• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2006

Recently the production of ethanol from lignocecllulosics has received much attention due to immense potential for conversion of renewable biometerials into biofuels and chemicals. Fomitopsis palustris causes a typycal brown-rot and is unusual in that it rapidly depolymerize the cellulose in wood without removing the surrounding lignin that normally prevents microbial attack. This study demonstrated that the brown rot basidiomycete F. palustris was able to degrade crystalline cellulose. This fungus could also produce the three major cellulases (BGL, EXG and EG) when the cells were grown on 2.0% Avicel. The fungus was able to degrade both the crystalline and amorphous forms of cellulose from woody biomasses. Moreover, we found that this fungus has the processive EG like CBH which are able to degrade the crystalline region of cellulose. To establish the cellulase system in relation with degradation of woody biomass, we performed that purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a BGL, EGs and GLA from F. palustris grown on Avicel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

This paper proposes the method to develop the fuel of suljigemi pellet using agricultural by-products the occurred during the manufacturing of alcohol. The goal of the development of suljigemi using biomass is to make the pellet fuel of high calorie. The suljigemi pellet is difficult to recycle waste in the manufacture company of alcohol. suljigemi pellet has the effect of zero emission as the soil conditioner using ash after burning. Also suljigemi pellet has the reduction effect of carriage fee, fuel economy and low-cost high-efficiency effects, environmentally clean fuel as CO2 emissions savings. So the technologies of the suljigemi fuel pellet are developing low carbon, green growth renewable energy fuel through futuristic energy system will be. In experiments, suljigemi pellets confirmed the calories by about 10% higher than wood pellets with the same conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

A downdraft gasifier was manufactured for biomass gasification. The gasifier was designed based on the principles of gasification presented in previous studies. The pipes of 25mm diameter were used for both supplying air and discharging producer gas. Wood charcoals were mostly used for fuels. The concentration of CO ranged from 25 to 35%, comparable to the values presented in other studies. The temperature outside wall of the gasifier was measured up to $400^{\circ}C$, indicating a great heat loss. When glass wool was cover over the wall, some parts of wire mesh located in the bottom of the reactor were molten down. There were several modifications that should be made in order to improve its efficiency and obtain more stable continuous gasification, including insulation, reduction in pressure loss, durable bottom meshes, the optimum length of reaction part, and safety.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

Bio-ethanol is the most potential next generation automotive fuel for reducing both consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution from renewable resources such as wood, forest residuals, agricultural leftovers and urban wastes. Lignocellulosic based materials can be broken down into individual sugars. Therefore, saccharification is one of the important steps for producing sugars, such as 6-C glucose, galactose, mannose and 5-C xylose, mannose and rhamnose. These sugars can be further broken down and fermented into ethanol. The main objective of this research is to study the feasibility and optimize saccharification and fermentation process for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to low cost bioethanol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1819-1825
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• 2008

Degradation and glucose production from wood chips of white pine (Pinus strobus) and tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) by several white rot fungi were investigated. The highest weight losses from 4 g of wood chips of P. strobus and L. tulipifera by the fungal degradation on yeast extract-malt extract-glucose agar medium were 38% of Irpex lacteus and 93.7% of Trametes versicolor MrP 1 after 90 days, respectively. When 4 g of wood chips of P. strobus and L. tulipifera biodegraded for 30 days were treated with cellulase, glucose was recovered at the highest values of 106 mg/g degraded wood by I. lacteus and 450 mg/g degraded wood by T. versicolor. The weight loss of 10 g of wood chip of L. tulipifera by T. versicolor on the nutrient non-added agar under the nonsterile conditions was 35% during 7 weeks of incubation, and the cumulative amount of glucose produced during this period was 239 mg without cellulase treatment. The activities of ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) of fungi tested did not show a high correlation with degradation of the wood chips and subsequent glucose formation. These results suggest that the selection of proper wood species and fungal strain and optimization of glucose recovery are all necessary for the fungal pretreatment of woody biomass as a carbon substrate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.602-603
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• 2010

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.104.1-104.1
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• 2010

We investigated combustion characteristics of wood pellets in a combustion equipment with adjusting amount of flue gas. Maximum temperature in a combustion chamber was $850^{\circ}C$. Higher heating Value of a domestic wood pellet tested is 19.1 MJ/kg and water content was 8.3%. Amount of flue gas causes big effect on burning characteristics in $450{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. Wood pellet does not burn in low temperature atmosphere less than $450^{\circ}C$ and low flue gas flow rate. We made burning the pellet that is made in Korea, USA, Chile and Canada. Color of foreign pellets are bright brown and they made by mainly sawdust. Korean pellet is a dark brown color because it contains bark. There are some differences in the result of elementary analysis and technical analysis. According to the result of burning experiment, burning times of each countries's pellet are similar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.147-158
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• 2008

In this study, fermentation characteristics of waste agricultural and forest biomass for production of heat energy were focused to be used in agricultural farm households. The purpose of this study was focused on seeking practical utilization of agricultural and forest biomass wastes in agricultural farm households in the form of thermal energy by means of simple fermentation process. Fermentation process was performed in terms of different raw-materials and their mixture with different ratios. Urea, lime, and bioaids were added as fermenting aids. Moisture contents of fermenting substrates were adjusted to 55~65%. In order to optimize the fermentation process various factors, such as raw-materials, moisture contents, amount of fermenting aids, and practical measurement of hot-water temperature during fermentation were carefully investigated. The optimum condition of fermenting process were obtained from hardwood only and hardwood: softwood (50 : 50) beds. In case of hardwood only the highest temperature was recorded between 60 to $90^{\circ}C$ the lowest temperature was determined to more or less $40^{\circ}C$ and the average temperature was ranged to $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and this temperature ranges were maintained up to 20~30 days. The optimum amount of additives were estimated to ca. 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of bioaids, and 10 kg of lime for 1 ton of substrate. To reach the highest temperature the optimum moisture content of fermenting substrate was proved to 55% among three moisture content treatments of 45%, 55% and 65%. The temperature of hot-water tank installed in fermenting bed of hardwood : grass (50 : 50) showed very different patterns according to measuring positions. In general, temperatures in the mid- and upper-parts of substrate piling were relative higher than lower and surface parts during 45-day fermentation process. The maximum temperature of fermenting stage was determined to $65^{\circ}C$, minimum temperature, more or less $40^{\circ}C$, and average temperature was $60^{\circ}C$. The water temperature of tank exit was ranged to $33{\sim}48^{\circ}C$ during whole measuring periods. It could be concluded that fermentation process of waste agricultural and forest biomass produces a considerable amounts of heat, averaging about $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ for maximum 3 months by using the heat exchanger (HX-helical type).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.713-716
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• 2007

Interests have been focused to the renewable energy because energy cost of fossil fuel increased and global climate change caused by CO2 evolution became severe. To overcome these problems, it is essential to develop the energy conversion technologies of renewable resources. Therefore, production and utilization state of wood and woody waste was firstly investigated and then various technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion) converting the wood and woody waste to energy were summarized. Some case studies of woody waste utilization in europe was introduced with the policy of EU countries. Economical aspect of woody waste was compared with the current fossil fuels and the energy policy of wood and woody waste was suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2005

Continuous degradation of forest in both quality and quantity threatens wood security in the future. Thus in the future, most wood and pulp will be expected to be produced from plantation forests. We attempt to produce superior trees suitable for such plantations with maximum productivity in limited land area. Tree productivity could be enhanced either by promoting growth and wood quality or by reducing loss caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. Genetic transformation techniques may offer ways to improve the productivity by enabling trees to tolerate the stresses or to covert limited resources into big biomass. With the availability of information on various functional genes and gene transfer techniques, it should be possible to develop such trees. In this presentation, our work to produce such trees at Korea Forest Research Institute is briefly introduced.