• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2012

In this study, there has been investigated the simulation of irradiation dose using Monte Carlo methodology for the biological control of wooden cultural property. In the evaluation of fungal contamination on wooden cultural properties, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium sp. were mainly identified from the Gimjeotgae. But these microorganisms were completely inactivated by 20 kGy gamma-rays. For dosimetry simulation of wooden cultural properties, Monte Carlo methodology with MCNP was used. The radiation absorbed dose distribution was predicted at 8.2~18.9 kGy. These results show that irradiation is effective for biologic control of wooden cultural properties and Monte Carlo methodology is useful for non-destructive conservation and preservation of wooden cultural properties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2014

Wooden cultural heritages of Korea have been destroyed by fire in many cases. As a result, a number of methods to protect wooden cultural properties against fire were introduced. A way of protecting wooden cultural properties installations of fire equipments such as sprinkler, fire alarm system, or fire extinguisher. Another way of protecting wooden cultural properties is to treat them with flame retardants for their safety. Development of a very effective flame retardant with a good performance without affecting danchung and wood quality is required. At the same time, methods of evaluating flame retardant treated woods should be devised to assess their efficacy. In this study, combustion characteristics using cone-calorimeter, limit oxygen index, moisture absorption, iron corrosive and weathering were analyzed to evaluate the flame resistance efficacy and performance of flame retardants treated woods. The evaluation methods of flame retardants for wooden cultural heritage were suggested.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2002

This study is about the preservation of wooden buildings as cultural properties. I got the idea for preservation and repair of cultural properties of wooden buildings by watching the process of repairing them in Japan. The Japanese have been endeavored to restoring old wooden buildings to their original forms for more than a hundred years. The idea to change decayed materials into new materials or the new approach to the process of restoration used to be in conflict with the concept of 'Authenticity'--the criteria for evaluation of the value of cultural properties, based on the Western of thinking, established by UNESCO. Since 'Nara Conference on Authenticity', held in 1994 in Nara, however, the concept of 'Authenticity' has changed, and the peculiarity of certain cultural properties of the wooden buildings and their diversity of culture have now begun to be recognized by UNESCO. This is a crucial change for the study of preservation, repair and restoration of cultural properties of wooden buildings. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to look closely at the process of change of the concept 'Authenticity' and find a better method for preservation of cultural properties of wooden buildings.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 문화재청에서 지정한 123개 목조문화재를 대상으로 소방대책을 고려한 실태조사 및 분석을 다음과 같이 실시하였다. 첫째 우리나라 목조문화재의 관리 및 원인별 화재발생현황을 조사하여 정리하였다. 둘째, 123개의 중요목조문화재에 대하여 2008년 8월부터 10월까지 현장조사 및 유관기관 자료조사를 실시하여 문화재의 지정구분, 소재지구분, 해당건축면적, 보유문화재수, 소방시설현황, 소방차의 진입방향, 자위소방대 인원, 방화관리자 선임여부, 소방서와의 거리 및 소요시간 등의 소방대책 마련에 필요한 내용들을 조사 분석하여 중요목조문화재의 기본현황을 정리하였다. 셋째, 위의 조사 자료를 기본으로 123개 중요목조문화재의 화재발생을 고려한 위험도를 살펴보고자 문화재의 내부적 현황과 외부적 현황으로 구분하여 평균지수에 의해 분석하고 우리나라 중요목조문화재의 소방대책수립을 위한 기초자료를 정리하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

연구목적 : 본 연구는 경상남북도의 국가지정 중요목조문화재 주변 환경에 따라 방재특성이 어떻게 다른지를 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 문화재 주변 환경에 맞는 목조문화재 방재대책을 검토하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구를 위해 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 문화재 지정 현황 및 특성을 파악하고 재난이력을 통하여 경상남도 및 경상북도에 있는 문화재의 피해 현황을 검토하였다. 또한 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 국가지정 중요목조문화재 58개소를 대상으로 주변 환경에 따라 산악, 농촌, 도시지역으로 나누어 방재특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 도시지역에 위치한 문화재는 안전경비인력의 배치가 적절했고 방재훈련이 잘 이루어지고 있었으며 진입여건은 신속하게 진입할 수 있었다. 농촌지역은 방염사업이 잘 실시되어 있었고 평탄한 곳에 위치한 문화재가 많았다. 산악지역은 진입여건이 타 지역에 좋지 않았으며 과거 재난 발생이력도 가장 많았다. 결론 :첫째, 도시지역의 목조문화재 경우 초기 대응을 위한 자위소방대 배치인력 확보 및 방재교육을 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 농촌지역의 목조문화재 경우 문화재 보호를 위한 방충사업, 방재보험 등의 예방사업을 실시해야 한다. 셋째, 산악지역의 목조문화재 경우 자체적인 대응역량을 강화하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 문화재청에서 지정한 국가지정 중요목조문화재 124곳 중 중요사찰목조문화재 80곳에 대하여 2008년 6월부터 12월까지 각 사찰에 대해 현지조사와 사찰을 관장하는 각 관할소방서에 대한 화재진압 매뉴얼의 자료조사를 실시하였다. 조사내용은 문화재지정구분, 소재지구분, 사찰부지면적, 사찰 내 건축면적, 지정문화재의 건축면적, 화재발생시 화재진압을 위한 소방차의 진입방향, 소방관서와의 거리, 방화관리자의 지정현황을 조사하였다. 또한, 각 사찰의 문화재보유특성에는 사찰경내의 목조건물이 중요목조문화재로 지정이 되어 있는 경우와 석탑, 불상, 탱화, 종, 석등, 부도, 현판, 주련 등이 보유문화재로 지정되어 있어 각 문화재를 유형별로 이동 운반이 가능한 소산문화재와 이동 운반이 불가능한 불소산문화재로 분류 조사하였으며, 각 문화재의 재질을 조사하여 화재발생시 신속한 초기 대응과 문화재 피해 최소화를 위한 기초 연구결과를 정리하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내 목조문화재의 화재에 대한 수계 자동소화시스템 중에 범용의 스프링클러 소화시스템에 대한 소화성능을 소화실험을 통하여 확인해 보았다. 목조문화재는 가연성의 재질로 구성되어 있어 화재에 취약하며, 방화의 경우 화재의 성상 초기부터 화원의 규모가 커질 수 있다. 본 실험에 적용된 스프링클러 헤드는 방사압 1 bar, 방수량 80 lpm의 사양을 지니고 있다. 소화실험의 유형은 화원의 규모별, 문화재 규모별로 각각 둘로 구분하여 소화성능을 실험하였다. 소화실험을 통해 확인된 사항은 천장이 높으면 소화 시간이 지연되는 결과가 발생하며, 화원의 규모가 2단위에서는 소화는 가능하였지만 소화가 지연되는 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과 천장이 높고, 화원의 규모가 2단위 이상이 되면 소화성능이 낮을 것으로 예측된다. 실제 목조문화재의 화재 성장 환경이 소화실험 모형보다 유리하다는 측면을 고려해야 한다. 그러므로 스프링클러 소화설비를 목조문화재에 적용 할 때에 헤드간 거리 헤드의 선정 등 충분한 검증이 요구된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권15호
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• pp.104-127
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• 1994

Traditional architecture has structural limits after some terms because it almost made by wood elements. So in the name of 'Restoration', by anatural process, repair works are accomplished. But the repair works of traditional buildings have some problems in spite of best men power and technology. To overcome this problems, we need more detailed studies for examine the reasons of destruction in elements of wooden buildings. The life limits of wooden buildings are caused by natural circumstances and humanic circumstances, the former has bad effect on the damage in wooden buildings. There are various elements of damage in the wooden buildings, earthquake, the falling of a thunderbolt, fire, and rain, microorganism, insect, and so on. Moreover pollutions-sulfurous acid gas, acidorganic matters -are important reason of shortening the life of wooden buildings. From 1981 till now we investigated important traditional buildings under repair works by the way scientific analysis to catch the sample - seramics, woods, insects, metals, etc. In this reports we suggest various method of investigation with two samples of tradional house made by wood, one is Kim Joo Tea House, the order is Simgum-dang of Magok-Sa(dwelling of monk).

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권28호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2007

Wooden artifacts are biologically damaged by animals, insects, and micro-organisms. We focused on the evaluation of the antifungal and insecticidal activities of tree extracts to control deterioration of wooden cultural properties. 12 kinds of methanol extracts from 9 species of tree were investigated for their biocidal activities against two micro-organisms and two spices of insect. Most tree extracts showed fungicidal activities to Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor. Among 12 different tree extracts, the strongest antifungal activity against T.palustris and T.versicolor was observed from the extracts of Pinus densiflora stem-bark extract and Pinus koraiensis leaf extracts. However, in the insecticidal activity test, Pinus densiflora stem-bark extracts against termite was relatively effective. Chemical compositions of methanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. As a result, it was confirmed that development of biocide based on the natural extracts can be expected to conservate of wooden cultural properties.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.