• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2004

Sm 원소가 첨가된 $(Sm/Y)_{1.8}Ba_{2.4}Cu_{3.4}O_{7-x}$[이하 (Sm/Y)1.8] 고온초전도체를 국부용융성장법을 이용해 대기 중에서 용융성장실험을 하였다. 초기 (Sm/Y)1.8 초전도체 시편은 rubber 몰드를 이용해 냉간정수압성형(CIP) 과정을 거쳐 길이 방향 원통형상으로 제조되었다. 이렇게 얻어진 (Sm/Y)1.8 초전도체는 용융온도 및 성장속도에 따라 광학현미경, TEM그리고 SQUID magnetometer를 이용해 미세구조 및 초전도특성을 평가하였다. 이 결과 (Sm/Y)1.8 초전도체의 최적의 용융온도 및 성장속도는 $1085^{\circ}C$에서 3.5mm/hr로 나타났다. 특히 일방향으로 용융성장된 (Sm/Y)1.8 초전도체의 광학현미경 및 TEM에 의하 미세구조 관측 결과, 초전도상인 (Sm/Y)123 matrix내에 비초전도상인 (Sm/Y)211 inclusions이 균질하게 분포되어 있는 것이 관측되었다. 초전도특성을 평가한 결과 용융성장된 (Sm/Y)1.8초전도체는 90K에서 임계온도가 시작되어 77K이상의 온도에서 포화되는 특성을 보였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2015

In order to realize economical applications, it is important to reduce the ac loss of 2G high-temperature superconductor coated conductors. It seems to be reasonable that a multi-filamentary wire can decrease the magnetization loss. In this study, we prepared two samples of YBCO coated conductors with striations. We measured local superconducting properties of both samples by using Low Temperature Scanning Laser and Hall Probe Microscopy (LTSLHPM). The distribution of the local critical temperature of samples was analyzed from experimental results of Low Temperature Scanning Laser Microscopy (LTSLM) near the superconducting transition temperature. According to LTSLM results, spatial distributions of the local critical temperature of both samples are homogeneous. The local current density and the local magnetization in samples were explored from measuring stray fields by using Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM). From SHPM results, the remanent field pattern of the one bridge sample in an external magnetic field confirms the Bean's critical state model and the three bridge sample has similar remanent field pattern of the one bridge sample. The local magnetization curve in the three bridge sample was measured from external fields from -500 Oe to 500 Oe. We visualized that the distribution of local hysteresis loss are related in the distribution of the remanent field of the three bridge sample. Although the field dependence of the critical current density must be taken into account, the relation of the local hysteresis loss and the remanent field from Bean's model was useful.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2010

Sapphire resonators with $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) endplates have provided a way to realize extremely high quality factor due to the extremely low dielectric loss of sapphire and conductive loss of YBCO films, which enables to measure the low surface resistance of superconductor films at microwave frequencies. We present microwave properties of HTS sapphire resonators designed for measuring the surface resistance of HTS films at millimeter-wave frequencies by using the two-resonance mode dielectric resonator method. Despite enhanced surface resistance ($R_S$) of YBCO films due to the quadratic frequency dependence of the $R_S$, the unloaded quality factor ($Q_0$) of the $TE_{021}$ mode sapphire resonator still appears to be well above $1\;{\times}\;10^6$ at a mm-wave frequency of 38 GHz at 10 K. However, it appears that the $TE_{012}$ mode $Q_0$ is unexpectedly low despite that the corresponding resonance peak looks uncoupled with parasitic modes. We discuss possible reasons for the unexpected results using the surface resistance at the $TE_{021}$, $TE_{012}$, and $TE_{011}$ mode frequencies.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2001

Temperature dependences of the unloaded Ｑ(Ｑ$_{0}$) and the resonant frequency ( $f_{0}$) of YB $a_2$C $u_3$ $O_{7-{\delta}}$ (YBCO) microstrip ring resonators and rutile-loaded cylindrical cavity resonators were measured at low temperatures. Dc magnetron-sputtered YBCO films grown on Ce $O_2$-buffered r-cut sapphire (CbS) substrates were used fur this purpose. The surface resistances ( $R_{s}$) of YBCO films measured by both a microstrip ring resonator and a TE $01\delta$/ mode rutile-loaded cylindrical cavity resonator are compared with each other. It turned out that the values of $R_{s}$ measured by the microstrip resonator technique are comparable to those by the rutile-loaded resonator technique at temperatures lower than ~50 K. However, above 50 K, the $R_{s}$ measured by the microstrip resonator technique appeared higher according to the temperature. Our results show that the current crowding effects near the edge of a microstrip resonator become more significant at temperatures near the critical temperature.emperature.e.e.e.e.e.e.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

We have performed the current and voltage loading tests of resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLS) based on $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$(YBCO) films with the diameter of 2 inch. The SFCL consists of meander-type YBCO stripes covered with 200 nm Au layer grown in situ for current shunt and heat dispersion at hot spots. The minimum quench current of an SFCL unit was about 25 Apeak. Seven SFCL units were connected in parallel fur the current load ing tests at power source of 100 $V_{rms}$ $/2,000A_{rms}$. This SFCL units had maximum limiting current of 170 Apeak during the fault instant and then successfully controlled the fault current below 100 Apeak within 1~2 msec after short circuit. Increased short current also reduced the quench completion time with little change of current limiting characterization. We connected six SFCL units in series fur the voltage loading tests at power source of $1,200 V_{rms}$/170 $A_{rms}$ at this time. The shunt resistors were inserted into each SFCL unit to eliminate power imbalance originated from serial connection of SFCL units. Each SFCL unit was quenched simultaneously during the fault condition. The current increased up to 40 $A_{peak}$ and decreased to 14 $A_{peak}$ after 3 cycles. Quench was completed within 1 msec after the fault. We confirmed operating characteristics of 140 kVA($120 A_{rms}$ $\times$ 1,200 $V_{rms}$) SFCL and presented the manufacturing possibility of 3.3 kV SFCL using 4 inch YBCO films.BCO films.lms.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

The magnetization and/or resistivity of high $T_c$ superconductors ($YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$(YBCO) single crystal, $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8$ (Bi-2212) single crystal, $Tl_2Ba_2CaCu_2O_8$ (Tl-2212) film, $HgBa_2Ca_2Cu_3O_8$ (Hg-1223) film) have been measured as a function of magnetic field H and temperature T. The extracted fluctuation part of the magnetization and conductivity exhibits a critical behavior consistent with the three-dimensional XY model. The dynamic critical exponent z does not sensitively vary with a type of the superconductors. The value of z ranges from 1.5 to $1.8{\pm}0.1$. However, the static critical exponent ${\nu}$ is the most largely increased in Tl-2212 that has a weaker interlayer coupling strength than YBCO; the value of ${\nu}$ is 0.669, 0.909, 1.19, and 1.338 for YBCO, Bi-2212, Hg-1223, and Tl-2212 respectively. The results indicate that the weak interlayer coupling along the c-axis of high $T_c$ superconductors near $T_c$ does not influence the dynamic critical exponent z (the same value of superfluid $^4He$), but significantly increases the static critical exponent ${\nu}$.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2008

In this work, nano size $BaCeO_3$, which is a possible flux pinning medium of melt processed $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_x$ superconductor, was synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method using powders. $BaCeO_3$ and $CeO_2$ were mixed thoroughly using a ball milling for 24 hours and calcined at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours for the formation $BaCeO_3$ powder. The obtained $BaCeO_3$ powder was attrition milled at various milling times of 60 min, 120 min and 240 min. The $BaCeO_3$ powders of various milling times were mixed with $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_x$ powder. Seed melt processed $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_x$-$BaCeO_3$ (15wt.%) superconductors were prepared and the superconducting properties were investigated. It was found that $T_c$ of $Y_{1.5}Ba_{2}Cu_{3}O_x$ samples was not significantly affected by $BaCeO_3$ addition, but $J_c$ of samples was increased by $BaCeO_3$ addition. The $J_c$ improvement by fine $BaCeO_3$ powder (120 min attrition-milled) was effective at low magnetic fields less than 2 T.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2002

Bi-axially textured Ni tapes for YBCO coated conductors were Prepared by cold rolling and heat treatment of Ni Powder compacts. The Ni powder used in this study was 5 urn in particle size and 99.99 % in purity. The process of this study consists of filling of hi powder into a rubber mold, cold-isostatically Pressing and sintering of the powder compacts at 110$0^{\circ}C$ for 6h in 96 % Ar - 4 % H$_2$ atmosphere. The sintered compacts were cold rolled with a 5 % step reduction ratio into a 100 micron-thick tapes and then heat-treated at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for various time periods. The (200) texture of Ni tape was successfully developed through the recrystallization heat treatment of the cold rolled Ni tapes. At 100$0^{\circ}C$, the degree of texture of the heat-treated Ni tapes seems not to be significantly affected by the heat-treatment time. The short heat treatment of S min was sufficient to develop the complete (200) cube texture. The degree of in-Plane and out-of-plane texture of the prepared Ni tapes was 8-10$^{\circ}$. The heat treated Ni tapes consisted of equiaxed grains with a size 50-70 microns. and the AFM sol-face roughness was as smooth as 3 nm.

• 한국초전도저온공학회지:초전도와저온공학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1999

초전도 재료는 선재의 형태로 가공하면 송전선이나 변압기, 발전기 그리고 전력 저장장치 등에 사용되어 전력계통의 효율을 극대화시킬 수 있는 재료로서 실제 응용 기기의 개발을 위해 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 더우기 1980년대 후반에 개발된 고온초전도 산화물 재료는 액체질수의 비등점인 77K 이상에서 초전도현상을 나타내어 초전도 현상의 응용에 대한 기대를 고조시켜 이에 대한 연구를 더욱 활성화시키고 있다. 초전도선재 연구는 그간 PIT(Powder in Tube) 공정을 이용한 Ag/Bi-2223(Ag/$Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O$) 선재가 높은 전기적 성질과 장선 가공상의 잇점으로 인해 많은 연구와 성과가 있었다. 그러나 Ag/Bi-2223선재는 강한 자기장 하에서 통전 능력이 현저하게 저하되는 성질 때문에 높은 자기장하에서 사용하기 위해서는 사용온도를 액체질소온도보다 상당히 낮은 20K 부근까지 낮추어야 한다는 점 때문에 전력기기 개발에 제한이 따르는 단점이 있다. 이에 반해 최근에 개발된 금속/YBCO 박막 복합선재는 높은 전기적 특성 이외에 특히 높은 자장에서도 통전 능력의 저하가 적어 제한 없이 전력기기의 모든 분야에 사용할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 따라서 1993년에 일본에서 Ni 금속기판에 물리적 증착방법으로 YBCO($YiBa_2Cu_3O$) 박막을 증착시킨 선재제조에 성공하고 있어 1996년에 Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL)에서 Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrate (RaBiTS) 라는 집합조직을 형성시킨 금속기판이 개발되어 연속적인 가공의 가능성이 확인된 후 이의 특성향상 및 가공기술 개발을 위한 많은 연구가 수행되고 이다. 이 글에서는 이제 까지 개발된 금속기판을 사용한 YBCO계 초전도 박막형 선재의 제조기술 중에서 최근 가장 가능성 있는 것으로 평가되는 RABiTS 방법을 위주로 그 외에 IBAD와 ISD 방법에 관하여 소개하고 현재까지의 개발현황 및 앞으로의 전망에 대하여 간략하게 기술하고자 한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2006

Perovskite oxide materials are very important for the electronics industry, because they exhibit promising properties. With an interest in the obvious applications, significant effort has been invested in the growth of highly crystalline epitaxial perovskite oxide thin films in our laboratory. And the desired structure of films was formed to achieve excellent properties. $Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) superconducting thin films were simultaneously deposited on both sides of 3 inch wafer by inverted cylindrical sputtering. Values of microwave surface resistance R$_2$ (75 K, 145 GHz, 0 T) smaller than 100 m$\Omega$ were reached over the whole area of YBCO thin films by pre-seeded a self-template layer. For implementation of voltage tunable high-quality varactor, A tri-layer structured SrTiO$_3$ (STO) thin films with different tetragonal distortion degree was prepared in order to simultaneously achieve a large relative capacitance change and a small dielectric loss. Highly a-axis textured $Ba_{0.65}Sr_{0.35}TiO_3$ (BST65/35) thin films was grown on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrate for monolithic bolometers by introducing $Ba_{0.65}Sr_{0.35}RuO_3$ (BSR65/35) thin films as buffer layer. With the buffer layer, the leakage current density of BST65/35 thin films were greatly reduced, and the pyroelectric coefficient of $7.6\times10_{-7}$ C $cm^{-2}$ $K^{-1}$ was achieved at 6 V/$\mu$m bias and room temperature.