• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.305-310
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• 1997

There are many parameters in prediction of forest fire spread. The variables such as fuel moisture, fuel loading, wind velocity, wind direction, relative humidity, slope, and solar aspect have important effects on fire. Particularly, wind and slope factors are considered to be the most important parameters in propagation of forest fire. Generally, slope effect cause different wind distribution in mountain area. However, this effect is disregarded in complex geometry. In this paper, wind is estimated by applying computational fluid dynamics to the forest geometry. Wind velocity data is obtained by using CFD code with Newtonian model and slope is calculated with geometrical data. These data are applied fer 2-dimentional forest fire spreading algorithm with Korean ROS(Rate Of Spread). Finally, the comparison between the simulation and the real forest fire is made. The algorithm spread of forest fire will help fire fighter to get the basic data far fire suppression and the prediction to behavior of forest fire.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 지하생활공간을 대상으로 풍속의 변화에 대한 축소모델 실험을 통하여 열유동 및 화재성상을 분석하였다. 풍속이 증가할수록 화재실의 온도상승 시간은 빨라지고, 실의 온도도 증가하였다. 그리고 풍속이 증가할수록 화재실의 개구부에서 최고온도를 나타내었다. 화재확산에 따른 열유동은 풍속이 증가할수록 와류확산을 촉진시켜 연기발생과 화염의 크기를 증가시키고, 인근실의 내부보다 통로에서 높은 온도분포를 나타내었다. 끝으로 지하생활공간의 화재시 열유동은 풍향과 풍속에 의해 화재확산이 결정되어지고 풍속이 증가할수록 온도증가와 감소는 빠르게 진행됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2014

Ventilation and fire safety design in road tunnels are one of the most complex issues that need to be carefully considered and analysed in the designing stage of any potential upgrade of ventilation and other fire safety systems in tunnels. Placement road tunnels space has an important influence on fire safety, especially when considering the effect of adverse wind conditions that significantly influence ventilation characteristics. The appropriate analysis of fire and smoke control is almost impossible without the use of modern simulation tools (e.g., CFD) due to a large number of influential parameters and consequently extensive data. The impact of the strong wind is briefly presented in this paper in the case of a longitudinally ventilated road tunnel Kastelec, which is exposed to various severe wind conditions that significantly influence its fire safety. The possibility of using CFD simulations in the analysis of the tunnel placement in space terms negative effect of wind influence on the tunnel ventilation is clearly indicated.

• 대기
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.485-500
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• 2013

This study conducted WRF-Fire simulations in order to investigate sensitivities of the resolution of fire fuel and terrain data sets, and the surface wind to simulated fire area. The sensitivity simulations were consisted of 8 different WRF-Fire runs, each of which used different combination of data sets of fire fuel and terrain with different resolution. From the results it was turned out that the surface wind was most sensitive. The next was fire fuel and then fire terrain. Unfortunately, every run produced too much fire area. In other words no simulations succeeded in simulating such proper fire area so as for the WRF-Fire to be used realistically. It was verified that the errors of fire area from each runs were contributed by 41%, 53%, and 6% from surface wind, fire fuel, and fire terrain, respectively. Finally this study suggested that the selection of Anderson fuel category in the area of interest seemed to be very critical in the performance of WRF-Fire simulations.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2003

모형에 의한 산불의 확산 속도와 강도의 분석은 0.5 m/sec와 1 m/sec로 변화를 준 후 이러한 풍속의 변화에 따라 산불의 강도와 확산속도를 분석한 결과 풍속의 변화에 따라 산불의 확산속도와 강도가 다르게 나타나고 있으며, 불이 시작되어서 끝날 때까지의 시간은 0.5 m/sec에서는 161초, 1 m/sec에서는 146초 정도 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 산불의 확산속도는 0.5 m/sec에서는 평균 0.014 m/sec, 1 m/sec에서는 0.020 m/sec로 0.5 m/sec에 비하여 약 1,4배정도 빠르게 나타났다. 산불의 강도는 풍속 0.5 m/sec에서는 0.183 ㎾/m, 1 m/sec에서는 0.259㎾/m로 0.5m/sec에 비하여 약 1.4배정도 차이가 났으며, 속도가 빠르면 산불의 강도 또한 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 모형에 의한 산불확산 속도와 강조의 분석은 산불 실험을 실험실내에서 실시한 외국의 사례가 다소 있으나 외국 사례에서는 본 실험에서 제작된 것과 같은 산악형이 아니라 평지형의 모델을 이용하여 실험을 실시 한 것들이다. 본 연구에서는 우리의 실정에 맞는 산악형의 모델을 사용하고자 도면상의 실측모양으로 모형을 제작하였으나 모델의 크기가 너무 작아 임지내의 지피물을 이용한 실험을 할 수 없게 되어 외국의 사례에도 있었던 toothpick을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 차후의 연구에서는 다양하고 (풍속의 변이를 다양하게 주거나 임지내의 다양한 연료를 이용한 각 연료 특성에 따른 산불의 확산 형태 및 강도 분석, 연료의 수분함량 차이에 대한 분석 등) 대규모의 모형을 이용한 실험을 유도한다면 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과 보다 좀더 정밀한 산불의 확산 속도와 강도를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 실험실내의 산불의 확산속도와 강도의 분석은 산불확산 모델을 수립하기 위한 기본적인 자료를 구축하고 정밀한 예측자료에 의한 산불 발생시 진화방법의 개발 등에 대한 기본data로서의 역할을 충분히 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 제3의학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

${\ulcorner}Volume\;1{\lrcorner}$ of ${\ulcorner}$Medical Records as a Guide to Clinical Works${\lrcorner}$, written by Ye Tian Shi, showed some clinical cases of dizziness. In this study, his diagnosis and treatment was studied with 16 clinical cases of dizziness with pathogenic factor, pathogenesis and symptoms of dizziness. Ye Tian Shi thought that phlegm, fire, wind and insufficiency were the causes of dizziness and phlegm-fire, phlegm-fire-wind, wind-phlegm and insufficiencyfire-wind were the causes of dizziness, clinically. Dizziness is caused when the body is in condition of excess in the upper and deciency in the lower. The acompanying clinical symptoms of dizziness are endogenous wind, fire of deficiency type, phlegm wind and phelegm fire. For the treatment of dizziness, Ye Tian Shi used the combination of medicines with some modifications by the cases for phlegm, fire, wind and insufficiency. He also encouraged the mental therapy for the treatment of dizziness. He emphasized the early treatment of dizziness to prevent hemiplegia after apoplexy. It can be postulated from Volume 1 of ${\ulcorner}$Medical Records as a Guide to Clinical Works${\lrcorner}$, diagnosis and treatment of symptoms and illness of Ye Tian Shi was strictly based on actual clinical cases.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

본 논문은 초고층건물 화재 시 외기바람의 풍속, 풍향 조건이 기계배연시스템의 배연성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 차원해석을 통한 축소모델 설계와 CFD 수치해석을 이용하여 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 해석 결과, 축소모델의 외기풍속 5 m/s(실 외기풍속은 약 16 m/s), 풍향 ${\theta}=5^{\circ}$의 조건의 경우 배연풍속이 최대 약 17% 감소함을 보였으며, 외기풍향 각도 ${\theta}=25^{\circ}$ 이하의 조건에서는 기계배연시스템의 배출풍량을 크게 감소시켜 화재시 배연성능이 저하될 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.327-334
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• 1997

In many large urban-fire scenarios one of the critical issues is to attempt to protect the lives of fire fighters in helicopters deployed to flying over the fires and also the lives of people trapped in open areas downwind of the fires such as in parks. The strategies of such protection measures depend significantly on our knowledge of the size and extent of such fires as affected by the prevailing winds. In this study, the shape or profile of the fire plume typical of large urban fires, as affected by a steady unidirectional wind with or without imposing a shear flow on the fire plume, has been simulated numerically by a field model. The results show that the simulations provide realistic flame profiles and at least qualitatively, the same flame dynamics when compared to those from the experiments, and that the fire plumes are sensitive to small variations in the asymmetry of the wind shears, including the appearance of swirling flames within the fire plumes.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.935-943
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 풍력발전기 나셀 내부의 화재 조기감지 및 화재발생위치를 판단하는 방법을 제안한다. 화재감지 변수로는 온도와 공기 혼탁도 상승률을 이용하는데, 이것은 온도와 혼탁도의 절대 값과 상관이 없이 화재를 감지할 수 있기 때문에 비화재보를 최소화 할 수 있는 방법이다. 화재발생위치는 다수의 화재감지 센서들의 거리에 따른 화재감지 시간차를 이용하였다. 또한 다양한 실험을 통하여 개발된 방법의 성능을 테스트하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In this study, FDS fire simulation experiments and measured wind speed by applying the exterior installation portion for blocking the spread of the fire was investigated. As a result, aluminum composite panels installed in the lower and the upper part of the panel to remove all the lower side, and then the maximum wind speed 0.24 m/s and the upper side 0.58 m/s were measured. In the FDS, the measured wind speed difference air currents are approximately 3.7 times in 12 seconds, the occurrence of 17 seconds early moment wind 2.2 m/s was measured from. Before and after the fire occurred in early of the air velocity about 39 seconds was 3.5 times difference. Such air currents caused by the temperature of the building but also by the building height was found. Turbulent flame of fire by expanding the vertical extent of damage become greatly important factor. Therefore, through the exterior installation portion of the block that can delay the spread of fire is expected that this should be taken.