• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.323-359
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• 2015

This paper presents an elasto-plastic model for determination of the ground response curve of a circular underwater tunnel excavated in elastic-strain softening rock mass compatible with a nonlinear Hoek-Brown yield criterion. The finite difference method (FDM) was used to propose a new solution to calculate pore water pressure, stress, and strain distributions on periphery of circular tunnels in axisymmetric and plain strain conditions. In the proposed solution, a modified non-radial flow pattern, for the hydraulic analysis, is utilized. To evaluate the effect of gravitational loads and variations of pore water pressure, the equations concerning different directions around the tunnel (crown, wall, and floor) are derived. Regarding the strain-softening behavior of the rock mass, the stepwise method is executed for the plastic zone in which parameters of strength, dilatancy, stresses, strains, and deformation are different from their elasto-plastic boundary values as compared to the tunnel boundary values. Besides, the analytical equations are developed for the elastic zone. The accuracy and application of the proposed method is demonstrated by a number of examples. The results present the effects of seepage body forces, gravitational loads and dilatancy angle on ground response curve appropriately.

• Composites Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 집중하중을 받는 일방향 보강 섬유 금속 적층판의 손상 개시 모델을 연구하였다. 기존의 복합재료 적층판의 해석에 사용하는 일타 전단변형이론을 수정하여 섬유 금속 적층판의 하중 변위 관계를 구하였고, 유한 요소 해석을 통하여 응력을 계산한 다음 Tsai-Hill failure criterion과 Miser yield criterion을 사용하여 섬유층과 금속판의 파괴 지수를 계산하는 방법으로 섬유 금속 적층판의 손상 개시를 모델링하였다. 단순 인장과 원통형 굽힘 하중에서의 적층 각도에 따른 섬유 금속 적층판의 파괴 지수 분포를 통하여 해석의 타당성을 검증하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 집중하중을 받는 경우 섬유 방향에 따른 파괴 지수를 계산하였다. 계산된 파괴 지수를 손상 개시 하중과 비교하기 위하여 압입 시험을 수행하였다. 압입 시험은 섬유 방향의 영향을 보기 위하여 양단 고정인 경계 조건에서 수행하였다. 손상 개시 하중은 압입 선도의 앞 부분을 Hertz식을 이용하여 회귀 분석한 곡선이 실제 하중 곡선과 달라지는 점으로부터 결정하였다. 다양한 섬유 방향에 따른 압입 시험을 수행하였으며 각각의 손상 개시 하중을 파괴 지수와 비교하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2008

In order to achieve long fatigue lifetimes for cyclically pressurized thick cylinders, multi-layered compound cylinder has been proposed. Such compound cylinder involves a shrink-fit procedure incorporating a monobloc tube which has previously undergone autofrettage. The basic autofrettage theory assumes elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour. Because of the Bauschinger effect and strain-hardening, most materials do not display elastic-perfectly plastic properties and consequently various autofrettage mo dels are based on different simplified material strain-hardening models, which is assumed that combination of linear strain-hardenig and power strain-hardening model. This approach gives a more accurate prediction than the elastic-perfectly plastic model and is suitable for different strain-hardening materials. In this paper, a general autofrettage model that incorporates the material strain-hardening relationship and the Bauschinger effect, based upon the actual tensile-compressive stress-strain curve of a material was proposed. The model was obtained using the von Mises yield criterion and plane strain condition. The tensile-compressive stress-strain curve was obtained by experiment. The parameters needed in the model were determined by fitting the actual tensile-compressive curve of the material. Finally, strain- hardening model was compared with elastic-perfectly plastic model.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1079-1089
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 항복강도 1GPa 이상의 고강도재료에 대해 구형압입자를 이용한 물성평가법을 제시한다. 압입전산모사를 통해 하중-변위 관계를 응력-변형률 관계로 변환하는 네 압입변수에 대한 회귀식을 바탕으로, 고강도 물성평가용 프로그램을 작성했다. 이를 압입시험에 적용하면 단 한번의 하중-해중에서 얻어지는 데이터로 유효 응력-변형률곡선을 얻을 수 있다. 광범위한 재료들에 대해 구해진 물성치의 평균오차는 영률 0.3%, 항복강도 0.8 %, 변형경화지수 6.4 % 이내이다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 기존 건축물의 내진성능을 향상시키기 위해 시공성과 설치 비용적인 측면에서 상대적으로 우수한 강재댐퍼를 대상으로 기존 개발된 장치와 새로 개발된 형상의 장치에 대한 평가를 해석적으로 수행하였다. 해석결과는 강도 및 에너지 소산능력으로 평가하였으며, 제안된 내력 산정식의 적용을 아울러 평가하였다. 연구대상 댐퍼의 스트럿 형상은 V형, S형이며, 댐퍼의 스트럿 높이와 각도를 주요 변수로 한 후 ABAQUS를 이용하여 유한요소 해석하였다. 해석은 최대변위를 50mm로 하고 점진적인 이력변위곡선을 적용하여 수행하였다. 항복강도, 최대강도, 에너지 소산능력 평가결과, V형 및 S형 모두 우수한 성능을 보유한 것으로 평가되었으며, 또한 스트럿 각도 $60^{\circ}$ 및 높이 140, 200 mm의 성능이 안정적인 것으로 평가되었다. 전체적으로는 S형의 응답이 V형보다 안정적인 것으로 평가되어, S형 강재댐퍼의 적용성이 V형보다 유리한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2005

Rheological behaviour of fresh concrete is an important factor in controlling concrete quality. It is recognized that the measurement of the slump is not a sufficient test method to adequately characterize the rheology of fresh concrete. To further understand the slump measurement and its relationship to the rheological properties, an elasto-viscoplastic, 2-D axisymmetric finite element (FE) model is developed. The FE model employs the Bingham material model to simulate the flow of a slump test. An experimental program is carried out using the Slump Rate Machine (SLRM_II) to evaluate the finite element simulation results. The simulated slump-versus-time curves are found to be in good agreement with the measured data. A sensitivity study is performed to evaluate the effects of yield stress, plastic viscosity and cone withdrawal rate on the measured flow curve using the FE model. The results demonstrate that the computed yield stress compares well with reported experimental data. The flow behaviour is shown to be influenced by the yield stress, plastic viscosity and the cone withdrawal rate. Further, it is found that the value of the apparent plastic viscosity is different from the true viscosity, with the difference depending on the cone withdrawal rate. It is also confirmed that the value of the final slump is most influenced by the yield stress.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

Safety diagnosis of various structural components and facilities is indispensable for preventing catastrophic failure of material by time-dependent and environment accelerating degradation. Also, this diagnosis of operating components should be done periodically for safe maintenance and economical repair. However, conventional standard methods for mechanical properties have the problems of bulky specimen, destructive procedure and complex procedure of specimen sampling. So, a non-destructive and simple mechanical testing method using small specimen is needed. Therefore, an advanced indentation technique was developed as a potential method for non-destructive testing of in-field structures. This technique measures indentation load-depth curve during indentation and analyzes the mechanical properties related to deformation such as yield strength, tensile strength and work-hardening index. In this paper, we characterized the tensile properties including yield and tensile strengths of the V-modified Cr-Mo steels in petro-chemical and thermo-electrical plants. And also, the effects of hydrogen-assisted degradation of the V-modified Cr-Mo steels were analyzed in terms of work-hardening index and yield ratio.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2012

The decrease in the fracture toughness of ferritic steels in a reactor pressure vessel is an important factor in determining the lifetime of a nuclear power plant. A surveillance program has been in place in Korea since 1979 to assess the structural integrity of RPV steels. In this work, the surveillance data were collected and analyzed statistically in order to derive the empirical relationship between the embrittlement and strengthening of irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels. There was a linear relationship between the yield strength change and the transition temperature shift change at 41 J due to irradiation. The proportional coefficient was about $0.5^{\circ}C$/MPa in the base metals (plate/forgings). The upper shelf energy decrease ratio was non-linearly proportional to the yield strength change, and most of the data lay along the trend curve of the US results. The transition regime temperature interval, ${\Delta}T_T$, was less than the US data. The overall change from irradiation was very similar to the US results. It is expected that the results of this study will be applied to basic research on the multiscale modeling of the irradiation embrittlement of RPV materials in Korea.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.520-526
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• 2005

In recent years, there has been a growth of the manufacture and application of magnesium products because of its small specific gravity as well as its relatively high strength. However, there are so many studies to assure good formability because magnesium sheet alloy is difficult to form. In this study, uniaxial tensile and biaxial tensile tests of AZ31 magnesium sheet alloy with thickness of 1.2mm were performed at room temperature. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed until $7{\%}$ of engineering strain. Lankford values and stress-strain curve were obtained. Biaxial tensile tests with cruciform specimen were performed until the breakdown of the specimen occurs. The yield loci were calculated by application of plastic work theory. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions based on the Hill and Logan-Hosford model. In this study, Hill's 1979 yield function for the case of m=2.8 and Logan-Hosford yield function for the case of M=8 give good agreements with experimental results. However, next study will be performed at warm-temperature because the specimens are broken under the $0.5{\%}$ of equivalent strain at biaxial tensile test.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2017

One of the important requirements for the application of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is to retain proper mechanical properties under irradiation and high-temperature conditions. To simulate the yield strength and stress-strain curve of steels during high-temperature and irradiation conditions, a multiscale simulation method consisting of both microstructure and strengthening simulations was established. The simulation results of microstructure parameters were added to a superposition strengthening model, which consisted of constitutive models of different strengthening methods. Based on the simulation results, the strength contribution for different strengthening methods at both room temperature and high-temperature conditions was analyzed. The simulation results of the yield strength in irradiation and high-temperature conditions were mainly consistent with the experimental results. The optimal application field of this multiscale model was 9Cr series (7-9 wt.%Cr) RAFM steels in a condition characterized by 0.1-5 dpa (or 0 dpa) and a temperature range of $25-500^{\circ}C$.