• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effect of water, extract of Terminalia Chebula (TC) on physiological activity in mice. TC water extract showed hemagglutination against several different types of red blood cells. $LD_{50}$ of TC extract was 390 mg/kg (po). Treatment of TC water extract orally administered 200, 300 mg/kg daily for one week. Hepatic cytosolic enzymes, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities were significantly increased comparison with normal group. Treatment of TC water extract increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and reduced glutathione content. We also found that the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase but was not affected activities of $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthetase after treatment of TC water extract. These results suggested that increase of the hepatic lipid peroxide is caused by glutathione reduction.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2014

To evaluate the improving effects of antioxidant activity, we observed antioxidant capacities such as electron donating ability (EDA), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), and sensory characteristics on mixture of Smilax china L. root water extract added with water extract of fermented S. china L. leaf by Aspergillus oryzae (FSCL). Those contents of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL were proportionally high. And OD475 of mixture with higher ratio of FSCL was almost proportionally high ($R^2=0.9850$). Antioxidant capacities of EDA and FRAP of the mixture was higher than that of non-mixture. In addition, XO inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$) of A (1.19) was 59.80% higher than that of F (2.96), and the activity of mixture by the higher ratio of FSCL was proportionally low ($R^2=0.9490$). Taste acceptability of A was slightly higher than that of F, whereas that of C was highest. And color acceptability of 40-80% mixture was higher than those of A, F, and B. Overall acceptability of C and D was highest than those of others. Moreover, hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae was maroon color, which looks like Puerh tea style, and mixture of S. china L. root extract added with hot water extract of S. china L. leaf was high acceptability of beverage. These results suggest that mixture of extract of S. china L. root and hot water extract of S. china L. leaf fermented with A. oryzae could improve antioxidant activities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Jingansikpungtang(JST) and Gamijingansikpungtang(GJST) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured nerve cells from the spinal motor neurons of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. XO/HX, a oxygen radical-generating system, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay. MTT assay, the amount of neurofilaments and increased the amount of total proteinand increased the lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH JST has the efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein, and decreasing the lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH, GJST has efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein, and decreasing lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. From the above results, it is concluded that JST and GJST have marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the XO/HX mediated oxidative stress. And JST and GJST are thought to have certain pharmacologicall effects. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of JST and GJST should be complemented.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidant effect of Wasabia japonica(WJ). The anti-oxidant activities of various extracts from WJ were investigated. The water and ethanol extracts of WJ leaf were found to cause significant free radical scavenging effects on DPPH and nitric oxide(NO). Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one normal diet and three high cholesterol diet groups which contained 1%(w/w) cholesterol. After 4weeks cholesterol diet, the groups of high cholesterol diet were classified to control(normal diet only), WJR5(normal diet and 5% WJ root) and WJL5(normal diet and 5% WJ leaf). Liver xanthine oxidase(XO) activity in the rats of high cholesterol diet was decreased up to the levels of normal diet group according to WJ diet. The results indicated that WJ possesses antioxidant effects through free radical scavenging effects on DPPH, NO and the decreasing of XO activity. In view of these results, WJ is expected to be an effective material for the anti-oxidant.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.494-505
• /
• 2019

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus vaninii were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.38%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME (98.19%) and HE (97.55%) were higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (92.66%) at 2.0 mg/mL. Neither ME nor HE was cytotoxic to murine melanoma B16-F10 cells at 25-750 ㎍/mL. Although the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of ME and HE were significantly lower than that of allopurinol, the values were higher than 84 percent. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ME and HE were comparable to kojic acid at 2.0 mg/mL. The cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthetic activities of ME and HE on B16-F10 melanoma cells at 500 ㎍/mL were higher than arbutin, indicating that the inhibitory effects of arbutin on the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis were higher than those of ME and HE. The collagenase inhibitory activity of HE was comparable to EGCG at 2.0 mg/mL, however, the elastase inhibitory activity of ME and HE was lower than EGCG at the concentration tested. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Ph. vaninii possessed good antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, cell-free anti-tyrosinase, cellular anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be used for the development of novel anti-gout, skin-whitening, and skin anti-wrinkle agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2010

A rare isoflavone, 7, 8, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, was isolated from a 10-year-old fermented soybean food. 7, 8, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone was isolated for the first time from a Korean fermented soybean food. Evaluation tests of biological activity showed significantly inhibition activity for free radical scavenging on both non-enzymatic (DPPH system) and enzymatic method (xanthine oxidase system). DPPH radical scavenging effect of 7, 8, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone was similar with vitamin C in a dose-dependent manner. In xanthine oxidase (XO) system 7, 8, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone showed superoxide radical inhibition activity of 50 % at a concentration of $6.6{\pm}0.4\;{\mu}M$. Also, the compound significantly suppressed cellular MMP-1 formation. These results suggest that 7, 8, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone could be developed as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent against skin aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.1101-1108
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the physiological activities of the extracts from Korean and Chinese Viola mandshurica W. Baker. The water extract from leaves of Chinese V. mandshurica exhibited the highest extraction yields of 30.45 g/100 g and the highest content of total flavonoids as 102.30 mg/g. Also, its ethanol extract showed the best content of polyphenol compounds as 136.16 mg/g. The leaf extract of Korean V. mandshurica produced higher electron donating abilities (EDA) of 92.69% (KLW) and 93.61% (KLE) than the other fractions. The strongest SOD-like activity was shown in the ethanol extract from Korean leaves of 17.28% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the leaf extracts of V. mandshurica from China were intense over 50% at pH 1.2 and 3.0. In the results of inhibitory rates of xanthine oxidase (XO), both ethanol extracts from Korean and Chinese leaves were higher than the other fractions as 98.67% and 93.80% respectively. Effect of tyrosinase inhibition was the highest in the water extract (45.04%) of Chinese leaves, followed by its ethanol extract (31.36%). The results of EDA, SOD-like activity and XO inhibition of the leaf extracts from Korean V. mandshurica were higher than those of Chinese, on the other hand, determinations on total polyphenol contents, NSA and tyrosinase inhibition were higher in those of Chinese.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in cellular signaling processes as a cause of oxidative stress. According to recent studies, ROS and RNS are important signaling molecules involved in pain transmission through spinal mechanisms. In this study, a patch clamp recording was used in spinal slices of rats to investigate the action mechanisms of $O_2{^{{\bullet}_-}}$ and NO on the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neuron. The application of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X/XO) compound, a ROS donor, induced inward currents and increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) in slice preparation. The application of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), a RNS donor, also induced inward currents and increased the frequency of sEPSC. In a single cell preparation, X/XO and SNAP had no effect on the inward currents, revealing the involvement of presynaptic action. X/XO and SNAP induced a membrane depolarization in current clamp conditions which was significantly decreased by the addition of thapsigargin to an external calcium free solution for blocking synaptic transmission. Furthermore, X/XO and SNAP increased the frequency of action potentials evoked by depolarizing current pulses, suggesting the involvement of postsynaptic action. According to these results, it was estblished that elevated ROS and RNS in the spinal cord can sensitize the dorsal horn neurons via pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. Therefore, ROS and RNS play similar roles in the regulation of the membrane excitability of SG neurons.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2020

The protective effects of a Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb (CO) extract against manganese dioxide (MnO₂)-induced cytotoxicity in cultured C6 glioma cells were examined. This study assessed the antioxidative effects, including the suppressive ability of lipid peroxidation (LP), the inhibitory ability of xanthine oxidase (XO), and the cell viability. MnO₂ decreased the cell viability remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. The XTT₅₀ value was determined to be 146.7 μM in these cultures. The cytotoxicity of MnO₂ was calculated to be mid-toxic using Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. Kaempferol (KAE) increased the cell viability damaged by MnO₂-induced cytotoxicity significantly. Regarding the protective effects of the CO extract on MnO₂-induced cytotoxicity, the CO extract increased cell viability significantly compared to the MnO₂-treated group. The CO extract also had inhibitory abilities against lipid peroxidation (LP) and xanthine oxidase (XO). From these findings, oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of MnO₂. The CO extract effectively blocked the cytotoxicity induced by MnO₂ via its antioxidative effects. Conclusively, natural resources, such as the CO extract, might be a useful agent for the diminution or improvement of the heavy metal cytotoxicity correlated with disease through oxidative stress, such as MnO₂, a Parkinsonism inducer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.1113-1119
• /
• 2007

Water extracts from root, stem and leaf of Ailanthus altissima were utilized to determine antioxidant properties such as electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and tyrosinase. The EDA of root extract was the highest as 77.33% at 0.5 mg/mL concentration and that of stem extract was 70.01% at 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability of leaf extract revealed the highest effect as 95.18% at pH 1.2, 1.0 mg/mL while those of stem and root extracts were 55.17% and 33.33%, respectively. The leaf extract showed the highest SOD like activity as 26.77% at 1.0 mg/mL, the measurement of root extract was 3.82% and that of stem extract was not effective. All kinds of extracts had strong inhibitory activities on XO of over 92% at 1.0 mg/mL. The highest activity on tyrosinase inhibition was obtained from leaf extract of 16.33% at 2.0 mg/mL. The results indicated that among the three extracts, the leaf extract has a strong and extensive antioxidant activity.