Six-meridian in "Shang-Han-Lun", by utilizing the discipline that 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' Conclusion : The change of 'Tip, Root and Middle qi' is a very central theory that explains the properties of 'Yin and Yang' and mutual correspondence among Korean medicine theories. It also provides basic directions for understanding the changing patterns of disease.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2003

This study is designed to understand evaluation criteria for garment depending on demographic factors among college students in Yanbian, China. Questionnaire was used for measurement tools to study the subject of the thesis. The main study was conducted against 450 college students from May 17 to June 5, 2001. The data for the study were analyzed using SAS PC program for frequency distribution, percentage, t-test, and one way ANOVA. The evaluation criteria for garment are affected by demographic factors such as gender, average monthly household income, monthly expense for clothing. The result was showed as follows: The evaluation criteria for garment based on gender showed almost no meaningful different between male and female college students. Means on factors considered highly in selecting clothes was studied. The result shows that 'fit to the body, 'quality', 'color' and 'pattern' are considered most highly and 'harmony with other clothes', 'after service', design' 'easy to manage' and 'price' are considered relatively highly, but 'brand' and 'trendy fashion' were not considered highly. A meaningful difference was showed only in one area-trendy fashion-among three different income level groups. Those with an average monthly household income between 500 and 2,000yuan showed a highest tendency compared to those with above 2,000yuan and those with 500yuan. In terms of evaluation criteria for garment based on monthly expense for clothing, 'brand' is the only area which showed a meaningful difference. Respondents with monthly clothing expense of above 100yuan showed a higher means than those with below 100yuan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning and possible shape of Goryeo-Achungunsura-jisun(高麗鴉靑雲袖羅質孫) through the details regarding its color, fabric, and pattern in the $13-14^{th}$ century writings and costume relics. Goryeo-Achungunsura-jisun was the summer dress coat that government officials wore during the Jisun feast of Yuan, and it was symbolic of the political strategy of Yuan as well as the excellent Goryeo fabric material, but no relics remain. During this period, Achung (dark blue)was the color that was used to dye silk, dress coats of upper class men, and background fabric of the embroidered official patch. And, the term, Yunsu (cloud sleeves), was probably sleeves with cloud pattern. The most typical cloud pattern in the 13 and the $14^{th}$ century was the 'flowing, gathering-headed cloud'. The Ra(silk gauze) weaving technique of Goryeo was developed rapidly in the $12^{th}$ century, and the quality of the Ra in the late Goryeo was good enough to be used for making the official's dress coat in the golden age of Yuan. According to the characteristic of jisun and man's formal-suit style in the Mongolian-Yuan, the possible styles for Goryeo-Achungunsura-jisun can be summarized as follows: a basic Mongolian gown with narrow sleeves and deep crossed diagonal opening, a Mongolian gown with waist pleats, the combination of half sleeved gown and long sleeved Mongolian gown. These styles would be made of delicate Goryeo Ra, cloud patterned sleeves, fabrics dyed in dark blue color, and shawl or embroidered patch ornaments for officials of Yuan, which was more simple than materials for Khan's Jisun to avoid rebellions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2003

In order to investigate different and original theories on pathology of eyes from the past main etiology of fire and heat, two texts of Si-sheng-xin-yuan written by Huang Yuan Yu and Eui-gam-jung-ma written by Lee Gyu Jun are selected and analysed in terms of pathology and prescription. Huang explained that diseases of the eyes are usually born of functional disorders of spleen and stomach(脾胃升降失調) accompanied with turbidity change of energy and blood(氣血淸濁變化). In the meantime, Lee described that the diseases are made from disorders of activities of essence, spirit, energy and blood stored in 5 viscera. So following them, the main point of treatment for the diseases of eyes is to restore and clarify the stagnated gastrointestinal(GI) function, or to supply the clear essence and blood to eyes respectively. Also they have same opinions that the fire and heat are the secondary symptoms of the optical diseases. Therefore Huang focused on cleaning the phlegm and leaking the moisture of GI tract to treat those symptoms, and Lee emphasized on nourishing essential energy of kidney and liver on the other hand. Although they preferred to use radical therapy than symptomatic one. But it can be deduced that Huang's theory is more positive and direct therapy and Lee's one is more basic but indirect treatment.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

Xu-lao(虛勞) is deficient disease which is weak body and spirit. It occurs many symptoms, for example lack of appetite, dizziness, involuntary emission of semen, wet dream, back and chest pain, night sweat, cough and so on. In oriental medicine, xu-lao(虛勞) is well-known disease and can be treated easily. In general, xu-lao (虛勞) patiences like to be treated by oriental medical doctors. In spite of improving food, house and clothes, xu-lao(虛勞) is on the increase by fatty foods and stress. In most of these cases, the cooperations of heart and kidney are hurted. On Fang-you-ge-bian(脈證方藥合編) which is the famous prescription book in Korea, gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) and Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) are used well and have good effects in these cases. Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) can treat white hair, palpitation, involuntary emission of semen, amblyopia, buzzing in the ears, backache and so on. Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) can treat lack of appetite, dizziness, involuntary emission of semen, wet dream, back and chest pain, diseased sweat, cough, coldness of hands and feet, and so on. The symptoms of Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) are similar with those of Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸). But, it is very important that Gu-an-xin-shen-wan(古庵心腎丸) can be used in cases of hot deficient disease but Jiu-yuan-xin-shen-wan(究原心腎丸) can be used in cases of cold deficient disease.