• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2005

Though the literature study on the urine therapy, we concluded as follows. It Almost use urine, healthy child's of under 10-12 age, and the gathering takes the middle part of urine. It Almost drinks fresh urine warmly. It drinks urine with Zingiber is Rhizoma Recens juice and Allii Radix or Sappan Lignum and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix which is hwa-hyeol-geo-eo medicine in vomiting blood nosebleeding, with Allii Radix and Sojae Semen Praeparatum in a headache, with bile of pig in symptoms of shang han jue yin, with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens juice Ginseng Radix's powder in doing the colon good or person have weak spleen and stomach as well as deficiency of qi with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen or Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens juice in heat movement by deficiency of blood (eum-heo-hwa-dong) with Perillae Fructus, Mori Cortex and Adenophorae Radix which hwa-dam-ji-hae medicine and sparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber Schizandrae Fructus which is bo-eum medicine in a cough by deficiency of blood(eum-heo-hae-su). Also it followed in condition and the honey little quantity alcoholic beverage it put in and with the urine it drinks it did. The case which the skin bursts Injury by biting. The eye comes to be red and smart in consequence of the fact that it swells, it pastes the warm urine in the wound region. In consequence of the fact that beriberi disease or to the case which is fed up the finger, it soaks the wound region in the urine. It was used in the external medical therapy which is various even on the thing outside which it drinks. It does not use or must use very prudently to person who has deficiency of gi and blood, weak stomach, not heat and fake heat.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.293-313
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• 2001

The oriental-western Literatural study of Amnesia, the results were as follows. 1. esia is caused by qi-depression resulted from excessive thought and deficiency of the kidney resulted from congenital deficiency and deficiency of the heart, the disharmony between the heart and the kidney, phlegm, stagnant blood, loss of the blood etc. resulted from deficiency of the heart blood. 2. The treatment method of Amnesia is as follows, the highest frequence was growing blood-tranquilization-regulating spleen, in descending order removing phlegm-stagnant blood-relaxing the mind and invigorate the heart-spleen-kidney and much tonification qi-blood and growing nutrient qi-manifesting source qi and regulating the harmony between the heart and the kidney and maintaining patency for the flow of gi were the most treatment method. 3. The treatment medicine of Amnesia is as follows, the highest frequence was Kuei Bi Tang(歸脾湯) in decending order Jeng Ji Whan(定志丸), Su Seng Whan(壽星丸), Chun Whang Boo Sim Dan(天王補心丹), Ju Jak Whan(朱雀丸), Doo Dam Tang(導痰湯), Yin Sin Kuei Sa Dan(引神歸舍丹), Ga Gam Go Bon Dan(加減固本丸), Ryung Ji Go(寧志膏), Jang Won Dan(壯元丹), Tong Ol Tang(通鬱湯). 4. In oriental medicine functional physiology and pathology was significant in differential diagnosis and treatment and in western medicine it was explained organically and psychologically. 5. In western medicine As one of memory disorder Amnesia is divided into psychogenic amnesia and organic amnesia, and organic amnesia is divided into anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia and psychogenic amnesia is divided into localized amnesia, generalized amnesia selective amnesia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Backgrounds : There have not been so many studies about the correlation of logical background between acupuncture and herbal medicine. Objectives : This study was aimed to find out the logical relationship between acupuncture points of Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) for the treatment of fever disease. Methods : I investigated the background of rationale of Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) through survey of classical text include Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine(.帝.經內經, Hwang Di Nei Jing), Liujing(類經), Zhenjiujiayijing(鍼灸甲乙經) and Huangdisuwenxuanmingfanglun(黃帝素問宣明方論). Results & Conclusions : The words "Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Wushijiuci(五十九刺)" are founded in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine(黃帝內經) are either prescription of the acupuncture points for the treatment of fever disease. However, acupuncture points of two methods are not same. According to Liujing(類經), Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) have used acupuncture points located in head, upper and lower extremities, trunk, and back. However Wushijiuci(五十九刺) just select acupuncture points of head and extremities without those of trunk and back. Acupuncture points located in yang meridian(45points) and Dumai(督脈, 5points) are significantly used more than those of yin meridian(8 points) and Renmai(任脈, 2points) in Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) and Wushijiuci(五十九刺). The distribution of acupuncture points used Wushijiuyu(五十九兪) have closer correlation with Fangfengtongshengsan(防風通聖散) than Wushijiuci(五十九刺) in the prescription.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to provide a basis for applying Korean medical treatment for childhood anorexia in clinical practice by examining Korean medical etiology, pattern differentiation, and treatment, and focusing on research articles on Chinese medicine. Methods Articles on Chinese medicine related to childhood anorexia published before November 4, 2021, in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were analyzed. The etiology, pattern differentiation, and Chinese medical treatment were summarized. Results Of a total of 73 studies, 13 were randomized controlled trials (RCT), 32 were case studies, and 28 were review papers. The most common Chinese medical etiology of childhood anorexia was emotional instability, and the western medical etiology was problems with diet and lifestyle. The most frequently reported pattern differentiations were spleen-stomach-qi deficiency (脾胃氣虛), stomach-yin deficiency (胃陰不足), and spleen failing in transportation syndrome (脾失健運). The most frequent prescriptions were modified Yangwijeungaektang (养胃增液湯加減), Samryongbakchulsan (蔘苓白术散加减), and Ekongsan (異功散加減). As frequntly used tuina acupoints, Naepalgwae (内八卦), Joksamli (足三里), and Bigyeong (脾經) were mentioned. Conclusions This study analyzed the etiology, pattern differentiation, and Korean medical treatment of anorexia in children. Based on this study, standardization and well-designed clinical studies on Korean medical treatments for childhood anorexia can be expected in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2022

This study elucidates the anti-cancer potential of gallic acid (GA) as a promising therapeutic agent that exerts its effect by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. To prove our research rationale, we used diverse experimental methods such as cell viability assay, colony formation assay, tumor spheroid formation assay, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL assay, Western blot analysis, xenograft mouse model and histological analysis. Treatment with GA inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner as measured by cell viability assay at 48 h. GA and cisplatin (CDDP) also inhibited colony formation and tumor spheroid formation. In addition, GA and CDDP induced apoptosis, as determined by the distribution of early and late apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway induced upregulation of p53 (tumor suppressor protein), which in turn regulated cell cycle related proteins such as p21, p27, Cyclin D1 and E1, and intrinsic apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. The anti-cancer effect of GA was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model. Intraperitoneal injection with GA for 4 weeks in an A549-derived tumor xenograft model reduced the size of tumor mass. Injection of them downregulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p-Akt, but upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Taken together, these results indicated that GA hindered lung cancer progression by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that GA would be a potential therapeutic agent against non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Many of our contemporaries suffer from the symptoms of phlegm-fire, which is caused by stress, processed food, heavy diet, and unseasonal fruits and vegetables. With consultations from 'Euihaklpmoon', 'DongeuiBogham', and 'Ji-San's clinical lectures' this research, which is mainly focused on phlegm-fire, concluded as following. Phlegm-fire is caused by congestion of seven emotions, congestion of qi, complication of phlegm on fire, depletion of body fluids after long periods of disease, heavy diet, or congenital unbalance of yin-yang and qi-hyul. Concentration of phlegm-fire on the head causes headache, dizziness, frontal headache, tinnitus, and auditory dysfunction. The patient usually complains breaking pain. Dhamhwabang of Yijin-tang, Chunghoonhwadham-tang, and Yijin-tang variation for right headache can be used. Concentration of phlegm-fire on the thorax causes insomnia, palpitation, and insanity. Samhoohndham-tang variation, Chungsimgondhanhwan can be used. Concentration of phlegm-fire on the gastric region causes reflux of gastric acid, eructation, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dysmenorrhea, and fluor gentalis. Yijin-tang variation for abdominal discomfort, Yanghyulsamul-tang, Hwadhamchunghwa-tang can be used. Shin type or Gi type, female with prevalence of qi and tendency of fire, female with dark facial color, female with raised eye tails and large noses, female with pointed noses, and male or female with large noses and mouths are likely to possess phlegm-fire. Abdominal discomfort of male with thick eyebrow and headache of Gi type female is usually caused by phlegm-fire.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1999

This paper was written in order to understand each constitutional symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish constitutional symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the constitutional symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different symptoms which were due to symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented constitutional symptoms and constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish constitutional symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.174-188
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• 2000

The meaning of Tiangui(天癸) in $Suwen{\cdot}Shanggutianzhenlun\;素問{\cdot}上古天眞論$ is very important because it has the cause of 'having a child' and it shows the signs to being healthy. But until now there have been many arguments about what the correct meaning of Tiangui is. The most important thing in these arguments is to compare and analyze Neijing(內經) commentators' views, and to understand differences between their views. So I compared and analyzed by focusing on Neijing(內經) text, the other books with explanatory notes, and other commentators' views, and, after that. I got the following results. 1. On the meaning of Tian(天), Wangbing(王氷) and Mashi(馬蒔) considered that it is inborn. Zhangjiecong(張志聽) considered it as the Yang(陽) producing Yin(陰) Zhangjiebin(張介賓) regarded it as the Yang(陽) of Gua symbol. On the meaning of the Gui(癸). Zhangjiebin(張介賓) said that it is Yin qi(陰氣) which is the prior step to Xing(形). Mashi(馬蒔) and Zhangzhicong(張志聽) said that it is spirit or Jingxue(spiritual sanguine) which is the concrete constituents in our body. 2. On the relation bet ween Tian(天) and Gui(癸), Mashi(馬蒔) and Zhangzhicong(張志聽) said that Gui(癸) is made from Tian(天), and Zhangjiebin(張介賓) said that Tian is intrinsic in Gui(癸). 3. On the relation between Tiangui(天癸) and Jingxue(精血), Yangshangshan(楊上善). Wangbing(王氷), and Zhangjiebin(張介賓) regarded Tiangui(天癸) as a concrete matter which is the prior step to becoming Jingxue(精血). Mashi(馬蒔) and Zhangjiecong(張志聽) considered Tiangui(天癸) as a concrete matter. Mashi(馬蒔) considered Tiangui(天癸) as Jing(精)which is directly related to pregnancy. Zhangjiecong(張志聽) regarded Tiangui(天癸) as Jingxue(精血) which controls general physiology of men and women. 4. On the function of Tiangui(天癸), Yangshangshan(楊上善) and Wangbing(王氷) considered that Tiangui (天癸) has relation to menstruation. pregnancy. and, production and extinction of Jing(精). Zhangjiecong(張志聽) argued that Tiangui(天癸) strengthens and warms muscle and derma. and controls differential physiology between men and women, and said that the maintenance of its activity is based on the acquired spirit of food. A book of 『Huangti Neijing Yanjiu Dacheng(黃帝內經硏究大成)』 said that the function of Tiangui(天癸) is to promote generation, to develop the second sexual symbol, and to make growing and aging in body. It also said that Tiangui(天癸) has some relation to kidney and other organs, Chong Meridian, Ren Meridian, Du Meridian, and Dai Meridian. 5. Other commentators of 『Neijing(內經)』 accepted the meaning of Tiangui(天癸) as the prior step of both man's spiritual overflowing and woman's menstruation. 6. On the relation between Tiangui(天癸). and, Cheng and Ren Meridians, Yangshangshan(楊上善) and Zhangjiecong(張志聽) said that Tiangui(天癸) has direct relation with two meridians. Wangbing(王氷) said that Tiangui(天癸) and two meridians have no direct relation. Now I compared commentaors' views of Tiangui(天癸) and studied the differences between their views. I concluded that on the concept of Tiangui(天癸), Zhangjiebin(張介賓)'s explanations express well its connotative meaning. And on the function of Tiangui (天癸), Zhangjiecong(張志聽)'s explanations are excellent because he organized well his seniors' views, and extended its meaning by showing Neijing(內經)'s phrases related to Chong and Ren Meridians. Also, Mashi(馬蒔) suggested that if Tiangui(天癸) comes earlier than normal. people will die soon. But I think that more studies on male and female bodies are needed as to Mashi(馬蒔)'s argument.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

Purpose : This study examined the non-toxic and the anti-oxidative effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on PC12 cells. Sanyak(Dioscoreae Rhizoma; chinese yam, shan yao) is well-known for its curing power for kidney, lung, spleen. Tonifies and augments the spleen and stomach. Tonifies the lung gi and augments the kidney yin. Tonifies the kidneys and also stabilizes and binds. it also binds the essence and treats spermatorrhea, frequent urination, and vaginal discharge. We are therefore interested in whether Dioscoreae Rhizoma is capable of causing abnormal apoptosis processes, and whether this condition can be rectified through Dioscoreae Rhizoma herb treatment. Methods : We used aqueous extract to treat PC12 cells with different concentrations treated with a water or a MeOH extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (0, x10, x20, x40, x80). The MTT (3, (4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetraxolium bromide) reduction assay was employed to quantify the differences in cell activity and viability. The Bax expression level was monitored using western-blotting techniques. The patterns of the changes in expression were scanned and analyzed. Results : Bax and GSK-3${\beta}$ promotes cell death and down-regulated during the development of the PC12 cells. This is indicated that Dioscoreae Rhizoma is capable of inducing apoptosis in PC12 cells. The induced cell death and significantly inhibited by Dioscoreae Rhizoma, which can be explained by the increase in the inhibition of Bax and GSK-3${\beta}$ expression. It was also shown that Dioscoreae Rhizoma inhibits the release of $H_2O_2$ and prevents lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the accumulation of wild type Bax protein significantly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Conclusion : In conclusion, Dioscoreae Rhizoma can induce apoptosis via a Bax-dependent pathway or GSK-3${\beta}$ dependent pathway in PC12 cells into anti-oxidant and protective effect.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.835-840
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• 2008

Acupuncture has long been contended to be effective in an ischemic stroke. A real-time monitoring of glutamate, an excitotoxin in the process of ischemic neuronal damage, in the striatum is tried in a rat model of global ischemia. Global ischemia was induced by the 11 vessel occlusion method for 10 minutes, during which acupuncture stimulation on GB34 and GB39 points was executed. Glutamate release in the rat striatum was monitored 256 times per second using real-time amperometric biosensor. Real time measurement data of 10 minutes prior to the induction of ischemia served as baseline data. Data acquisition continued for 30 minutes after the initiation of reperfusion. Peak concentration of glutamate release along with incidentally measured EEG and cerebral blood flow was compared between cases with and without acupuncture stimulation. Peak concentration of glutamate lowered when acupuncture stimulation was executed. A real time monitoring system of 11 vessel-occlusion induced global ischemia model was successfully established. The effect by acupuncture on acute global ischemia was successfully observed in this real-time monitoring setting, which may be one of the neuroprotective mechanism of acupuncture.