• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 2014

A fifty-year-old female non-smoker with no other specific medical history visited our institute. She complained of axial back pain with no other neurological deficit. Chest X-ray, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy, whole-body positron emission tomography, spine CT and spine magnetic resonance image findings suggested NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, multiple brain metastases, and two isolated metastases to the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies. She underwent chemotherapy with gefitinib ($Iressa^{TM}$) for NSCLC and gamma knife surgery for multiple brain metastases. We performed a two-staged, total en bloc spondylectomy of the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies based on several good prognostic characteristics, such as the lack of metastases to the appendicular bone, good preoperative performance status, and being an excellent responder (Asian, never-smoker and adenocarcinoma histology) to EGFR inhibitors. Improved axial back pain after the surgery enabled her to walk with the aid of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis brace on the third postoperative day. Her Karnofsky performance status score (KPS) was 90 at the time of discharge and has been maintained to date 3 years after surgery. In selected NSCLC patients with good prognostic characteristics, we suggest that locally curative treatment such as total en bloc spondylectomy or radiosurgery should be emphasized to achieve longer term survival for the selected cases.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1152-1162
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• 2011

This study was function experiment or inspection of diagnosis x-ray unit at the hospital. It's how many changes tube voltage, tube current, DOSE value through the experiment depending on temperature increasing. The study want to know whether which parameter shown out of range or not how about image quality and so on. Increasing tube current and DOSE were not only too many radiation to the patient and radiation workers and make bad images but also the tube should be damaged by heat. This study was recommended proper exposure at intervals of seconds because passed inspection, reduced radiations for patient and the tube used long term. This results in the hospital's finances will be very helpful.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2009

Objective : Bilateral C1-2 transarticular screw fixation (TAF) with interspinous wiring has been the best treatment for atlantoaxial instability (AAI). However, several factors may disturb satisfactory placement of bilateral screws. This study evaluates the usefulness of unilateral TAF when bilateral TAF is not available. Methods : Between January 2003 and December 2007, TAF was performed in 54 patients with AAI. Preoperative studies including cervical x-ray, three dimensional computed tomogram, CT angiogram, and magnetic resonance image were checked. The atlanto-dental interval (ADI) was measured in preoperative period, immediate postoperatively, and postoperative 1, 3 and 6 months. Results : Unilateral TAF was performed in 27 patients (50%). The causes of unilateral TAF were anomalous course of vertebral artery in 20 patients (74%), severe degenerative arthritis in 3 (11%), fracture of C1 in 2, hemangioblastoma in one, and screw malposition in one. The mean ADI in unilateral group was measured as 2.63 mm in immediate postoperatively, 2.61 mm in 1 month, 2.64 mm in 3 months and 2.61 mm in 6 months postoperatively. The mean ADI of bilateral group was also measured as following; 2.76 mm in immediate postoperative, 2.71 mm in 1 month, 2.73 mm in 3 months, 2.73 mm in 6 months postoperatively. Comparison of ADI measurement showed no significant difference in both groups, and moreover fusion rate was 100% in bilateral and 96.3% in unilateral group (p=0.317). Conclusion : Even though bilateral TAF is best option for AAI in biomechanical perspectives, unilateral screw fixation also can be a useful alternative in otherwise dangerous or infeasible cases through bilateral screw placement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.83-89
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• 1989

Ferroelectric $PbTiO_3$ thin film is deposited with rf sputtering at substrate temperature of $100-150^{\circ}C$. It is found that this has pyrochlore structure of amorphous type by X-ray diffractive analysis. Thermal annealing has excellent characteristics at $550^{\circ}C$ and laser annealing has best crystalline structure in case of scanning with 50 watts. Interface states in MFST and MFOST structure with a $PbTiO_3$ ferroelectric thin film gate have been investigated from analysis of C-V data. The interface states density has been drastically reduced by inserting an oxide layer between ferroelectric and semiconductor. The observed effect increase feasibility of employing ferroelectric thin films such as nonvolatile memory field effect transistor, IR optical FET, and Image Devices with a ferroelectric layer.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) and critical current density ($J_c$) of YBCO films were studied. The YBCO thin films were irradiated using a KAERI EB accelerator with an energy of 0.2 MeV and a dose of $10^{15}-10^{16}e/cm^2$. A small $T_c$ decrease and a broad superconducting transition were observed as the EB dose increased. The value of $J_cs$ (at 20 K, 50 K and 70 K) increased at doses of $7.5{\times}10^{15}$ and $2.2{\times}10^{16}e/cm^2$. However, $J_cs$ decreased as the dose increased further. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the c axis of YBCO was elongated and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increased as the dose increased, which is strong evidence of the atomic displacement by EB irradiation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the amorphous layer formed in the vicinity of the surfaces of the irradiated films. The amorphous phase was often present as an isolated form in the interior of the films. In addition to the formation of the amorphous phase, many striations running along the a-b direction of YBCO were observed. The high magnification lattice image showed that the striations were stacking faults. The enhancement of $J_c$ by EB irradiation is likely to be due to the lattice distortion and the formation of defects such as vacancies and stacking faults. The decrease in $J_c$ at a high EB dose is attributed to the extension of the amorphous region of a non-superconducting phase.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

Purpose: The objective of this study is to find the differentiating characteristics of ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts of the jaw by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images of the lesions, clarify radiological characteristics associated with jaw lesions, and to make a diagnsis based on these findings. Materials and Methods : Test subjects were chosen among the patients who were diagnosed as having an odontogenic keratocyst or ameloblastoma at the Yonsei University Dental Hospital from January 1996 to December 2000 and had CT scans taken preoperatively. The subject pool was comprised of 51 cases of odontogenic keratocyst and 37 cases of ameloblastoma. The following measures were used for image analysis of the lesion: the anatomic location, CT pattern, mesiodistal width, buccolingual width, the ratios between mesiodistal width and buccolingual width, height, CT number, homogeneity of radiodensity, the appearance of a sclerotic rim, continuity of adjacent cortical bone, and displacement and resorption of adjacent teeth. Results: Comparing the CT patten, mesiodistal width, buccolingual width, height, CT number, homogeneity, appearance of sclerotic rim, continuity of adjacent cortical bone, there were statistically significant differences between ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst test subjects (p<0.05). Comparing the ratios between mesiodistal width and buccolingual width, displacement and resorption of adjacent teeth, there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: We compared odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas in CT scans. They occurred most frequently in the posterior to the ramus of the mandible. The findings of patterns of the CT images showed that size and border of lesions were more aggressive in ameloblastomas than in odontogenic keratocysts. The internal contents represented an increased attenuation area (IAA) in odontopenic keratocyst. Odontogenic keratocysts were shown to have higher CT numbers than ameloblastomas.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Purpose: We have developed a new method of segmenting the areas of absorbable implants and bone using region-based segmentation of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images, which allowed us to quantify volumetric bone-implant contact (VBIC) and volumetric absorption (VA). Materials and Methods: The simple threshold technique generally used in micro-CT analysis cannot be used to segment the areas of absorbable implants and bone. Instead, a region-based segmentation method, a region-labeling method, and subsequent morphological operations were successively applied to micro-CT images. The three-dimensional VBIC and VA of the absorbable implant were then calculated over the entire volume of the implant. Two-dimensional (2D) bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) were also measured based on the conventional histomorphometric method. Results: VA and VBIC increased significantly with as the healing period increased (p<0.05). VBIC values were significantly correlated with VA values (p<0.05) and with 2D BIC values (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is possible to quantify VBIC and VA for absorbable implants using micro-CT analysis using a region-based segmentation method.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study was performed to characterize the effects of zirconia coated with calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite compared to smooth zirconia after bone marrow-derived osteoblast culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on (1) smooth zirconia, (2) zirconia coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), and (3) zirconia coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). The tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT test) was used for cell proliferation evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured to evaluate the cellular morphology and differentiation rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed for the analysis of surface chemistry. The genetic expression of the osteoblasts and dissolution behavior of the coatings were observed. Assessment of the significance level of the differences between the groups was done with analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS. From the MTT assay, no significant difference between smooth and surface coated zirconia was found (P>.05). From the SEM image, cells on all three groups of discs were sporadically triangular or spread out in shape with formation of filopodia. From the ALP activity assay, the optical density of osteoblasts on smooth zirconia discs was higher than that on surface treated zirconia discs (P>.05). Most of the genes related to cell adhesion showed similar expression level between smooth and surface treated zirconia. The dissolution rate was higher with CaP than HA coating. CONCLUSION. The attachment and growth behavior of bone-marrow-derived osteoblasts cultured on smooth surface coated zirconia showed comparable results. However, the HA coating showed more time-dependent stability compared to the CaP coating.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.5
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• pp.226-230
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• 2013

Fetal adenocarcinoma is a rare adenocarcinoma subtype of pulmonary blastoma. A 48-year-old male patient is being referred to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea. A chest X-ray showed a lung mass of unknown origin that was obstructing the right main bronchus. After relieving the airway obstruction with stent insertion via bronchoscopy, a diagnosis of fetal adenocarcinoma is being confirmed through thoracoscopic biopsy. Due to the locally advanced state of the lung cancer, it seemed to be inoperable, and concurrent chemo-radiation therapy was being administered with docetaxel. The stent was removed after improvements in the airway obstruction followed by a lung mass shrinkage. Comparing to other contexts which describe fetal adenocarcinoma as lower grade malignancy with low-associated mortality, herein, we describe a case of locally-advanced fetal adenocarcinoma (T4N3M0). This is the first documented case being treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. The followed-up image studies represent a partial response and the patient is currently under further observations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2002

The ultrastructural characteristics of epidermis isolated from healthy and rusty ginseng roots(Panax ginseng) were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the distribution profiles of inorganic elements were also examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The epidermis of rusty ginseng was thick and cell walls were also severely disrupted whereas the epidermal image of healthy ginseng showed relatively thin, clear and rectangular structure. A high amount of rod-shaped bacteria was found in rusty ginseng and cells near bacteria were degraded. The bacterial density in epidermis of rusty ginseng was ranged from 2.9$\times$10$^{6}$ to 3.5 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ CFU/g fresh weight, while that of healthy ones was from 4.7$\times$10$^2$ to 1.2$\times$10$^3$CFU/g. Artificial inoculation of bacteria isolated from rusty ginseng induced similar symptom like rusty ginseng. The mineral contents inculding Al, Si and Fe were Higher in the epidermis of rusty ginseng, but K content was lower compared to healthy ones.