• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.150-154
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• 1977

In the diagnosis of parasitic helminthic diseases, the value of examining and identifying the parasitic eggs and/or adult parasites from patient's urine or stool are well appreciated. However, these methods have a limited value in the diagnosis of tissue or intracellular parasitism, and we have to rely on supplementary methods such as immune-serological test. The author tested the value of gel precipitation reactions as a diagnostic method of clonorchiasis by observing the appearance of bands in rats experimentally infected with Clonorchis sinensis, And the therapeutic effect of CIBA 35'058-Ba was evaluated by this serological method. The antigen was prepared from the adult worms infected in rabbits by Tsuji method. Rats infected with 40 metacercariae each were bled on 7,14,21,26,28,39,42(43),49(53) days after infection to observe the appearance of precipitin bands by both Oucterlony method and immunoelectrophoresis. Fifteen rats were separately infected and treated with CIBA 35'058-Ba in dose of 15mg/kg of body weight. The following results were obtained: 1. It was observed that there exist individual variations in the appearance of the first precipitin band with the range of 2-4 weeks after infection. 2. The number of precipitin bands was increased until 6-7 weeks after infection. In all cases, 3 precipitin bands were appeared by Oucterlony method and 6-7 bands were appeared by immunoelectrophoresis after 6-7 weeks of infecion. 3. It was hardly possible to notice any change in the number of bands after the administration of CIBA 35'058-Ba. This result suggested that the drug has no effect on clonorchiasis which was confirmed by the autopsy of the experimental rats.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1993

사육밀도를 달리한 지렁이 개체군에 우분을 먹이로 공급하였을 때 지렁이 생육과 분립의 생산량 및 분립의 화학적 조성을 조사하였다. 지렁이의 생존율과 증식속도사이에의 유의한 정상관이, 생존율과 증식속도간에는 역상관이 존재하였다. 최적사육밀도는 $42.7-128cm^3$/마리의 범위로 추정되었으며, 최적사육밀도에서 분립의 생산량은 36.5-80.9 mg/마리의범위로 추정되었다. 분립은 그화학적 조성과 물리적 성상으로 볼 때 토양개량제로서 이용가치가 높다고 판단되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권6호
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• pp.855-864
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 악성 코드, 인터넷 웜과 같은 비정상 트래픽의 생성을 탐지하고 대응하는 침입탐지시스템 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템의 경보정보 대응능력 성능분석을 위하여 시스템 모델링을 수행하고, OPNET을 이용하여 시뮬레이터를 설계하고 구현한다. 먼저 비정상적인 트래픽으로 부터 초래되는 경보정보의 도착 프로세스를 모델링 한다. 경보정보가 집중적으로 발생하는 상황을 모델링하기 위하여 트래픽의 burstiness(군집성)를 잘 나타낼 수 있는 IBP(Interrupted Bunoulli Process)를 적용한다. 다음에 성능파라미터에 대한 시스템의 정량적인 이해를 위하여 모의실험을 수행한다. 성능분석 결과를 바탕으로 보안노드의 고속화를 저해하는 요인을 분석하고 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 도출 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

Ever since the network-based malicious code commonly known as a 'worm' surfaced in the early part of the 1980's, its prevalence has grown more and more. The RCS (Random Constant Spreading) worm has become a dominant, malicious virus in recent computer networking circles. The worm retards the availability of an overall network by exhausting resources such as CPU capacity, network peripherals and transfer bandwidth, causing damage to an uninfected system as well as an infected system. The generation and spreading cycle of these worms progress rapidly. The existing studies to counter malicious code have studied the Microscopic Model for detecting worm generation based on some specific pattern or sign of attack, thus preventing its spread by countering the worm directly on detection. However, due to zero-day threat actualization, rapid spreading of the RCS worm and reduction of survival time, securing a security model to ensure the survivability of the network became an urgent problem that the existing solution-oriented security measures did not address. This paper analyzes the recently studied efficient dynamic network. Essentially, this paper suggests a model that dynamically controls the RCS worm using the characteristics of Power-Law and depth distribution of the delivery node, which is commonly seen in preferential growth networks. Moreover, we suggest a model that dynamically controls the spread of the worm using information about the depth distribution of delivery. We also verified via simulation that the load for each node was minimized at an optimal depth to effectively restrain the spread of the worm.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.26.1-26.8
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• 2016

Background: The nematode species belonging to genus Anisakis occur at their third larval stage in numerous marine teleost fish species worldwide and known to cause accidental human infection through the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or squids. They may also draw the attention of consumers because of the visual impact of both alive and dead worms. Therefore, the information on their geographical distribution and clear species identification is important for epidemiological survey and further prevention of human infection. Results: For identification of anisakid nematodes species isolated from largehead hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA were conducted. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene was also sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. From the largehead hairtail (n = 9), 1259 nematodes were isolated in total. Most of the nematodes were found encapsulated throughout the viscera (56.2 %, 708/1259) or moving freely in the body cavity (41.5 %, 523/1259), and only 0.3 % (4/1259) was found in the muscles. By PCR-RFLP, three different nematode species were identified. Anisakis pegreffii was the most dominantly found (98.7 %, 1243/1259) from the largehead hairtail, occupying 98.7 % (699/708) of the nematodes in the mesenteries and 98.1 % (513/523) in the body cavity. Hybrid genotype (Anisakis simplex ${\times}$ A. pegreffii) occupied 0.5 %, and Hysterothylacium sp. occupied 0.2 % of the nematodes isolated in this study. Conclusions: The largehead hairtail may not significantly contribute accidental human infection of anisakid nematode third stage larvae because most of the nematodes were found from the viscera or body cavity, which are not consumed raw. But, a high prevalence of anisakid nematode larvae in the largehead hairtail is still in concern because they may raise food safety problems to consumers. Immediate evisceration or freezing of fish after catch will be necessary before consumption.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2002

Phlegm is defined as the static fluid in excess in one or more parts of the body. It is not only a pathologic product but also a pathogen itself. However, as it says Phlegm is another title for the body fluid. phlegm can be physiological. In Hyungsang medicine. since the Hyungsang which an individual shows determines his or her illness. the principle to treat phlegm also varies according to the individual's Hyungsang. Thus, the author reviewed ‘Jisan’s Special Lectures for Clinicians’ and summarized the concepts and diagnostics of phlegm, and treatment and regimens by Hyungsang medicine. The concepts of phlegm : Phlegm is not only a pathologic product of disharmony of Jung(精), Ki(氣), Shin(神) and Hyul(血) but also a driving force to mature and transform these constituents. Phlegm is another designation for the Fluid. Phlegm can act as an alternative substance or buffering agent. If we describe our body as the habitat of worms. phlegm could be the inhabitant. Diagnostics of phlegm : The infraorbital areas have a dark-gray or blackish coloring. A man who is feminine or a woman who is masculine tends to develop phlegm. One of the major signs of phlegm is pain in Chungwan(中脘). The color of the skin does not change. Treatment of phlegm by Hyungsang medicine. For the Jung type(精科) and the Hyul type(血科), phlegm treatment is to supply Jung and Blood or eliminate Damp-phlegm. The man needs tonifying herbs and the woman needs herbs which promote the flow of Ki(氣). Children and the aged are. tegardless of the nature of disease, to be warmed and supplemented. For the heavy man. treatment is to supplement Ki and eliminate Damp; for the slim man. treatment is to supplement Yin(陰) and purge Heat.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1988

경북 청송군 일부 하천 유역에서 호르텐스극구흡충의 유행양상을 조사하는 한편 이 흡충 의 인체감염시 나타나는 임상적 및 기생충학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 주민 263명을 대상으로 실시한 검편에서 호르텐스극구흡충란 양성자는 59명 (22.4%)이었으며, 제2중간숙주인 담수어 조사에서는 미꾸리, 얼룩동사리 및 몰개로부터 호르텐스극구흡충의 피낭유충이 검출되었다. Pragiquantel 투여 후 시행한 충체 수집검사에서 감염자 1인당 1∼649(평균 51)마리의 충체가 검출되었고, 혈액학적 검사에서 호산구가 l∼24%(평균 6%)로 나타났다. 개인별 충란 및 충체검출 성적을 토대로 할 때, 충체 마리당 1일 평균 산란수는 1,478개로 계산되었다. 따라서 이 연구 결과, 경북 청송군 일부 하천 유역이 호르텐스극구흡충의 고도 유행지임을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1993

반지락(Tapes philippinarurm)에서의 수집한 피낭유충을 동정하기 위하여 ICR계 마우스에 피낭유충을 경구감염시킨 다음 제 7일, 제 10일, 제 14일에 희생시키고 소장을 적출하여 충체를 회수하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.피낭유충은 작은 충체($312{\;}{\times}{\;}202{;\}{\mu\textrm{m}}$)가 피포하지 않은 상태로 감염되어 있고, 구홉반이 크고 잘 발달되었고 측명돌기가 관찰되었다. 장관은 이분지 되어 끝부분이 매우 부풀어 오른 맹관이었으며 복흡반까지 닿아 있었다. Ventral pit는 관찰되지 않았고 생식공은 원형으로 구홉반과 복합반 사이에 위치하였다. 배설낭은 V자 모양으로 두팔부분은 구홉반까지 닿아 있었다. 2.마우스 소장에서의 회수율 평균 20.1% 이었으며 감염 후 10일 째의 회수율이 가장 높았고 14일에는 현저히 간소하였다. 3.성충은 피낭유충과 크기의 차이가 없었다. 난황선은 한 개가 복합반의 왼쪽 옆에 위치하였다. 저장낭은 한부분으로 이루어져 있었고 복흡반보다 전방에 위치하였다. 고환은 한쌍으로 복흡반 후측장에 위치하였고 난소는 오른쪽 고환이 전방에 위치하였다. 충란은 길이 $28{;\}{\mu\textrm{m}}(27-30{;\}{\mu\textrm{m}})$, 폭 $19{;\}{\mu\textrm{m}}(17-20{;\}{\mu\textrm{m}})$으로 껍질이 매우 얇았으며 날개가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 반지락을 제2중간숙주로 하는 Parvatrema timondavidi(Digenea:Gymnophallidae)가 국내에 분포함을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

Eosinohil and IgE responses of interleukin IL(-5 transgenic and normal C3H/HeN mice were studied after experimental infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 9Nb). Intestinal worms were recovered at day 5 post-infection (PI), and numbers of total white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils, and total serum IgE and anti-hapten (dinitrophenyl)(DNP) specific IgE titers, were measured at days 0,14 and PI. IL-5 mice appeared resistant to Nb infection showing a significantly ower worm recovery rate than normal mice (P<0.05). Total WBC and eosinophil counts (/mm3) were significantly increased in Nb infected normal mice (p<0.05), but unchanged (total WBC) or decreased (eosinophils) in IL-5 mice at day 21 PI. The total serum IgE level remarkably increased in normal mice, but only a little in IL-5 mice at days 14 and 21 PI. Priming with DNP brought about more remarkable increases of the total and anti-DNP specific IgE in normal mice than in IL-5 mice. The results show that IL-5 mice are resistant to Nb infection, and that eosinophil and IgE responses in these mice are not augmented by N infection.