• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1993

These studies were conducted to: a) investigate work patterns and productivity indices, b) rate performance levels of employees and c) determine the suggested levels of personnel and labor hours for the effective labor control in school foodservice. Eighteen elementary school foodservices in Seoul were selected in order to analyze work patterns by the work sampling methodology. Allowance time and performance rating by VTR observation was done to determine the standardized labor hours. The results were as follows. The average percentage of each work function of the total work functions such as direct work function, indirect work function and delay were 65.57%, 8.12%, 26.31% respectively. The productivity index is 0.92 min/meal. The average working and delay hours per week of the foodservice director, foodservice employees and supply person were 33.64 hours, 23.25 hours, 38.52 hours respectively. The percentage of delay hours of total labor hours for foodservice employees and supply person were 42.27% and 24.0%. The standardized work hours and the appropriate levels of foodservice employees of 17 elementary school foodservices were examined: The average rating of the foodservice employees work was 1.19 and British Insulated Calendarer Cables (BICC) allowance rate was 19.40% on the average. The total work hours of foodservice employees were 172.64 hours per week and levels of personnel were 4.53 persons. BICC allowance rate was applied: The standardized work hours per week was 180.95 hours and appropriate levels of personnel were 4.11 persons based on legal 44 working hours.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2014

As S. Korea is becoming an "aged society", workers in the country would be exposed to higher risk of workplace injuries due to their reducing work abilities as they are getting old. To identify the relationship between the work ability and the incident rate of workplace injuries, the work ability index (WAI) scores were surveyed from 409 workers occupied in different manufacturing industries reside on north GyoengBuk area. The workplace injury statistics in the year of 2010 for the corresponding industries were analyzed and summarized with the WAI scores by age groups, years of service, and sizes of business. The results showed the WAI scores of the workers occupied in the higher risk of workplace injury was lower than that of the workers of the lower risk. It means the lower the WAI score, the higher the chance of being injured during the task. It is concluded that appropriate correlation exists between the WAI scores of workers and the incident rate of workplace injury. It is recommended to administrate individual work abilities of aged workers in order to keep low rate of workplace injuries in upcoming aged and highly aged society.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2005

In Korean cases, the occupation of building construction is below 10% of the total industry workers but from a accident rate point of view, it is a risk serious industry and it's hazard is very considerable which accident rate is up to 30% of the total industry workers. The reason of high accident rate of the building construction is its own characteristic, hazard of the work in which is implicated and the shortage of safety counter plan and information, so it is most required to the building construction that educating, training, short and long period approaching to prevent the hazard. The safety information of building construction which is related to safety accident is divided into human and material such as hazard, work situation, cause and counter plan. The existing hazard cases imply all of the information about the work type and work progress of the building construction, so if the research of the every fact is well accomplished, we can obtain the useful information and prevent the hazard of building construction. From this point of view, the emphasis of this study is based on analyzing the cause of hazard first, suggesting the safety information each part of work type and work progress second, and finally making the all existing hazard cases to the Data Base and developing the safety information system.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

공동주택에 대하여, 2000년 이후 건설한 대상 실적 중 25개 현장에 골조. 미장, 내장, 설비, 전기 통신, 기타의 공종별로 구분하여 월별 노무량의 투입실적의 자료를 수집하였다. 이를 100%기간으로 표준화 된 공기로 변환하여 공종별로 구분하여 노무량 비율로 환산하여 노무비율의 흐름을 분석한 결과 다음과 같이 결론을 도출하였다. (1) 노무비율의 크기는 골조공사 38.25%, 미장공사 5.10%, 내장공사 5.67%, 기계설비공사 9.10%, 전기 통신공사 8.76%, 기타공사 33.12%로 골조공사가 가장 크다. (2) 노무비율이 투입 되는 피크 시기는 52.5%월부터 62.5%월까지이고 3.6%의 노무비율이었다. (3). %월별로 골조공사가 가장 큰 시기는 35%월이고 이때 %월당 2.12% 투입 노무비율이었다. 골조공사가 마무리가 시작되는 65%월부터 80%월에 서로 다른 공종간의 상호 간섭이 가장 큰 시기였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공동주택 건설공사에서 공종별로 가장 큰 혼잡도가 높은 시기를 알려주고 있으며, 이 시기의 집중 공정관리 하는 것이 성공적인 프로젝트 수행에 필수적인 사항이 된다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2019

Health capacity to work for the elderly is an essential piece of information for designing social policies in an aging society. Here, we assess the health capacity to work of older men in South Korea and provide a cross-country comparison. Following the methodology proposed by Milligan and Wise (2012), which uses the cohort mortality rate as a proxy for overall health status, we quantify the additional employment capacity of current older men in reference to the mortality-employment relationship of a generation ago. Despite the high employment rate of older men in South Korea, we find substantial additional employment capacity among older men (those aged 55 or more) as of 2016 comparable in size to those found in other advanced countries. We also find evidence that older men are not merely capable of working but are also willing to work, and many of them are increasingly combining pension income and work. These findings suggest that labor supply disincentives for older men embedded in public pension systems in South Korea need to be thoroughly reexamined and adjusted accordingly lest they should inhibit the labor supply of older workers.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2005

건설공사에서 공정관리는 중요하다. 특히 공동주택의 경우 입주일이라는 절대공기의 준수가 매우 중요하다. 이와 같은 공정관리를 위해 공동주택공사에서는 공종별 진도관리가 필요하며, 이는 진도율 산정을 통하여 일정계산 및 기성 산정의 척도로서 사용되고 있다. 현재 국내의 공동주택 건설현장에서 사용되고 있는 대부분의 진도율 산정방식은 경험과 개략적인 수치에 의한 판단에 의존하는 경우가 많아공정의 계획과 공정의 지연시 합리적 만회 대책의 수립이 어려움등 한계를 보이고 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 단위작업에서의 물량 달성율과 투입 노무량을 이용한 진도율 산정방식을 제시하고 있다. 즉, 단위작업 진도율은 단위작업에서 수집된 투입 노무량을 층단위의 전체 투입노무량 중의 가중치로 환산하고 이를 물량달성도($\%$)와 곱하여 산출된다. 같은 방법으로 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 작업분류체계의 상위단계인 층 진도율, 동 진도율을 산출하게 된다 공동주택공사의 골조공사를 대상으로 단위작업, 층, 동 진도율 산정방법을 예시로서 제시하고 있다. 이와 같은 진도율은 향후 단위작업의 노무생산성과 달성물량에 대한 실적데이터의 축적이 이루어질 경우 보다 합리적이고 과학적인 공정관리의 근간이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1991

Four pairs of draught oxen (two local and two Jersey crossbred) were studied when they ploughed dry land on local farms. Work done, distance traveled and body temperature of each ox were measured continuously over a 5 h working day. A different team worked each day, completing at least six days work each. Individual food intakes and digestibility of feed were measured when the animals were given rice straw and tree fodder, and housed and fed according to local husbandry practices. The Jersey crossbreds, particularly the longer legged type, had a higher rate of work than the local oxen in this study. They did significantly more work and covered a greater distance during the day. The absence of a hump in the crossbred oxen had no effect on the position of the yoke or the way the oxen pulled when ploughing. The longer legged type of Jersey crossbred tended to work more erratically than any of the other teams. A fast rate of work made the oxen more liable to heat stress. When fed according to local practices and given the same amount of feed as local oxen, Jersey crossbreds tended to do less well. During the ploughing months, the local oxen gained weight, while the crossbreds remained at the same or lost some weight. Although there were some disadvantages to keeping Jersey crossbreds for work, their favourable work output suggests that the introduction of the Jersey crossbred in the hills of Nepal is unlikely to be detrimental to the performance of the work oxen population.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.256-259
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• 2004

In the present study, AZ31B sheets has a bad formability in room temperature, but the formability is improved significantly as increasing the temperature because of rolled magnesium alloy sheet has a hexagonal closed packed structure (HCP) and a plastic anisotropy. In this paper, after tensile test in various temperatures, strain rate, show the tensile mechanical properties, yield and ultimate strength, K-value, work hardening exponent(n), strain rate sensitivity(m). As temperature increased, yield, ultimate strength and K-value, work hardening exponent(n) are decreased but strain rate sensitivity(m) is increased. As cross-head-speed increased, yield, ultimate strength and K-value, work hardening exponent(n) are increased. And according to the temperature, how change the plastic anisotropy factor R. In addition, we observed how temperatures and cross-head-speed effect on microstructure.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

In this study, we tried to predict tractor power output, fuel consumption rate and work performance indirectly in order to develop an eco driving system. Firstly, we developed equations which could predict tractor power output and fuel consumption rate using characteristic curves of tractor power output. Secondly, with actual engine rpm determined by initial engine rpm and work load, tractor power output and fuel consumption rate were forecasted. Thirdly, with speed signals of GPS sensor system, it was possible to foresee tractor work performance and fuel consumption rate. Lastly, precision of the eco driving system was evaluated through tractor PTO test, and effects of the eco driving system were investigated in the plowing and rotary tilling operations. Engine rpm, power output, fuel consumption rate, work performance and fuel consumption rate per plot area were displayed in the eco driving system. Predicted tractor power outputs in the full load curve were well coincided with the actual power output of prototype, but small differences, 1 to 6 ㎾, were found in the part load curve. Error of the fuel consumption rate was 0.5 L/h, 4.5%, the greatest, and 1 to 3 L/h at the part load curve. It was shown that 69% and 53% of fuel consumption rates could be reduced in plowing and rotary tilling operations, respectively, when the eco driving system was installed in tractor.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

본 연구는 환경친화적 녹색임도 구현을 위해 1990년부터 2003년까지 시공된 충청남도 민유임도의 임도설계서를 검토하여 적용공종의 변화를 분석하고 평가하였다. 임도사업비의 변화추이는 사업연도에 따라 꾸준히 증가되었고 특히 환경친화적 녹색임도 구현을 위한 임도정책이 수립된 1999년과 2000년도에 사업비가 대폭 증가한 것으로 나타나 비교적 견실한 임도시공이 이루어질 수 있는 기반이 조성된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 토공사업의 비욜은 1999년 약 25.4%에서 2000년부터 2003년까지 토공사업비 평균비율이 18.5%로 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 토공의 비율이 줄어든 것과는 달리 비탈면보호공이나 구조물공의 총액은 상승하였으나 비율은 거의 증가하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 적용 구조물의 규격확대와 적용 물량의 증가에 따른 자재대의 비율과 제경비의 상승에 기인한 것으로 구조물공과 비탈면보호공에 소요되는 재료가 증가한 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 향후 공사비의 증가가 적용 구조물의 규격확대와 투입량 증가만으로 이어질 경우 임도시공 노하우와 경쟁력 약화를 초래할 수 있으므로 보다 다양한 공법의 적용과 개발노력이 요구된다.