• 제목/요약/키워드: Working Class

검색결과 438건 처리시간 0.034초

한국 약선 교육 수강생들의 교육 만족도 및 요구도 (A Study on the Needs and Educational Satisfaction of Korean Herbal Food Educators)

  • 조수경;심기현
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.611-623
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    • 2011
  • The goal of this study was to understand the reasons for learning about Korean herbal food by examining the actual conditions in a Korean herbal food course during lifestyle education. The general characteristics of the people learning about or working with the food as well as the correlations between the examined factors were analyzed, focusing on each person's dietary lifestyle. We divided the class participants into five dietary lifestyle groups by analyzing their scores. Group 1 was the"taste-seeking type", group 2 was the "quality-seeking type", group 3 was the"economy-seeking type", group 4 was the"convenience and economy-seeking type", and group 5 was the"convenience and health-seeking type". A person with a cooking career was considered to have more experience with Korean herbal food. The highest motivation for Korean herbal food education was for professional reasons, and the class that was most appreciated was learning about Korean traditional herbal foods. The highest satisfaction for the class was based on the instructor's knowledge, followed by food tastes, foodstuffs, educational materials, and the facilities superintendent. Satisfaction with the class tuition and practical utilization was relatively low.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of unilateral mastication in malocclusion cases using cone-beam computed tomography and a motion capture system

  • Yang, Hun-Mu;Cha, Jung-Yul;Hong, Ki-Seok;Park, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.96-106
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: Stress distribution and mandible distortion during lateral movements are known to be closely linked to bruxism, dental implant placement, and temporomandibular joint disorder. The present study was performed to determine stress distribution and distortion patterns of the mandible during lateral movements in Class I, II, and III relationships. Methods: Five Korean volunteers (one normal, two Class II, and two Class III occlusion cases) were selected. Finite element (FE) modeling was performed using information from cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of the subjects' skulls, scanned images of dental casts, and incisor movement captured by an optical motion-capture system. Results: In the Class I and II cases, maximum stress load occurred at the condyle of the balancing side, but, in the Class III cases, the maximum stress was loaded on the condyle of the working side. Maximum distortion was observed on the menton at the midline in every case, regardless of loading force. The distortion was greatest in Class III cases and smallest in Class II cases. Conclusions: The stress distribution along and accompanying distortion of a mandible seems to be affected by the anteroposterior position of the mandible. Additionally, 3-D modeling of the craniofacial skeleton using CBCT and an optical laser scanner and reproduction of mandibular movement by way of the optical motion-capture technique used in this study are reliable techniques for investigating the masticatory system.

분산주성분 분석을 이용한 고등학교교실 내 오염패턴분류에 관한 연구 (Classification of Pollution Patterns in High School Classrooms using Disjoint Principal Component Analysis)

  • 장철순;이태정;김동술
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.808-820
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    • 2006
  • In regard to indoor air quality patterns, the government introduced various polices that were about managing and monitoring quality of indoor air as a major assignment, and also executed 'Indoor Air Quality Management Act' which was presented in the May, 2004. However, among the multi-usage facilities controlled by the Act, the school was not included yet. This study goal was to investigate PM 10 pollution patterns of the high school classrooms using a pattern recognition method based on cluster analysis and disjoint principal component analysis, and further to survey levels of inorganic elements in May, June, and September, 2004. A hierarchical clustering method was examined to obtain possible objects in pseudo homogeneous sample classes by transformation raw data and by applying various distance. Following the analysis, the disjoint principal component analysis was used to define homogeneous sample class after deleting outliers. Then three homogeneous Patterns were obtained as follows: the first class had been separated and objects in the class were considered to be sampled under semi-open condition. This class had high concentration of Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Al, and Na which are related with a soil and a chalk compounds. The second class was obtained in which objects were sampled while working air-conditioners and was identified low concentration of PM 10 and elements. Objects in the last class were assigned during rainy day. A chalk, soil element and various types of anthropogenic sources including combustions and industrial influenced the third class. This methodology was thought to be helpful enough to classify indoor air quality patterns and indoor environmental categories when controlling an indoor air quality.

경제활동참여 베이비부머의 소비유형과 우울의 관계 (The Effect of Worker' Consumption Patterns on Depression: Focusing on Baby-boomers)

  • 박서영;홍송이
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.439-452
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 경제활동에 참여하는 은퇴 전 한국 베이비부머의 소비유형을 실증적으로 탐색하고, 유형별 소비가 우울에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 잠재프로파일분석을 이용하여 베이비부머의 소비를 분석한 결과, 기초생활중심형, 사회생활중심형, 주거생활중심형, 고급소비중심형의 4가지 유형이 구조화되었다. 이러한 소비유형과 우울은 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 증명되었는데, 특히 사회생활중심형 소비유형과 비교하여 기초생활중심형과 고급소비중심형의 우울수준이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 교육수준이 낮을수록, 배우자가 없는 경우, 주관적 건강상태가 나쁜 경우, 신체기능에 제한이 있을수록, 장애진단을 받을수록, 여가활동에 만족하지 않을수록, 소득이 낮은 경우, 주관적 경제상태가 부정적일 때 우울수준이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 한국 베이비부머를 위한 특화된 노후준비 정책과 프로그램의 개발 필요성을 제언한다.

Cognitive Ability in Midlife and Labor Market Participation Among Older Workers: Prospective Cohort Study With Register Follow-up

  • Sundstrup, Emil;Hansen, Ase M.;Mortensen, Erik L.;Poulsen, Otto M.;Clausen, Thomas;Rugulies, Reiner;Moller, Anne;Andersen, Lars L.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.291-300
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    • 2020
  • Background: The study aimed to determine the association of individual cognitive ability in late midlife with labor market participation among older workers. Methods: This prospective cohort study estimates the risk of long-term sickness absence, disability pension, early retirement, and unemployment from scores on the Intelligenz-Struktur-Test 2000R by combining data from 5076 workers from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank with a register on social transfer payments. Analyses were stepwise adjusted for age, gender, physical and psychosocial work environment, health behaviors, occupational social class, education, and chronic diseases. Results: In the fully adjusted model, low cognitive ability (≥1 standard deviation below the mean for each gender) and high cognitive ability (≥1 standard deviation above the mean for each gender) were not associated with risk of any of the four labor market outcomes. Conclusion: Individual cognitive ability in late midlife was not associated with risk of long-term sickness absence, disability pension, early retirement, and unemployment in the fully adjusted model. Thus, no direct effect of individual cognitive ability in late midlife was observed on the risk of permanently or temporarily leaving the labor market.

Activity Level and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Physical Workload During Working Career

  • Manttari, Satu K.;Oksa, Juha A.H.;Virkkala, Jussi;Pietila, Julia A.K.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.527-530
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    • 2019
  • The increasing prevalence of inactivity and obesity, along with aging, has implications on work capacity of labor force. This study reports the relationships between activity level and BMI by age with objectively measured physical workload. Data were examined from a sample of 19 481 Finnish employees using an estimate of minute-to-minute oxygen consumption based on R-R interval recordings. The mean estimated %VO2max during the working day was 12.1 (±3.6) and 15.1 (±4.5)% for men and women, respectively. Based on a linear model, the mean %VO2max increased by 1.5%-unit per 10-year increase in age, by 2.1%-unit per 5 kg/㎡ increase in BMI, and decreased by 1.6%-unit if improving physical activity class by two (p < 0.001 for all). Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, notably increases workload throughout the career, even though at young adulthood, the daily workload is almost the same for each person regardless of the BMI, activity level, or gender. This study highlights the importance of regular physical activity and normal weight in protecting the worker from excessive physical (cardiovascular) workload during the whole working career.

간호조무사의 근무환경인식과 성격성향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Working Environment Recognition and the Caracter Disposition of Nurse Aides)

  • 이선이
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.57-74
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    • 1990
  • As the whole world took on the tendency to be highly industrialized, it became necessary for each field of occupation to require professional man power. Especially, since the World War n, the participation of woman power in economic activities has been continually increasing. In our country also, because of the rapid economic growth, change in the way of thinking of women as well as their participation in economic activities are increasing. Thus, woman power is being utilized in various occupational fields from simple physical labor to those that require high-professional skill. Also, continued economic development policies, by setting the establishment of welfare society as the ideology to be fulfilled, brought expansion of medical facilities in the field of public health and increase in man power in that field. As for the nursing specialists, more than 6000 have been being produced per year and as of the end of 1988, the total number of nursing specialists, reached 123, 115. Therefore, this study is done to recognize the professional knowledge and ability of nursing specialists, who take up $40\%$ of the total public-health related man power in our country, through evaluating their working environment and their disposition of character. This study, which was done from September 18th to September 30th 1989, took on the method of using formed questionnaires that had been amended and supplemented during two preparatory investigations, 322 of such questionnaires were used as an analytical material. In the formation of questionnaires, 12 questions were related to the working environment, and 26 in fortotal were related to the disposition of character, 5 for wise-disposition, 11 for activedisposition and 10 for open-disposition. The measuring method, which used 5-point-standard, allowed 5 points for affirmative recognition of the working environment, also 5 points for showing wise, active and open disposition of character and only point in opposite cases. Collected materials were analyzed, through an electronic calculation, into the average value, the standard deflection percentage, pearson corelative number and stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the results from this study is as follows: 1. It was shown that the nursing specialists with the average of 3.07 have affirmative recognition of their working environment. The questions which drew most affirmative reaction were those concerning finance-management system such as hand, the questions that received negative reaction were those concerning communication method with the average of 2.49. Such reaction seems to have resulted from the cramming regulation by the superior authorities. Concerning the recognition of working environment in relation to employment conditions, more affirmative recognition is shown with the average of 3.14. at hospitals where injection job is not performed. The nursing specialists working at regular hospitals show more affirmative recognition than those at general hospitals, the averages being respectiely 3.16 and 3.03. 2. As for the disposition of character of the nursing specialists, active-disposition was highest with the average of 3.38, next was wise-disposition with 3.20 and the lowest was open-diposition with 2.98. Variable-wise disposition of character shows that wise-disposition and academic background are beneficially correlated by 0.12. Ative-disposition and open-disposition show correlation to the office term by respectively 0.16 and 0.21. In other words. better academic background leads to higher wise-disposition and more - experience results in higher active and open disposition. Also, the class that performs the injection job, in relation to the working environment, might cause change in the self-conceit that identify those in that class with the nurses; however, as far as professional judgment and action, in dealing with nursing job, being wise, active and open is concerned, not much effect is made. 3. The relation between the recognition of the working environment and the disposition of character is that more afirmative recognition- a nursing specialist has about her working environment, the higher the active-disposition becomes by 0.13. The degrees of the relation between recongnition of environment and wise and open dispositions show respectively 0.06 and -0.06 and -0.06. That is to say that when having more affirmative recognition of the working environment, a nursing specialist shows wise but closed disposition of character. This, howerver, didn't mean much statistically. When observing the results mentioned above, it is conspicuous that the nursing specialists, working as substitutes for the nurse at medical institutions of various sizes, get the feeling of being somewhat equal to the nurses and to some extent, fulfill their desire to accomplish their ego; however, as far as professional ability expansion if concerned. they lack wise and open dispositions. Therefore, considiering upon the results of this study, in medical institutions where the work of nursing specialists is regaded equal to that of the nurses, as a medical member who deals with human lives, it is desirable to make the nursing specialists work under the supervision of the nurses and to offer them continuous education to strengthen and improve their natural dispositions.

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1급 응급구조사의 직종에 따른 직무만족도 및 업무스트레스 (Job Satisfaction and Work Stress of EMT-paramedic's According to type of Occupation)

  • 김덕원;최성우
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.584-593
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 응급구조사가 배출된지 21년이 지난 시점에서 119와 병원에서 근무하는 응급구조사들을 근무 기관별로 업무스트레스와 직무만족도를 비교분석하여 119와 병원의 차이와 장단점을 파악함으로써 우리나라의 1급 응급구조사들의 근무여건을 개선하고 보다 나은 근무환경을 조성하는데 기초자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 수행하였다. 광주광역시와 전라남도, 전라북도의 28개 119안전센터와 14개 권역응급의료센터 및 지역응급의료센터에서 근무하는 1급 응급구조사 182명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS/WIN 20.0을 사용하였으며, 카이제곱검정, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA로 분석하였다. 업무스트레스는 119근무자(2.92), 병원근무자(3.01)으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 직무만족도는 소방근무자(2.98), 병원근무자(2.54)으로 병원근무자들이 크게 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 또한 병원근무자들의 보수 영역에서 가장 낮은 점수가 보였으며($2.07{\pm}0.62$), 월 평균 환자수가 적을수록(p<0.001), 월수입이 높을수록(p=0.047), 휴가가 많을수록(p<0.001) 업무스트레스가 낮고, 직무만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 업무스트레스를 감소시키고 직무만족도를 높이기 위해 119와 병원 모두 근무복지여건의 개선이 필요하고, 119의 경우, 구급대원 폭행 방지 대책과 휴식공간이 필요하고 특히 병원의 경우는 급여와 연간 급여증가율, 고용형태의 안정을 개선해야 한다.

마이크로스크류가 가이드 임플란트 수술을 위한 영상정합 과정에서 작업시간과 술자편의성에 미치는 영향 (Time efficiency and operator convenience of using a micro-screw in image registration for guided implant surgery)

  • 마이해엔;이두형
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 2019
  • 목적:컴퓨터 가이드 임플란트 수술에서 방사선 영상과 디지털 영상과의 정합은 필수적인 과정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 마이크로스크류의 사용이 가이드 수술을 위한 영상정합 과정에서 작업시간과 술자편의성에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 연구모형의 제작을 위해 Kennedy class I 하악 덴티폼에 마이크로스크류 2개를 후구치 삼각 부위에 식립 후 컴퓨터 단층촬영과 디지털 스캔을 통해 방사선 영상과 스캔 영상을 획득하였다. 영상들은 잔존 치아 부위만을 이용하는 방법과 치아와 마이크로스크류를 이용하는 방법을 이용하여 12명의 술자에 의해 중첩되었다. 이 중첩된 영상에 대하여 작업시간, 술자편의성, 만족도의 자료가 수집되고, Mann-Whitney U test을 통해 분석되었다. 결과: 작업시간은 영상정합 조건 사이에 통계학적인 차이가 없었다 (P > .05). 술자편의성과 만족도는 치아와 마이크로스크류를 이용하는 방법에서 잔존 치아 부위만을 이용하는 방법보다 높았다 (P < .001). 결론: 영상정합에서 마이크로스크류의 이용은 작업시간의 단축에는 영향을 미치지 않지만 술자편의성과 만족도는 향상시킨다.

멀티비전교육과정이 학습효과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -전문계 고등학교의 유통실무과정을 중심으로- (An Analysis on the Influence Factors of Learning Effectiveness for Multivision Education Process -Focusing on Distribution Working Course in Vocational High School-)

  • 김경우
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제16권12호
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문은 멀티미디어 교육자료와 전통적 수업방식의 효과성을 실질적으로 검증하고자 전문계 고등학교의 수업 방법을 비교분석하였다. 실업계의 전문교과 중 유통관리실무과목을 학습내용으로 선정하고, 멀티미디어 교육자료를 MS파워포인트로 디지털화하였다. 이를 위하여 30명의 학생들을 각각 실험집단과 통제집단의 표본집단으로 하고 동질성과 학업성취도를 고려하여 구성하였다. 동일한 교사가 두 집단을 같은 자료로 가르쳤다. 차이점은 두 집단간의 전달방법인데 두 유형의 교수방법으로 학습효과성과 만족도를 분석하기 위하여 사후검증을 실시하였다. 방법은 사전검사 점수를 공변인으로 통제한 후, 학생들의 학업성취도 사후검사 점수를 종속변인으로 공변량분석을 수행하였으며, 결과는 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다.(F=5.06, p<.05). 그것은 멀티미디어 교육자료를 활용한 수업의 학업성취도가 교과서 위주의 전통적 설명식 수업보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수업방식에 대한 만족도는 실험 통제집단 검증에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(t=5.65, p<.001). 따라서 멀티미디어 교육자료를 활용한 실험집단의 수업방식이 전통적 수업방식을 적용한 통제집단 보다 수업성취도와 만족도 측면에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.