• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2001

Foreign tourists prefer a T-shirts as a souvenir and it can be used practically. The objective of this study is to development T-shirts design using traditional window frame pattern for tourism souvenir. T-shirts design applied traditional window-frame pattern, which is a geometrical figure among traditional shapes. The results are as follows. 1. Window-frame pattern were general shape and complicated shape. 2. Window-frame pattern is visually ordered and stabled because has perfect ratio. 3. Geometrical line of window-frame applied on a T-shirt and match with modern sense.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2006

Purpose of this study is proposal of estimating method about window thermal performance that based on KS F 2278 'Test method of thermal resistance for windows and doors' due to material composition of PVC frame window. First step of this study is research of present state about material composition of PVC frame window. Second is selection of main effective elements about window thermal resistance. For example, composition of Glazing, Frame area ratio of total window area, frame width, opening type, area of heat transfer and so on. Third is multiple regression analysis about thermal performance of PVC frame window due to main effective elements. It produces equations of multiple regression analysis due to opening type. Case of sliding window is $Y=0.149+0.034X_g+0.248X_{far}$, 4track sliding is $Y=0.584+0.175X_g+1.355X_{far}-0.008X_{fw}$, Tilt & Turn window is $Y=-0.161+0.076X_g+0.576X_{far}+0.0008X_{fw}$.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.52-59
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• 2010

MAC frame aggregation is a method that combines multiple MPDUs (MAC protocol data units) into one PPDU (PHY protocol data units) to enhance network performance at the MAC layer. In ad hoc networks, TCP underperforms due to the congestion window overshooting problem and thus by setting CWL (congestion window limit) TCP performance can be improved. In this paper, we investigate the problem of setting CWL for TCP performance optimization in ad hoc networks with MAC frame aggregation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2011

In apartment housing construction, window frame installation work, which is conducted after the structural framework, is very important, because its completion time directly affects the starting time of successive interior finishing works, as well as the overall construction period. Construction delays in interior finishing works might occur due to problems inherent to the conventional window frame installation method, such as the poor verticality of window frames, and the water leakage around them. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the problems of a 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' based on its pilot test results. Next, this study proposes an improved conceptual model that enables the end users to enhance the field applicability of this method in terms of productivity, time, and cost. The field applicability of the proposed 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' was also verified through a survey.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

Window integrated solar collector is to simply install inside of the existing double glass window frame. Double glass window frame is consist of inner glass of Low-E coating and Silver coating, and outer glass of low iron reinforced glass. In order to secure natural lighting in a room, only 50% of window frame is covered with solar collectors. Solar absorption or transmission rate varies seasonally depending on sun angles. Part of inner glass where right behind of the solar plate is covered with silver coating to increase absorption rate of solar plate. The collector is made of a copper serpentine where aluminum fins are soldering. To improve the effect of insulation of inside of the window frame is recommend vacuum. As a result, we are making the 3th sample and will archieve below $F_RU_L=7.5W/m^2^{\circ}C$ that is the account of heat lossed, and above $F_R({\tau}{\alpha})=0.45$.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

Steel stiffener is required for reinforcing the structure of the window frame made of versatile but weak PVC material. Steel stiffener however becomes a source of greater heat loss and frequently plays a role of thermal bridge due to its high thermal conductivity. To maintain thermal resistance similar to PVC frame, steel stiffener is perforated to reduce the effective heat transfer area. To compensate the structural strength of the steel stiffener which is weakened by the perforation, the thickness is increased. Increase in thickness will also increase the thermal heat resistance. Five samples which are PVC frame, PVC frame + original steel stiffener, PVC frame + 30% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 50% perforated steel stiffener, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener are modeled and simulated for 2nd moment of area and thermal resistance. Therm/window version 6.3 is used for thermal analysis. The results show that among the five samples analyzed, PVC frame + 65% perforated steel stiffener best satisfies both structural strength and thermal resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.897-918
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• 2014

This paper addresses multi-window Gabor frames with rational time-frequency product. Such issue was considered by Zibulski and Zeevi (Appl. Comput. Harmonic Anal. 4 (1997), 188-221) in terms of Zak transform matrix (so-called Zibuski-Zeevi matrix), and by many others. In this paper, we introduce of a new Zak transform matrix. It is different from Zibulski-Zeevi matrix, but more direct and convenient for our purpose. Using such Zak transform matrix we characterize rational time-frequency multi-window Gabor frames (Riesz bases and orthonormal bases), and Gabor duals for a Gabor frame. Some examples are also provided, which show that our Zak transform matrix method is efficient.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

Purpose: It is difficult to calculate frame U-value because of the two reason. First is selection of air properties in cavity. Second is calculation method in window frame. For this reason, it is important to decide cavity properties in window frame. However, international standards offered different method(ISO 15099, ISO 10077) and air properties was changed according to the two methods. The aim of this study was to suggest method for deriving accurate frame U-value using international standard methods and CFD simulation. Method: First, this study conducted analysis calculation method of ISO 15099 and ISO 10077. And, CFD simulation conducted based on same condition. Finally, ISO calculation and CFD simulation results were verified through comparison with real experiment results. Result: The results show that effective conductivity of ISO 15099 was the highest value. ISO 10077 and CFD result followed. The convergent values of ISO 10077 was the highest. ISO 15099 and CFD followed. ISO calculation reflecting CFD simulation results will reduce error with experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

As an alternative for conventional structures for tall buildings, a hybrid lateral load resisting structure has been designed, enabling the assembly of tall buildings directly from a truck. It consists of steel frames with discretely connected precast concrete infill panels provided with window openings. Besides the stiffening and strengthening effect of the infill panels on the frame structure, economical benefits may be derived from saving costs on materials and labour, and from reducing construction time. In order to develop design rules for this type of structure, the hybrid infilled frame has recently been subjected to experimental and numerical analyses. Ten full-scale tests were performed on one-storey, one-bay, 3 by 3 m infilled frame structures, having different window opening geometries. Subsequently, the response of the full-scale experiments was simulated with the finite element program DIANA. The finite element simulations were performed taking into account non-linear material characteristics and geometrical non-linearity. The experiments show that discretely connected precast concrete panels provided with a window opening, can significantly improve the performance of steel frames. A comparison between the full-scale experiments and simulations shows that the finite element models enable simulating the elastic and plastic behaviour of the hybrid infilled frame.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.422-427
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• 2012

This study investigates on the relationship between total load which is caused by infiltration and insulation thickness against compensation effect. As the result of experiment, the PVC(Synthetic resins sash) window frame in airtightness is superior to the AL(Aluminum sash) window frame. In this study, as the increasing of insulation thickness in reference building does not reduce significantly cooling load, the compensation effect due to airtightness against infiltration is very small. But the compensation effect against infiltration can be closely related with heating load. Therefore, the proper thermal insulation thickness can be needed respect to cooling and heating load.