• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.246-255
• /
• 2022

The need for non-destructive testing and evaluation of Korean traditional wooden buildings is increasing because of their widespread deterioration. Among all types of deterioration, termite damage in wooden columns is the most difficult to detect with the naked eye because it starts inside the wood, and the initial deterioration is small. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is the best technology to investigate the inner state of wood that has less damage, but applying it to wooden columns between walls is challenging. Therefore, the feasibility of tomosynthesis, which is a method to reconstruct a coronal section of a subject with a few X-ray projections from a limited angle of rotation, was studied as an alternative to CT. Pine (P. densiflora) with three artificial holes was prepared as a specimen to evaluate the quality of reconstructed tomosynthesis images according to the different number of projections. The quality of the tomosynthesis images in the in-focus plane was evaluated using the contrast-to-noise ratios, while a vertical resolution between the images was assessed by determining the artificial spread function. The quality of the tomosynthesis image in the in-focus plane increased as the number of projections increased and then remained constant as the number of projections reached 21 or over. In the case of vertical resolution, there was no significant difference when 21 projections or more were used to reconstruct the images. A distinct difference between coronal section images was found when the distance was more than 10 mm from one plane to another plane.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.405-422
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the resistance of domestic wood species used as wood members in general wood construction and Korean wood cultural properties to the termite Reticulitermes speratus using no-choice and two-choice tests. The results of the no-choice experiment confirmed that hardwood has higher termite resistance than that of softwood. In addition, R. speratus prefers softwood, including Abies holophylla, which has low density, is easy to feed on, and does not contain repellent extracts. In a two-choice test, Zelkova serrata was found to be the most termite-resistant wood species used in wooden cultural buildings. In addition, we investigated the effects of different wood extraction methods and their components on termite resistance. The cold-water extraction of softwood increased the feeding activity of termites; however, the cold-water extraction of hardwood had little effect on the feeding activity of termites. In natural environments with repeated exposure to moisture, such as rainfall, water-soluble extracts present in wood species are relatively more likely to dissolve and removed, making softwood more likely to be damaged by termites than hardwood. Untreated Quercus variabilis showed an extremely weak feeding activity of termites compared with that in other wood species; however, feeding termites with the alcohol-benzene extract of Q. variabilis had no inhibitory effect on their feeding activity. Therefore, we believe that the high density of Oriental cork oak wood inhibits the feeding activity of R. speratus. In contrast, the alcohol-benzene extracts of Z. serrata, Prunus sargentii, and Castanea crenata showed a strong inhibition of the feeding activity of termites.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 2006

We have focused on the building appearance according to the change of conservation policy and urban fabric in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved in modern contort from 1920's to 1960's, that is to say, many buildings(Urban Hanok) in Bukchon area has built up with a lot and road at the same time. But the change of conservation policy has an effect on the urban fabric and building(wooden structure, RC and brick building). Thus many types of building in Bukchon has undergone a various change. The purpose of this paper is to define a change factor of Bukchon buildings. Thus we need to pay attention to policy and urban fabric. We reached the result as follows. First, the change of architecture regulations according to the several policies(an aesthetic area, an altitude area for sky line restriction and so on) brought into building deformation and eventually the historic scenery of Bukchon has been spoiled. Second, the change of policy had an effect on the change of roads and lots. Buildings on a widen road and a united lot was built newly. But new buildings built up with a concrete or brick structure was not in harmony with the historic scenery of Bukchon area. Third, a development method of a large lot with lack prudence(disregarded a scale and size of lot) did damage to Urban hanok and urban fabric. With the understanding on the relationship of buildings, a urban fabric and a policy in Bukchon, we can define the identity and correspond with the urgent request for a the conservation of historic urban scenery In addition we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Bukchon, Seoul.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

This study is intended to derive the adaptive reuse techniques through the history and aspects of new construction, extension, repair, and other works, limited to the deep and narrow lots facing Seongan-gil and Nammun-gil in Nammun-ro 2 ga of Cheongju, the historic urban area. The results are as follows. 1) In the case of newly built reinforced concrete buildings, the central part of the top floor of the residence or all floors are opened to the open space(void) to facilitate lighting and ventilation. This is developed as a convection phenomenon due to the temperature difference from the slits between buildings, which affects the entire air flow of the block. 2) The buildings of extension and repair are composed of two-story masonry or steel frame, both the front store facing the road and the house on the back, but it looks like one because it is in contact with each other. If only a small gap between the front and rear buildings is restored to an external space or a space equipped with sun light, a small breath can be provided in lighting and ventilation. 3) The existing two-story wooden stores and houses have lost their external space due to repairs. With minimal intervention to restore the small courtyard, slits, and space under the eaves, it will not only improve lighting and ventilation, but also create a unique appearance as a segment of the elongated store.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2017

여주 신륵사는 남한강과 인접하여 습도가 높고 안개일수가 많으며 산림과 인접하여 생물피해가 우려되는 곳이다. 이에 문화재 보존관리 계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료 확보를 위해 신륵사 목조건축물의 생물분포와 주변 산림의 흰개미 분포를 3년 동안 모니터링 하였다. 그 결과 문화재 가해곤충인 구멍벌이 지속적으로 확인되었으며, 계절과 연차별 곤충분포가 다양하게 나타났다. 이는 대상지의 입지특성과 당해 연도의 기후 변화가 함께 반영되었기 때문으로 추정된다. 배후 산림에서는 전체적으로 흰개미 군체가 확인되었고, 분포 양상은 매년 다르게 나타났다. 미생물 조사 결과 건물의 출입 여부에 따라 종별 분포와 오염도가 다르게 나타났으며, 목재부후균도 분리 동정되었다. 따라서 보존환경과 생물분포에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 목재가해생물종의 추가적인 유입을 막기 위한 조치가 필요하다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2019

한국 전통 목조 건축물의 경우 구조적 성능은 재료 특성, 접합부의 형태, 치목의 정밀도 등에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 기존 사례 연구에서도 보와 기둥 접합부 형태는 변형 및 간격의 정도에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 보고하고 있다. 이는 단층 건물뿐만 아니라 대규모 다층 건물의 경우에도 마찬가지로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 접합부 형태에 대해 분석하고 모형을 제작하고 구조적 성능을 테스트하는 과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과, 주먹장맞춤의 실험체에서 최대 하중을 나타냈다. 각각의 형태의 접합부에 의한 구조적 성능을 종합하면, 도래걷이 주먹장맞춤이 가장 높은 성능을 나타내었으며, 다음으로 도래걷이 장부맞춤의 순으로 나타났다. 건물의 구조적 성능은 관통하는 보의 치목 형태와 기둥 내부의 접합부 형테에 따라 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 다층 건물의 신축 또는 복원을 위해 고려되어야하며 이후 계속 연구되어야 할것으로 사료된다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2020

This study investigates the recycling potential of demolition waste (DW) according to building structure, while considering economic aspects. For that, this study surveyed 1,034 residential buildings to collect reliable information on demolition waste generation rates (DWGRs). This study suggested a method for operational cost calculation for each stage and carried out an inventory analysis. The economic value of recycled DW materials was also calculated. And then, the recycling potential(RP) was calculated by building structures and waste types. RP by building structure was low (27-40%), and RP was found in the order of masonry-block, wooden, RC and concrete-brick. By type of DWs, the RP of aggregates was considerably lower than 7%, and DWs such as wood, plastics, and metals showed more than 100% RP. Considering the results of this study, In order to improve the RP of buildings and DWs, the diversification of products that recycled waste like aggregates (i.e., mortar, concrete, bricks, blocks, tiles) and the development of high value-added products are considered to be the most urgent problems. Based on the above RP results, this study proposed a more advanced method for life cycle assessment of buildings and demolition waste.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권33호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2012

백색부후균(Trametes versicolor)과 갈색부후균(Tyromyces palustris)은 목조문화재 및 건축물 등의 목재 조직의 건조, 부패과 균열, 스펀지화, 변색 등 다양한 손상을 발생시켜 구조적, 미학적인 관점에서 심각한 문제를 나타내고 있다. 그리고 가장 피해를 많이 주는 해충인 흰개미(Reticulitermes speratus Kyushuensis Morimoto)는 목조건축물의 옥외 기둥이나 대들보 등의 표층을 얇게 남겨두고 내부를 침해함으로써, 결국은 속이 빈 기둥이 되어 건축물이 무너져버리는 피해를 줄 수 있다. 대표적 피해 미생물인 목재부후 균이 흰개미의 서식에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 부후균이 만연된 곳에 흰개미를 넣어 공존 가능성을 실험해 보았다. 목재의 중량으로 피해율을 산정한 결과, 전반적인 총질량은 두 종류의 부후균에서 모두 감소하였다. 목재의 질량은 백색부후균에서는 모두 감소하였으나, 갈색부후균에서는 오히려 증가한 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 섭식량을 측정하기 위한 목재의 건조 후 질량에서는 갈색부후균에 넣었던 목재의 질량 감소가 더 크게 나타났다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The construction of New Han-ok style public buildings is a construction that can not be seen in traditional Han-ok, and it is a construction that combines traditional wooden structure, RC structure, and steel structure. Therefore, construction different from general construction is complicated and complex. It is necessary to accurately understand the construction method of each field rather than the general construction management method and study the method suitable for New Han-ok style public buildings. Also, since the New Han-ok style public building business is the first business to be introduced in Korea, new process management is needed rather than general process management. Method: The research method is as follows. Analyze process management through theoretical considerations and analyze the differences from general construction projects. Next, we want to identify the characteristics and problems of the process control method applied to real cases. Finally, the results of this analysis suggest ways to improve process management. Result: Therefore, it is necessary to establish a precise plan from the basic design to the construction of the public building construction management. In addition, careful planning should be made so that the supply and demand of materials and the supply and demand of personnel can be achieved smoothly.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2020

This research is conducted focusing on the 7-Dories type wooden buildings showing different rafter installation. This research found the reason why the rafter configuration look different each other and the relationship the between rafters and the Dory. Factors were compared to determine why the rafter configuration show the formal differentiation. The comparison factors are as follows: 1. The type of rafter installation is related to the longitudinal length of the building. 2. The type of rafter installation is related to the number of Kans on the side of the building and is proportionate. 3. The type of rafter configuration is related to the Dory arrangement and is proportionate. 4. The type of rafter configuration is related to the Dory's vertical arrangement. If the Dory arrangement is small, it is identified as two-stage rafter configuration. And if the Dory arrangement is large, it is identified as three-stage rafter configuration. Eventually, it was confirmed that the rafter configuration were affected by the Dory arrangement.