• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.55.3-55.3
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• 2019

We present a pipeline to estimate baryonic properties of a galaxy inside a dark matter (DM) halo in DM-only simulations using a machine trained on high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations. As an example, we use the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic simulation of a (75 h^-1 Mpc)³ volume to train our machine to predict e.g., stellar mass and star formation rate in a galaxy-sized halo based purely on its DM content. An extremely randomized tree (ERT) algorithm is used together with multiple novel improvements we introduce here such as a refined error function in machine training and two-stage learning. Aided by these improvements, our model demonstrates a significantly increased accuracy in predicting baryonic properties compared to prior attempts --- in other words, the machine better mimics IllustrisTNG's galaxy-halo correlation. By applying our machine to the MultiDark-Planck DM-only simulation of a large (1 h^-1 Gpc)³ volume, we then validate the pipeline that rapidly generates a galaxy catalogue from a DM halo catalogue using the correlations the machine found in IllustrisTNG. We also compare our galaxy catalogue with the ones produced by popular semi-analytic models (SAMs). Our so-called machine-assisted semi-simulation model (MSSM) is shown to be largely compatible with SAMs, and may become a promising method to transplant the baryon physics of galaxy-scale hydrodynamic calculations onto a larger-volume DM-only run. We discuss the benefits that machine-based approaches like this entail, as well as suggestions to raise the scientific potential of such approaches.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2021

Chinese courts seem to be indifferent or ignorant of truncated arbitration. In other words, the Chinese court canceled the arbitration award made by truncated arbitration except for the Pingdingsan Case among the four arbitration cases related to the domestic arbitration award reviewed in this paper on the ground that it violated the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure. A Chinese court has canceled the arbitration award by judging only based on the composition of the arbitral tribunal and the legal process of the violation of the arbitration procedure not by determining whether the domestic arbitration award made by the truncated arbitration meets the conditions for the application of truncated arbitration as stipulated in the Arbitration Rules. Moreover, it seems that the Chinese court made a serious error in the application of the relevant regulations in the Pingdingsan Case, which ruled that the truncated arbitration did not violate the legal process. In this case, the Chinese court admitted truncated arbitration under logic process that it was not necessary to wait until the final hearing to apply the truncated arbitraion because one arbitrator was absent before the final hearing, but the truncated arbitrator had already formed his/her opinion before the absence. However, in the case of Marshall Investment Corporation, a case related to foreign arbitration, the Chinese court rejected the approval and execution of the truncated arbitration award by strictly applying the laws and timing of the truncated arbitration. Since only one case has been identified in the main text, it is difficult to make a definitive judgment, but considering these cases, it seems to be that the Chinese courts apply different standards to domestic and foreign arbitration awards to determine the legality of truncated arbitration.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.421-431
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of observation and measurement inquiry process in the Korean science textbooks. For the inquiry process of observation, the higher grade textbooks contained more 'comparative observation' rather than 'simple observation'. Students should express their observation results in written words rather than verbal descriptions in the higher grade. For the inquiry process of measurement, the temperature measurement was the most frequent measurement activity. 'Measurement design' was found more frequently in the lower grade textbooks. The uses of measurement tools were not presented systematically and were presented restrictively when the relevant experiment wanted to use these tools. The higher grade textbooks include 'quantitative measurements' rather than 'qualitative measurements' and 'operation measurement' rather than 'simple measurement'. In the application of measurement results, we had difficulty in finding the activities related with the usage of unit, unit conversion, significant figure, error and uncertainty.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether refractive powers of soft contact lenses were induced by the deposition of tear proteins when wearing soft contact lenses. Methods: The soft contact lenses (material: etafilcon A, hilafilcon A and comfilcon A) with refractive powers of -1.00 D, -3.00 D, -5.00 D and -7.00 D were incubated in artificial tear for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After incubation, their refractive powers were measured by wet cell method with an auto-lens meter and their protein deposited on the lenses was determined by the method of Lowry. Results: Among three types of soft contact lenses, the most protein deposition was detected in ionic etafilcon A lens material and significant change of its refractive power was manifested. In other words, refractive powers of etafilcon A lenses firstly decreased after 1 day incubation in artificial tear and then gradually increased with increasing incubation period again. The observed change in refractive powers of all diopters of etafilcon A material was beyond the scope of standard error and bigger in the lens with lower optical power. On the other hand, non-ionic hilafilcon A showed less protein deposition as much as about 20% in etafilacon A and statistically significant increase of refractive powers with increasing incubation period in artificial tear. The change in refractive power of hilafilcon A was also beyond the scope of the standard of error when incubating in artificial tear and greater in the lens with lower diopter. The least protein deposit was shown in silicone hydrogel lens material, comfilcon A as approximately 10% of it in etafilcon A, indicating less change in refractive power within the standard range of error. Conclusions: The large change of refractive powers that was beyond the scope of standard error by the deposition of tear proteins on soft contact lenses was differently detected depending on lens materials in the current study. Thus, the deposition of tear proteins induced by longer period of lens wearing may be one of the causes that induces blurred vision, suggesting that soft contact lens wearers with the amount of tear proteins may need to choose proper lens material.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.821-831
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• 2013

Recently image velocimetries, including particle image velocimetry (PIV) and surface image velocimetry (SIV), are often used to measure flow velocities in laboratories and rivers. The most difficult point in using image velocimetries may be how to determine the sizes of the interrogation areas and the measurement uncertainties. Especially, it is a little hard for unskilled users to use these instruments, since any standardized measuring techniques or measurement uncertainties are not well evaluated. Sometimes the user's skill and understanding on the instruments may make a wide gap between velocity measurement results. The present study aims to evaluate image velocimetry's uncertainties due to the changes in the sizes of interrogation areas and searching areas with the error analyses. For the purpose, we generated 12 series of artificial images with known velocity fields and various numbers and sizes of particles. The analysis results showed that the accuracy of velocity measurements of the image velocimetry was significantly affected by the change of the size of interrogation area. Generally speaking, the error was reduced as the size of interrogation areas became small. For the same sizes of interrogation areas, the larger particle sizes and the larger number of particles resulted smaller errors. Especially, the errors of the image velocimetries were more affected by the number of particles rather than the sizes of them. As the sizes of interrogation areas were increased, the differences between the maximum and the minimum errors seemed to be reduced. For the size of the interrogation area whose average errors were less than 5%, the differences between the maximum and the minimum errors seemed a little large. For the case, in other words, the uncertainty of the velocity measurements of the image velocimetry was large. In the viewpoint of the particle density, the size of the interrogation area was small for large particle density cases. For the cases of large number of particle and small particle density, however, the minimum size of interrogation area became smaller.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of improving read speed with color filter or without color filter to improve reading disorder of teenager who were diagnosed as Meares-Irlen syndrome through survey inspection with Meares-Irlen syndrome visual stress (MISViS) score. Methods: MISViS subjects were selected from screening survey MISViS results given above 2.13 in the clinical criteria scores (MISViS score). Reading speed were measured quickly and efficiently the rate of reading via test in which randomly ordered common words are read aloud during a minute. Each of the subjects were worn a filter of the lowest concentration in each color filter group composed of 15 groups. Results: MISViS score of MISViS group and control group were 2.57 and 0.66, respectively. Results of reading speed with filter and without filter in MISViS group were $102.27{\pm}27.86$ wpm and $118.87{\pm}26.99$ wpm (p=0.001), respectively, as well as were $132.93{\pm}6.88$ wpm and $133.43{\pm}6.64$ wpm (p=0.131) in the normal group. Associated with error changes with filter and without filter between two groups, skipping in MISViS Group were from $0.25{\pm}0.62$ times to 0 times (p=0.191), Errors were from $1.83{\pm}1.69$ times to $0.17{\pm}0.38$ times (p = 0.004) and, repetitions were 0. skipping in control group were 0 times, errors were from $0.21{\pm}0.43$ times to $0.07{\pm}0.27$ times (p=0.336) and, repetitions were from $0.14{\pm}0.36$ times to 0 (p=0.165). The filter of blue series chosen in MISViS group had higher percentage (40%), whereas, subjects in normal group were more likely to prefer the filter of gray color (29%). Conclusions: This study showed that MISViS score have been used as a significant diagnosis for Irlen syndrome screening. This study found that wearing suitable color filter for MISViS patients were useful to improve learning with regard to reading. Unique color filter selection for MISViS subjects must be carefully considered since fit color filter are different personally.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.219-239
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• 2019

As the importance of providing customized services to individuals becomes important, researches on personalized recommendation systems are constantly being carried out. Collaborative filtering is one of the most popular systems in academia and industry. However, there exists limitation in a sense that recommendations were mostly based on quantitative information such as users' ratings, which made the accuracy be lowered. To solve these problems, many studies have been actively attempted to improve the performance of the recommendation system by using other information besides the quantitative information. Good examples are the usages of the sentiment analysis on customer review text data. Nevertheless, the existing research has not directly combined the results of the sentiment analysis and quantitative rating scores in the recommendation system. Therefore, this study aims to reflect the sentiments shown in the reviews into the rating scores. In other words, we propose a new algorithm that can directly convert the user 's own review into the empirically quantitative information and reflect it directly to the recommendation system. To do this, we needed to quantify users' reviews, which were originally qualitative information. In this study, sentiment score was calculated through sentiment analysis technique of text mining. The data was targeted for movie review. Based on the data, a domain specific sentiment dictionary is constructed for the movie reviews. Regression analysis was used as a method to construct sentiment dictionary. Each positive / negative dictionary was constructed using Lasso regression, Ridge regression, and ElasticNet methods. Based on this constructed sentiment dictionary, the accuracy was verified through confusion matrix. The accuracy of the Lasso based dictionary was 70%, the accuracy of the Ridge based dictionary was 79%, and that of the ElasticNet (${\alpha}=0.3$) was 83%. Therefore, in this study, the sentiment score of the review is calculated based on the dictionary of the ElasticNet method. It was combined with a rating to create a new rating. In this paper, we show that the collaborative filtering that reflects sentiment scores of user review is superior to the traditional method that only considers the existing rating. In order to show that the proposed algorithm is based on memory-based user collaboration filtering, item-based collaborative filtering and model based matrix factorization SVD, and SVD ++. Based on the above algorithm, the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are calculated to evaluate the recommendation system with a score that combines sentiment scores with a system that only considers scores. When the evaluation index was MAE, it was improved by 0.059 for UBCF, 0.0862 for IBCF, 0.1012 for SVD and 0.188 for SVD ++. When the evaluation index is RMSE, UBCF is 0.0431, IBCF is 0.0882, SVD is 0.1103, and SVD ++ is 0.1756. As a result, it can be seen that the prediction performance of the evaluation point reflecting the sentiment score proposed in this paper is superior to that of the conventional evaluation method. In other words, in this paper, it is confirmed that the collaborative filtering that reflects the sentiment score of the user review shows superior accuracy as compared with the conventional type of collaborative filtering that only considers the quantitative score. We then attempted paired t-test validation to ensure that the proposed model was a better approach and concluded that the proposed model is better. In this study, to overcome limitations of previous researches that judge user's sentiment only by quantitative rating score, the review was numerically calculated and a user's opinion was more refined and considered into the recommendation system to improve the accuracy. The findings of this study have managerial implications to recommendation system developers who need to consider both quantitative information and qualitative information it is expect. The way of constructing the combined system in this paper might be directly used by the developers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2014

Upon setting up a dedicated plastic greenhouse for tomato cultivation developed by the Rural Development Administration on the Gyehwa reclaimed land, this study was aimed at analyzing the problems can be occurred in the installation of plastic greenhouse on reclaimed lands as well as finding out solutions for improvement. A relatively cheaper wooden pile was used in the installation in order to supplement the soft ground conditions. Based on the results of ground investigation of the installation site, both the allowable bearing capacity and pulling resistance of the wooden pile with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 10 m were computed and came out to be 30.645 kN. It was determined that the values were enough to withstand the maximum compressive force (17.206 kN) and the pullout force (20.435 kN) that are generally applied to the greenhouse footing. There are three problems aroused in the process of greenhouse installation, and the corresponding countermeasures are as follow. First, due to the slightly bent shape of the wooden pile, there were phenomenon such as deviation, torsion, and fracture when driving the pile. This could be prevented by the use of the backhoe (0.2) rotating tongs, which are holding the pile, to drive the pile while pushing to the direction of the driving and fixing it until 5 m below ground and applying a soft vibrating pressure until the first 2 m. Second, there exists a concrete independent footing between the column of the greenhouse and the wooden pile driven to the underground water level. Since it is difficult to accurately drive the pile on this independent footing, the problem of footing baseplate used to fix the column being off the independent footing was occurred. In order to handle with this matter, the diameter of the independent footing was changed from 200 mm to 300 mm. Last, after films were covered in the condition that the reinforcing frame and bracing are not installed, there was a phenomenon of columns being pushed away by the strong wind to the maximum of $11m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. It is encouraged to avoid constructions in winter, and the film covering jobs always to be done after the frame construction is completely over. The height of the independent footing was measured for 9 months after the completion of the greenhouse installation, and it was found to be within the margin of error meaning that there was no subsidence. The extent to the framework distortion and the value of inclinometers as well showed not much alteration. In other words, the wooden pile was designed to have a sufficient bearing capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

The Koreanology as well as a study of the classics should start from the correct understanding of certain words or concepts. Inaccurate or even misinterpreted explanation is bound to lead to failure. If you read a classic text, if the object does not come up to indicate clearly what the bar often. Bout, are seen refer to the translation or commentary, sometimes encounter cases of very serious misunderstanding. If a simple mistake or error, and if you recognize and fix it, but eopget a big problem, described by early to conclude identified by the fact that the amount of problem becomes serious. Besides, if the trend will spread to quote it, the situation is not out of control. One sample is "Nodongchwibyeong(老松翠屛)" in "Kyoungdojapji(京都雜誌)" "Poonsock(風俗)" "Jetaek(第宅). In some places, it is called "Booyeon(附椽), it has been described elsewhere as a kind of "chwibyeong(翠屛)". This short manuscript clarified by reviewing the old literature closely, it was "songcheom", "songboong(松棚), another expression of Bungga(棚架). More precisely, it was a nickname of Hanyang Yangban in the 18th and 19th century. However, the historical research is just not as having a meaning only one explanation for the particular word. Dare to be confident that these study are meaningful. In the extremely weak division in the understanding of the original text, the cases of applying blindly without a reflection occurs frequently. This short manuscript is to give warning to recent trends. Humanities and classical field researchers made very carefully, taking into account the impact of translation and annotations, and the other branch to accommodate the research of classical humanities disciplines should try to see this information must be verified meets the facts.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

At present, the target amount of demand-side management and investment cost of EE (Energy Efficiency) program, which consists of high-efficiency appliances, has been estimated simply by the diffusion function based on the real historical data in the past or last year. In the internal and external condition, the penetration amount of each appliance has been estimated by Bass diffusion model which is expressed by time and three coefficients. And enough acquisition of real historical data is necessary for reasonable estimation of coefficients. In energy efficiency, to estimate the target amount of demand-side management, the penetration amount of each appliance should be primarily forecasted by Bass diffusion model in Korea. On going programs, however, lightings, inverters, vending machine and motors have a insufficient real historical data which is a essential condition to forecast the penetration amount using a Bass diffusion model due to the short period of program progress. In other words, the forecast of penetration amount may not be exact, so that it is necessary for the method of forecast to apply improvement of method. In this paper, the penetration amount of high-efficiency appliances is forecasted by Bass, virtual Bass, Logistic and Lawrence & Lawton diffusion models to analyze the diffusion progress. And also, by statistic standards, each penetration is compared with historical data for model suitability by characteristic of each appliance. Based on the these result, in the forecast of penetration amount by diffusion model, the reason for error occurrence caused by simple application of diffusion model and preferences of each diffusion model far a characteristic of data are analyzed.