• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2016

중소기업의 경우 자본부족과 전문인력 부족의 문제로 획기적인 혁신을 추진하기 어렵다. 따라서 전문인력에 의존하는 급진적 혁신이나 획기적 혁신보다는 담당업무의 개선이나 비용절감을 추구하는 점진적 혁신행동을 추구하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 혁신행동은 종업원의 업무에 대해 적극적 관심과 개선을 위한 자발적 노력이 없으면 이루어지기 어렵다. 따라서 종업원들의 임파워먼트는 혁신행동을 촉진하는 동력이 될 수 있다. 또한 혁신행동과 같은 적극적 행동은 조직이나 직무에 대한 심리적 주인의식이 있을 때 더욱 적극적일 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 임파워먼트와 혁신행동의 관계와 그러한 관계에서 심리적 주인의식의 조절효과를 실증분석하고자 하였다. 실증분석을 위한 자료수집은 강원 영서지역에 입지한 중소제조업체 종사자 315명으로부터 회수한 설문을 이용하였다. 임파워먼트가 혁신행동에 미치는 효과 및 조직에 대한 심리적 주인의식과 직무에 대한 심리적 주인의식의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 임파워먼트의 구성요소인 의미감, 자율성, 자기효능감, 영향력은 모두 구성원의 혁신행동에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 임파워먼트(의미감, 자율성, 자기효능감, 영향력)와 혁신행동(아이디어개발, 아이디어실행)의 관계에서 심리적 주인의식(조직에 대한 심리적 주인의식, 직무에 대한 심리적 주인의식)의 조절효과에 대한 분석결과 의미감이 아이디어개발과 실행 에 미치는 긍정적 효과는 직무에 대한 심리적 주인의식이 높을수록 강하게 나타났다. 그리고 영향력과 아이디어실행의 긍정적 관계도 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 따라서 종업원들의 아이디어개발이나 실행과 같은 혁신행동을 제고함에는 의미감, 자율성, 자기효능감, 영향력과 같은 임파워먼트를 인지시키는 것이 효과적이며, 특히 직무에 대한 심리적 주인의식을 고취시키는 것이 바람직하다고 볼 수 있다. 이를 위해서 경영자의 변혁적 리더십을 통하여 종업원의 자기효능감을 제고하고, 직무에 정체성, 중요성, 자율성, 다양성 등을 부여하는 직무재설계를 통한 영향력이나 과업의미감 제고가 바람직할 것이다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

North Korea's continuous threats and provocative behaviors have aggravated tension on the Korean peninsula particularly with the recent nuclear weapons test. South Korea's best way to cope with this situation is to maintain the balance among three policy directions: dialogue, sanctions, and deterrence. Among the three, I argue that deterrence should be prioritized. There are different sources of deterrence such as military power, economic power, and diplomatic clouts. States can build deterrence capability independently. Alternatively, they may do so through relations with other states including alliances, bilateral relations, or multilateral relations in the international community. What South Korea needs most urgently is to maintain deterrence against North Korea's local provocations through the enhancement of independent military capability particularly by addressing the asymmetric vulnerability between militaries of the South and the North. Most of all, the South Korean government should recognize the seriousness of the negative consequences that North Korea's 'Nuclear shadow strategy' would bring about for the inter-Korea relations and security situations in Northeast Asia. Based on this understanding, it should develop an 'assertive deterrence strategy' that emphasizes 'multi-purpose, multi-stage, and tailored deterrence whose main idea lies in punitive retaliation.' This deterrence strategy requires a flexible targeting policy and a variety of retaliatory measures capable of taking out all targets in North Korea. At the same time, the force structures of the army, the air force, and the navy should be improved in a way that maximizes their deterrence capability. For example, the army should work on expanding the guided missile command and the special forces command and reforming the reserve forces. The navy and the air force should increase striking capabilities including air-to-ground, ship-to-ground, and submarine-to-ground strikes to a great extent. The marine corps can enhance its deterrence capability by changing the force structure from the stationary defense-oriented one that would have to suffer some degree of troop attrition at the early stage of hostilities to the one that focuses on 'counteroffensive landing operations.' The government should continue efforts for defense reform in order to obtain these capabilities while building the 'Korean-style triad system' that consists of advanced air, ground, and surface/ subsurface weapon systems. Besides these measures, South Korea should start to acquire a minimum level of nuclear potential within the legal boundary that the international law defines. For this, South Korea should withdraw from the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. Moreover, it should obtain the right to process and enrich uranium through changing the U.S.-South Korea nuclear cooperation treaty. Whether or not we should be armed with nuclear weapons should not be understood in terms of "all or nothing." We should consider an 'in-between' option as the Japanese case proves. With regard to the wartime OPCON transition, we need to re-consider the timing of the transition as an effort to demonstrate the costliness of North Korea's provocative behaviors. If impossible, South Korea should take measures to make the Strategic Alliance 2015 serve as a persisting deterrence system against North Korea. As the last point, all the following governments of South Korea should keep in mind that continuing reconciliatory efforts should always be pursued along with other security policies toward North Korea.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to understand the management status of food wastes in school meal to find the effective ways that would reduce and recycle them. Data was collected using questionnaires from 223 school dietitians located in Jeonbuk area. The results were as followed : 1) Waste was managed by the dietitians(54.7%) and cook(42.2%). The waste disposal contract was made by dietitians(65.0%), executives(31.4%). Therefore, school dietitians had primary responsibilities in the waste management. 2) As disposal ways, 48.9% processed municipal solid waste and food waste together and 46.6% processed separately. 3) A half of schools(52.9%) produced food wastes weighed under 10$\sim$15kg daily and using food wastes as animal food for farms was most popular method to dispose(87.4%). 4) Reasons to have food-wastes were disliking the taste of menu(50.2%) and the inappropriate ways of dealing with remaining food(64.1%) and donating to food bank(33.6%) in order. 5) The suggested ways to reduce the food-waste was to improve on cooking method(72.2%), changing of portion size(61.0%), measuring the amount of leftover food(53.4%) and requesting cooperation to educators(52.9%). 6) The reported consequences of reducing the food waste were: lowered grocery expenses(46.2%), and inspiring students on helping environmental preservation(23.8%). Therefore, the administration should work on finding a method to reduce food-waste and a way to use these resources efficiently. It is important to induct student's attitude on recycling remaining products by using food bank via nutrition education. Dietitian also should consider to reduce the leftover of food by using a standardized recipe.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2008

A worldwide trend of permitting system for industrial installation to achieve a high level of protection of the environment has been moved from single media to multimedia in approach. The Council of the European Community issued the Directive 96/61/EC, the IPPC Directive, concerning integrated pollution prevention and control in 1996. The IPPC Directive is one of the most ambitious legal measures that the European Union (EU) has initiated with a view to applying the prevention principle for industrial activities. The IPPC aims to achieve the integrated prevention and reduction of environmental pollution emitted by those industrial installations with a higher potential of emissions to the environment. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recommended on Environmental Performance Reviews of Korea in 2006 that IPPC permitting concept should be considered for large stationary sources at the national and regional levels. Any Korean law doesn't provide for integrated pollution control with a single process covering all pollution from economic activities. However, one exception might be the "environmentally-friendly companies" certification scheme, introduced in 1995, in which participants agree to meet targets beyond the legal emission limit values in exchange for government technical and financial support to operate environmental management systems. The other exception might be Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects, in 1977, which has been strengthened and reinforced to be more preventive through development of the prior environmental review system (PERS) in 1999. The aim of this work is to introduce the contents of IPPC Directive at the viewpoint of Korea policy and to survey the integrated approaching concept of Environmentally-Friendly Companies (EFC) Certification Scheme and EIA policy of Korea. The study will be helpful in the future to prepare the infrastructure of integrated permitting system and to enforce the integrated permit which the authorities of local government issues on industrial activities. It can be said that the data calculated through both EFC Certification Scheme and EIA will be discussed as worthful information to determine Korean BAT reference notes for integrated permitting process.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Purpose : Long-term Care Insurance sets up facility standard and installation standard of aged care facilities and decides the presence of minimum number of rooms and its size in care facilities by using systematic instruments. Therefore, most aged care facilities had renovation in expansion and reconstruction following the revised regulations and even facility space structure and space composition are continuously improving. The study is to determine the purpose and trend by comparing before and after space composition of facilities which followed the implementation of Long-term Care Insurance and also to suggest hierarchical space composition suitable for aged care facilities through derived problems and to provide basic materials to plan the most appropriate facility for the aged. Methods : J-graph based on Space Syntax Theory will be schematized through in-site facility survey and before and after facility floor plan. Space composition trend will be analyzed by comparing indexes through S3 program. Results : As a result of 5 cases analysis, the following results were found; the average of whole space depth is increasing due to the Extension, the number of volunteers is decreasing and rooms for geriatric care helpers are being created due to the geriatric care helper introduction duty. Also, there are solariums being created to improve the health of the aged and dispensaries are being placed on every floor with the increase of documentary work for geriatric care helpers. With the policy implementation, care facility space composition and structure are changing with facility standard and it was analyzed that facilities were mostly put under the control of limited number of people in care room and total ground area per person. It was also found that there is increase in care space integration through before and after comparison of whole integration value. This is considered as the important result not only in facility standard satisfaction, but also in care support of geriatric care helpers and the aged, its main users. Implication : In order for elderly care facilities to have quality improvement and to develop as suitable facilities for characteristics of the aged, independent environmental facility standard preparation of elderly care facilities is needed through mutual cooperation of construction fields with regulation and policy related researches.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

기술사업화에 대한 중요성은 점점 강조되고 있지만 높은 기술 우수성이 항상 성공적인 비즈니스로 이어지는 것은 아니다. 또한, 기초연구 및 기술개발에 많은 투자를 하는 기업 역시 항상 높은 이윤 창출을 장담할 수는 없다. 이는 연구개발 수준이 상용화되기 어려운 단계에 존재하는 경우인 기술적인 문제와 기술이 사업화되는 시장이 불완전하여 합리적으로 작동하지 않는 시장측면의 문제 모두가 원인이 된다. 따라서 기초과학의 연구 성과를 바탕으로 이러한 시장의 불완전성 아래 연구 및 사업화 주체가 새로운 기술의 개발과 사업화를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 외부의 파트너들과 제휴 및 협력 체계를 구축하여 자금이나 인력 등 필요한 자원을 효과적으로 확보하여 활용할 수 있어야 한다. 기존 연구에서는 기술에 대한 접근방법에 따라 연구개발(R&D) 관점, 기술경영(Management of Technology) 관점, 기술혁신(Technology Innovation) 관점으로 많은 연구가 이루어졌으나, 기술사업화(Technology Commercialization) 관점의 연구는 많이 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기초과학을 연구하는 과정에서 필요한, 또는 실현 가능한 비즈니스를 살펴보고, 기술의 속성(암묵지, 기술가치의 객관화, 혁신 주체 간 정보의 비대칭 등)을 통해 시장의 불완전성을 이해하고자 한다. 또한, 기술이 사업화로 연결되지 않는 현상, 즉 '죽음의 계곡(Valley of Death)'을 탈피하는 것에 대한 적절한 대응방안으로써 기술사업화 협력요인을 포함하고 있는 과학기술 비즈니스의 성공요인과 함께 과학벨트(ISBB)의 역할을 중심으로 전략적 접근을 시도하고자 한다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2008

한국과 중국의 애니메이션 산업은 외국 애니메이션 하청제작 중심의 제작 기반 산업에서 창작 기반 산업으로의 전환을 추진해왔다. 유사한 성격의 산업적 배경과 역량을 보유하고, 수년 동안 정부의 적극적 산업 진흥정책을 거쳐 온 한국과 중국의 애니메이션 산업의 위상은 2008년 현재 시점에서 볼 때 확연한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 중국 창작 애니메이션 생산량은 2004년 이후 매년 2배씩 성장하면서 중국을 세계적 규모의 창작 애니메이션 생산국으로 올려놓았으며, 중국 창작 애니메이션 시청자가 6억 명을 넘어서는 등 내수시장 기반도 확고해지고 있다. 이에 반해, 한국의 창작 애니메이션 생산은 중국의 20% 수준에서 정체상태를 보이고 있고, 국산 애니메이션 방송편성 차별로 인해 내수시장 기반을 상실하였다. 중국 정부는, 우선적으로 방송정책을 통한 애니메이션 방송 유통 시스템 확립과, 수입 애니메이션 배제를 통해 국내 수요 기반 확립에 주력하였고, 동만 기지 설립을 통한 생산기반 확보, 그리고 정부부처 간 유기적인 협조체계를 구축함으로써 단기간에 중국 애니메이션 산업발전을 이룩하였다. 이에 비해 한국 정부는, 애니메이션의 유통, 수요기반 확립보다는 창작 애니메이션 개발 지원에 정책적 자원을 집중하였고, 효과적인 산업정책을 위해 반드시 필요했던 정부 부처 간 협조체계 구축에도 실패하였다. 이는, 한국의 산업기반 확립을 도외시한 '생산자 마인드' 정책, 그리고 그 원인이기도 한 정부 부처 간 유기적인 협조체계의 부재에 따른 것으로 문화콘텐츠 산업정책에 공통적으로 발견되는 한국 정부의 정책적 오류이다. 2008년, 정부가 1조 5천억원의 콘텐츠진흥기금 조성, 콘텐츠산업기본법, 콘텐츠진흥위원회 설립 등 세계 5개 콘텐츠 강국 도약을 위한 산업진흥의 기치를 높이 든 시점에서, 과거 문화콘텐츠 산업정책의 오류를 객관적으로 파악하고, 이를 시정하는 작업은 한국 문화콘텐츠 산업발전을 위해 반드시 필요한 일일 것이다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2010

목적: 안경광학과 임상실습의 현황 및 실태를 파악하여 임상실습의 효율적 운영과 질적 개선을 위한 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 전국의 30개 안경광학과를 대상으로 임상실습 현황에 대한 설문조사를 하였고 이중 4개 대학에서 161명의 학생으로부터 임상실습 실태에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과: '임상실습을 위한 구체적 프로그램'이 마련되지 않은 곳은 60.7%였다. 대부분의 대학에서 임상실습을 졸업학점에 반영(96.4%)하였고, 각 대학의 임상실습에 관한 교과목명과 해당학점은 다양하였다. 실습 학생들에게 임상실습 수행 중 가장 어려웠던 사항은 '고객응대'였고 임상실습의 주 업무는 '안경원 청소 및 안경테와 도구정리'였다. 임상실습을 통해 가장 유익했던 점은 '안경업계 현실파악'이었다. 임상실습 전과 후의 진로 비교에서 '안경원'과 '안경/콘택트렌즈 관련업체'의 선호도는 감소하고 '안과 병의원'과 '전공과 관련 없는 일'의 선호도는 높아졌다. 결론: 안경광학과 임상실습의 효율적 운영과 학생들의 만족도를 높이기 위한 폭 넓은 연구와 학교와 실습업체 간의 긴밀한 협조와 관심이 요구된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

Background : The Clostridium difficile is the most important identifiable cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea and colitis, which lengthens hospital stay. Recently incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in an university hospital, and an intervention for prevention and control of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) was in prompt need. Methods : Subjects were the patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit(NCU) where C. difficile was most frequently isolated. To increase participation of various departments, we used the CQI method, because management of CDAD requires a wholistic approach including control of antibiotics, barrier precaution and environmental cleaning and disinfection. Duration of the CQI activities was 9 months from April to December 1999. Results : The identified problems were misuse and overuse of antibiotics, lack of consciousness of medical personnels and the possibility of transmission from the contaminated environment and tube feeding. Education for proper use of antibiotics and management of C. difficile infection, use of precaution stickers, supplement of handwashing equipments, emphasis on environmental disinfection, and the change of the process of tube feeding were done. The CDAD rate in NCU was significantly decreased after the CQI program (8.6 case per 1,000 patient days from January to April 1999 vs 4.8 from May to December 1999). The distribution of neurosurgical wards including NCU among the total number of isolated C. difficile from the clinical specimens dropped from 49.4% in January to April to 33,7% in May to December. The average hospital stay of the neurosurgical department changed from 19.6 days to 15.2 days. Also, the effect of the CQI activities for C. difficile may have affected the incidence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Duration and dosage of certain antibiotics used in the NS department were decreased. The distribution of neurosurgical department in the number of VRE isolated patients declined from 18.4% to 11.1%. Conclusion : Infection control of resistant organisms such as C. difficile is likely to be successful when management of environmental contamination an collaborative efforts of decreasing the patients' risk factors such as antibiotics management and decreasing the length of hospital stay come simultaneously. For this work, related departments need to actively participate in the entire process under a common target through discussions for identifying problems and bringing up solutions. In this respect, making use of a CQI team is an efficient method of infection control for gathering participation and cooperation of related departments.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

With the increasing market share of retailer brands, many authors have paid considerable attention to retailer brands. Before market liberalisation in 1996 in Korea, retailer brand market was led by the supermarket retailing format, although the first retailer brand product was developed by the department store format. In parallel with the entry of foreign multiple retailers, the retailer brand market has experienced rapid growth. Particularly, the expansion of Tesco UK with well-established retailing know-how into Korea has encouraged Tesco Korea to actively get involved in retailer brand program. As a result, Tesco Korea has led retailer brand market in the Korean marketplace. The research starts with the question of why Tesco Korea has achieved such a higher retailer brand share. Accordingly, this study is to explore how Tesco UK has transferred its own retailing knowledge into Tesco Korea, in terms of retailer brand program development. In order to explore why the retailer brand share of Tesco Korea is higher than that of its counterparts, the author adopted in-depth interview with prepared-questions and store observation as a research methodology. To examine working process as well as information flows within Tesco Korea and from UK to Korea, in-depth interview method is one of the most suitable research methodologies, because of the difficulty of quantifying information or data related to work flows. In addition, to increase the validity of information, the researcher had interviews with Tesco Korea supplier and store personnel. Based on these research techniques, this research explored how Tesco UK has influenced or advised Tesco Korea, particularly, from the point of view of knowledge transfer. Since the entry of Tesco UK into Korea as a joint-venture, the retailer brand market share of Tesco Korea has continuously increased. It would be expected that Tesco UK has helped Tesco Korea to settle down in the Korean market. During interviews with Tesco and a Tesco supplier, the researcher found that Tesco Korea has obviously taken an advantage of retailing know-how created by Tesco UK. Furthermore, the retailer brand development and handling process of Tesco Korea has been operated with the help of Tesco UK. This might mean that Tesco UK has directly or indirectly an impact on the improvement of Korean retailer brand development skills. As a mechanism to transfer retailing knowledge developed in the home market into the host market, one of the international retailers, Tesco UK has adopted many different ways such as annual meeting, trading meeting to import or export own retailer brand products, offering of operation manual developed by Tesco UK and buyer cooperation between Tesco UK and Korea, in order to share information. Through these communication techniques, the knowledge of Tesco UK has been transferred to Tesco Korea. This research accordingly suggests that retailer brand market share is apparently related to how sophisticated or advanced the knowledge of the retailer brand development and handling process of retailers are. It is also demonstrated by this research that advanced development and handling skills make a considerable contribution to increasing retailer brand share in markets with a lower share or no presence of retailer brands.