• 수산경영론집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1982

Though modern banking organs were established in Korea with the Kanghwa Treaty as a momentum, the benefit of financing at that time, which was mainly given to merchants and industrialists and traders, was extremely limited to the fishermen. The fishermen who were out of favor with the benefit of financing of modern banking organs were forced to rely on high interest loans, a category of usury capital, issued by the middlemen (the Kaekju) who lent them the deficit of their necessary funds. The fact was that in the field of fisheries the middlemen who issued usury capital played the leading part in fisheries financing of the Late Yi Dynasty. The middlemen, however, sqeezed a part or all of surplus products and on occasion even necessary products out of the fishermen by means of outward compulsion of economy. Moreover they put the fishermen further in trouble by putting-out system. In order to keep on with the production of aquatic products, the fishermen with little capital and no property established the antinomic rotations with the middlemen whose disadvantageous terms they were inevitably to accept. Thus the middlemen who did business with the fishermen exercised their authority over them, securing a strong activity foundation in the field of fisheries. But the traditional form of the Kaekiu was transformed and gradually declined in the field of fisheries according as the market rules were proclaimed in 1914.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1978

Byul-Gam is a low-ranking official who takes charge of sundry services in Yi-Dynasty court, and escorts his king when he make a honored going. Uniforms of Byul-Gam are noted for their gaiety. This study aims at inquiring into uniforms of Byul-Gam through historical records. The resultant findings are as follows: 1) Uniforms of Byul-Gam are divided into full dress and ordinary clothes. 2) The full dress has two kinds of style. One is Dan-Ryung, a kind of robe, clad together with Gun as a headdress. This robe is blue, Gun for king's Byul-Gam violet, and Gun for the Crown Prince's Byul-Gam blue. The other is a combination of yellow Cho-Rip and red Chup-Ri. This is a military uniform. 3) Ordinary dresses for Byul-Gam are orange Cho-Rip and red Jik-Ryung. Underwear in this case is Hyup-Joo-Um and Chup-Ri. Hyup-Joo-Um is a kind of robe. Inside it Korean style of jacket and slacks are usually clad. 4) As time passed, the uniform of Byul-Gam had been changed from Cheong-Dan-Ryung to Hong-Dan-Ryung, and Jik-Ryung had been shifted to a full dress. 5) Only five remains of Jik-Ryung for Byul-Gam have been handed down to us. The analysis of those indicate that they gradually became similar to Duru-Magi, a kind of Korean robe. This fact is common in the other transfiguring process of dresses of robe kind.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2018

Objectives: Following the Jin Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Song Dynasties witnessed a great development of Yunqi xue. A study into this development has a vast significance in studying the history of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: The contents relating to Yunqi within the Comprehensive Medical Books, published during the Ming period, and medical texts separately published specifically dealing with Yunqi were used in order to review the unique characters of the study of Yunqi during this period. Results: There were many cases in the comprehensive medical books during the Ming period that dealt with Yunqi. Some of the examples are: Yunqilu in Yixueliuyao, YunQiZongLun in Yixuerumen, and Yunqilu in Yixueliuyao. A number of books that followed suit from the previous generation's study were published, the examples of which are Wangji's Yunqiyilan, and ZhangJiebin's LeiJingtuyi. WangJi, in his book, opposed the mechanic utilization of YunQi theory, and advocated the flexible application of the theory at the doctor's discretion. Liwei, in his YunQiZongLun, wrote a great deal of knowledge which he gained based on the previous-generation medical masters' achievements. Conclusions: Yunqi became widely accepted during the Ming period which led to some doctors advocating the flexible application of the YunQi theory, and some doctors even completely denouncing Yunqi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1978

This report observed for anatomical structure and identified species of small wood debris collected at Chungi-Hyankyo, Yunbuk-Chung, Jeju-Hyankyo, Teachung-Hyangkyo and Kwanduk-Chung in Jeju province constructed in a central period of Yi-dynasty, and now named as local cultral assets. 1. Sample of Chungi-Hyangkyo is gymnosperm with window-like pit, axial and radial cannal & dentate ray tracheid. This sample with identified with Pinus densiflora or Pinus thunbergii. 2. Samples of Yunbuk-Chung and Jeju-Hyangkyo are diffuse porous wood having small vessels with scalariform perforation plates scattered almost equally in annual ring, possess heterogenus ray parenchyma & banded apotracheal parenchyma. This sample is identified with Distylium racemosum. 3. Sample of Teachung-Hyangkyo is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It also has simple perforation plates, tylosis, homogenlls uniseriate ray parenchyma & diffuse parenchyma This sample is identified with Castanopsis cuspidata. 4. Sample of kwanduk-Chung is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It has simple perforation plates, heterogenus ray parenchyma, crystal, vasicentric parenchyma. This sample is identified with Zelkova serrata.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.141-158
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to identify general characteristics of social lifespaces in Korean family houses and to investigate the changes in the physical aspects and room functions of social lifespaces from Yi-dynasty to the present. The documentary research method was used for this study. Total of 972 out of 1,109 floor plans were analyzed for this study. The major findings were that changes of social lifespaces from Yi-dynasty to the present have been affected by natural and socio-cultural environments. The changes in the physical aspects of social lifespaces have shown from one or two social lifespaces to various single-purpose social lifespaces such as living room, family room, drawing room, and study room. In the past, the cnetral social lifespaces, Anbang(women's quarter) was larger than the living room/Daechung(wooden floor) but the living room in the present has become a central social lifespaces and larger. The room function of Anbang has changed from multi-purpose space to private space. Living room/Daechung had used as a pathway rather than a social lifespaces in the past but the living room has played many fuctional roles of family social activities in the present. The kitchen has also begun to use as a social lifespace. This is a new symptom that kitchen and dining spaces will be included as a new social lifespaces.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the introduction of foreigner's architectural engineering such as building materials techniques engineers, focused on the Late Yi-dynasty. Such all kind of building materials as timber brick tile cement lime glass window furniture and so on was imported from the foreign company in opening period of ports in Cho-son. The timer of these materials was imported from Japan, the brick tile from China, and others directly from Western counteries indirectly from Japan China. As it was active in an inflow of building materials and machines about 1890's, the modern building techniques were introduced and elementarily mastered such as timber sewing, manufacturing baking of brick glass, and masonry, The above modern techniques became the direct background in the formation of Korean modern architecture. Building engineers can be divided into three classes : architect engineer apprentice. But It could be apparently not divided the relation between architect and engineer at that time. They could be classified into job-architects who were engaged by the Korean government and leaded an active life in their settlement, and missonaries, They introduced the construction and style of modern architecture in our country, And so many skilled laborers and laborers participated in the construction of their settlement.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1999

This study aims to infer the plan and location of the government office building in Chongju Castle in the Late Yi-dynasty. The conclusion is as follows: 1. The Chongju Castle Map(淸州邑城圖, late in the 18th century, hereinafter referred to CCM) provides the detail arrangement and location of Government Office Building in Chongju Castle. And the road structure and plan of the CCM is almost same with the present time. 2. As compared with CCM and a Chongju-land Registration Map(淸州面地籍原圖, 1913, CRM) to infer the location of the traditional government office building in Chongju Castle, the building locations of Gaek-Sa(客舍) Donghun(東軒)'s region in CCM are almost accordance with today's. But those of Byungyoung(兵營) Group's region are represented by a little error. So the locations of Byungyoung(兵營) Group's region rearranged, moved down to be in accordance with the approach circulation of Main Gate(閉門樓) which is shown in CRM. 3. The records, on the plan of the traditional government office building in Chongju Castle, have proved that the plan of Gaek-Sa was a width of 11 bay and a depth of 2 bay. A width of 3 bay drawn in CCM, the present plan of Donghun is a width of 7 bay and a depth of 4 bay. The main building and especially the double-storied Main Gate($4{\times}3$) of Byungyoung Group are exactly in keeping with the present road structure.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.283-302
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• 1996

The Umsikbup is a book of Korean woman's life in the Yi-dynasty which published in middle of nineteenth century by unknown author. I have studied the food habits of the Yi-dynasty that wrote in umsikbup as followings ; The stape foods are Bab (boiled cooked rice) 1, Myons (noodles) 4 and Mandu 5 kinds. The side dishes are Guk (soup) 3, Sinsollo 1, Jim 9, Jijim 1, Nooruemi 6, Sun 2, Po 3, Muchim 1, Jabans 3, Jockpyuns 2, Pyunyuk 1, Chae 2, and Kimchi 1 kinds. Thare are D'ock 22, Kwajung 46, Beverages 9 and alcohol are 4 kinds. There are many kinds of Dasikk of the Kwajung in the Umsikbup than no other cooking books. The seasonings are soybean sauce 5, honey 6, oil 4 and sesame seeds 3, ect. There are the description of food types in the seasonal variation and also there are the wisdom of life and avoiding food ; toxic meats, fishes, vegetables and fruits in the taboo food. There are most of Kwajung in the Chanhap (food packed in nest of boxes) in addition to beverages, D'ock, Mandu, decoration methods in the seasonal variation. There are many food making terms which are 163 kinds of prepared cooking term 27 kinds of cutting terms and 17 kinds of boiling terms. And 18 kinds of expression of taste can be seen in this book. There are 24 kinds of table were and cooking kitchen utensils, but many of them came to usefulness 12 kinds of measuring units are very non-scientific because that is not by weight but by bulk or volume.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1992년도 학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.53-61
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• 1992

This study aims to find out about the traditional life and consciousness of the Yi dynasty used its residence as the place where rites of passage were heid. This study is tuying to classify the rites of passage according to the procedures by which those rituals are being held and to analyze them based upon the space where rituals take place. The results of research and analysis are as follows : 1. The most frequently used area in the house as a variety of ceremonies were held includes SARANGBANG and DAECHUNG belonging to SARANGCHE and ANBANG and DAECHUNG that belong to ANCHE. So naturally these areas are located in the main space of the house. 2. ANMADANG as well as SARANGMADANG was used as the main walkway in the house and as the main place for the ceremonies such as marriage and funenal. MADANG space in the house played a semi-indoor-space fole andperformed the functions which limited indoor space couldu's carry out when ceremonies took place. 3. It seems that SADANG had net been utilized in the daily routine but located within the residence due to the ritualism.

• 복식
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.117-138
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• 2010

This study tries to analyse the type of sasanian crowns by looking into the icons and meanings of various motifs that changed the archetype and shape of the crowns, and the social and political factors that affected those motifs. Based on such analysis, the study is aimed at completing the periodic typology of the sasanian crown. For this study the literature research is combined with the empirical analysis of information. Korymbos which symbolizes globe represented the authority and power of the sasanian kings, but the motif with such meaning was replaced by star motif in the late-sasanian crowns. The basic motifs embellishing the sasanian crown represent Gods, which is interpreted as an attempt to symbolize the relations between Gods and kings. These motifs are found on each king's crown in a different and individual way, which seems because the kings at the time chose the motif that can symbolize their own political intention or spirit. At the early days of the sasanian dynasty, Korymbos motif was highly emphasized on the crowns, and was used throughout the end of the dynasty and then was replaced by star motif. From the mid-4th century, Crescent motif started to be used, which was always shown as the shape supporting Korymbos and star motif on it. Bird wing motif was intermittently used in the early and middle days of the dynasty, and was highly emphasized in the crowns of all the kings in the end of the dynasty. Star motif started to be used in the end of sasanian dynasty.