• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1996

The activities of the antioxidative enzymes in the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata have been compared depending on the cultivated environments - wildness, cultivate paddy fields and cultivate dry fields - and the parts of the root. In the Codonopsis lanceolata raised in cultivate paddy fields, the activity of SOD was higher in 2 yrs old than 1 yr old, but the activity in 1 yr old was higher than in 2 yrs old for the plants raised in the cultivate dry fields. The specific activity of SOD in wildness plants 86.069unit/mg protein was the highest among plants studied. The tissue distribution of the SOD activity showed differences depending on the enviroment. The highest activity of SOD was shown in the upper part of the root for the cultivate paddy fields, the loewr parts for the cultivate dry fields and middle parts for the wildness. The specific activity of POD was increased with ages of the plants, and that in the wildness was the highest 68 unit/mg protein among the plants studied. The activity of POD in the parts of the roots was shown as middle>lower>upper. The activity of POD in the middle part of the root, rasied in Soebick province was 85 unit/mg protein. The specific activity of CAT was decreased with ages of the plants. The activities of wildness and cultivate paddy fields was similar, but that in cultivate dry fields was lower than others. The tissue distribution in the parts of the roots was upper>lower>middle. The activity of CAT middle part of rasied in the Sebuck area was 5.359 unit/mg protein. The activities antioxidative in the cells cultured in MSID(Murashige and Skoog +2.4-D 1mg/$\iota$) was followings: 1564 for CAT. 30 for POD and 22200 unit/mg protein for SOD. These figures were lower than that in in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in resources of natural recreation forest(RNRF) developed both publicly and privately in order to answer the research question: what are the differences in RNRF development between public and private developers. After reviewing the literature, the developer´s decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, We constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed of 625 visitors at 9 of the 72 natural recreation forests in Korea in 1999, We have analyzed the data using the mean difference test and logistic regression method. We found that 1) the overall quality of resource elements in RNRF has been development excellent except for the sociocultural element of recreational resources, and public recreation forest have been of higher quality than that fo private development, 20 in bivariate analysis, all the variables on quality of RNRF by public developers have turned out to be better than those of private ones, 3) in multivariate analysis, such variable as valley and water, forest and wildness area, wild life, and landscape have been statistically significant at one percent level, 4) the higher the value of valley and water, the higher the probability of public development, while the higher the value of other variables excluding water and valley, the more likelihood the recreational forest is developed by a private developer, and 5) forest and wildness area has been turned out to be the most important independent variable in contributing to the value of dependent variable. The research results suggest that 1) the differences in the quality of resource elements in RNRF developed by public and private body be considered in the planning and design process in order to develop diverse activities to make use of the resource potential, and 2) considering the resource characteristics of private natural recreation forest and the motivation of private developers, private natural recreation forest will possibly be more dynamic and dynamic attractive areas. It is recommended that the difference in the degree of visitor´s satisfaction between public and private development be examined.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.133-160
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• 2018

The films of Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Tsai Ming Liang expose one of the main features of modern Asian cinema: corporality. In their films, the various emotions of characters are expressed and exchanged through the body, not the language, so their film world is a world in which language has lost its function and symbolic order has collapsed. In Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Tsai Ming Liang movies, body language plays a more important role than general language. t=The body performs semiosis, pointing to wildness, anti-civilization, rite, alienation, illusion, etc. At the root of this variety of semiosis is the common denial of Western material civilization which has been rapidly transplanted in modern Asian countries. In addition, while the body of the two directors' films are seen as a sign of wildness, or anti-civilization that contains the intention of escaping from the oppressive and inhuman modern civilization, the body as a sign of illusion, and embraces the will of resistance to civilization. The illusion of experience in their films is ultimately a manifestation of the will to resist the physical and emotional pressures of reality and to continue the irrational persistence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 2016

The Movie, A Werewolf Boy, describes metaphorically the hidden desire of female audience. The majority of stories about wolves contains fear of wolves inherited by and learned through human history struggling with the nature. They also shows punishment and reward toward wolves as a cultural symbol of evil. This study focuses on analyzing wolves as a metaphor of hidden original desire rather than as a subject of fear and punishment. Soon-Hee's experience with a wolf-boy in her period of puberty and her remembering the experience in her old age expresses her original sexual desire. The movie, A Werewolf boy does not directly deal with sexual content. However, SU-NI's growth through the interaction with the wolf-boy informs us Freudian theory of sex and the mechanism of sexual desire and its repression or realization. Brun Bettelheim's "Little Red Riding Hood" was used to analyze Soon-hee's desire during her puberty and Clarissa Estes's "Women Who Run with the Wolves" were used to explore SU-NI's wildness forgotten in her elderlyhood. This study shows in the process of wolf boy's transformation from biological being into social being awakened the hidden and original desire of woman.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.46-53
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• 2018

The background of this study was to consider regenerative environmental characteristics and develop foundations for conceptual grounds and applications in embodying sustainable garden designs demanded in our age. In doing so, this study aimed to have a conceptual understanding of Clement's garden theory influenced by Robinson's naturalistic distinction and compared it with Robinson's wild garden, and the results are as follows: First, for Clement, garden design included an ecological process to settle in the target site as aesthetics of space being formed by the movement of plants. In this sense, making a 'garden in motion' implies to design possibilities to adapt to nature based on trust in it and allow plant seeds not to be planned but to naturally go and find appropriate habitats. Second, the views to wildness can be separated into microscopic and macroscopic views and each has its own expressive characteristics. Robinson's gardens are small and subordinate and play mollification functions for existing spaces. On the contrary, Clement's gardens are the subject of the space, represent macroscopic strategies, and have top-down approaches embodied as infrastructure to play central roles in the ecology. Third, Robinson's and Clement's views to the operation of garden spaces acknowledge the inseparable relationship between nature's autonomy and gardens' wildness and deliver a value that the preservation of nature is a prerequisite to coexistence with the life we desire. Their gardens are analogized by interventions of environmental possibilism and ecological standpoints mediated by plants based on the perspective of environmental determinism.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2008

Acer tegmentosum Max which is one of the specialized wildness medicinal herbs in gangwon province, has been widely used for hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatic cancer, leukemia, diabetes mellitus, renal necrosis and edema, etc. In this study, the antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of in vitro and in vivo were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility as hepatoprotective agents. Oral administration of methanol and butanol extact of Acer tegmentosum Max to d-galactosamine (D-GaIN) induced experimental liver injured rats was significantly reduced activities of marker enzymes(AST, ALT) and LDH activity in serum. Salidroside(Sal) isolated from the BuOH extract of Acer termentosum Max potenty showed the scavenzing effect on DPPH and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. And significantly decrcease of MDA level in liver and activities of SOD GSH-Px and catalase were significantly improved by the treatment of Sal. Results of this study revealed that Sal could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of D-GaIN-induced hepatocellular injury.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Korea has made the rapid economical development under the condition with the high population density and low available land. In this context, conservation of land environment, connected directly with living quality of human, has mostly ignored. Prior Environment Review System(PERS) is the one to investigate the locational validity, environmental impacts, harmony with surrounding environment, from the early stage of administrative plan or development project. PERS was amended to include SEA(Strategic Environment Assessment) system on June 1, 2006. But, several problems, including the loss of administrative ability, cost, and time, have been appeared, since the system is applied to all administrative plans without any distinction and plans or projects are delayed generally. In this study, the weaknesses of PERS were indicated through the comprehensive analysis including literature survey, study of legal and internet database, and the recently published PERS reports. Based on that, the improvement schemes were suggested to be harmonized with the nature of SEA. This study was mainly focused on a PERS for the designation of conservational area of hot-spring wells, conducted by authors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to estimate the $PM_{2.5}$ source apportionment at the Pinnacles National Monument IMPROVE site in western coastal USA. The PMF was applied to identify the existing sources and apportion the $PM_{2.5}$ mass to each source. To analyze local source impacts from various wind directions, the NPR analysis was performed using source contribution results with the wind direction values measured at the site. Also, PSCF was applied to identify the locations by point sources relative to the back trajectories. A total of 1,634 samples were collected from March 1988 to May 2004 by IMPROVE sampler and 32 chemical species were analyzed by PIXE, PESA, XRF, IC, and TOR methods. The PMF modeling identified seven sources and the average mass was apportioned to gasoline vehicle, secondary sulfate, aged sea salt, secondary nitrate, wood/field burning, diesel emission, and soil, respectively. In this study, the average mass was apportioned to gasoline vehicle (33.0%), secondary sulfate (25.7%), aged sea salt (17.8%), and secondary nitrate (10.1%). Also, this study suggests the possible role for source apportionment study of $PM_{2.5}$ at similar areas such as wildness, national park, and coastal areas in Korea.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-101
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• 2003

Colored apiculus, awn, and long empty glume are indicators of wildness and are usually eliminated during rice domestication. Genetic analysis was conducted to clarify the inheritance patterns of awn, apiculus color, and long empty glume in Korean rice collection. Based on individual characterization of F$_2$ progenies derived from crosses between parents with colorless and purple apiculus, two (3 colored: 1 colorless) or three dominant genes (9 purple: 3 red: 4 colorless) are estimated as controlling this character by simultaneous complementary action. Different inheritance systems were detected between S237 and S245 of 'Shareibyeo' which belong to the weedy type. To determine the genes responsible in awning and long empty glume characters, the inheritance of landrace varieties of rice ('Naengdo' and 'Yuna') was investigated. In the crosses of awned land race and awnless cultivar, three dominant genes are supposed to control the awning genetic system by 63 awned: 1 awnless individual. As for long empty glume, one recessive gene, g-l on the chromosome 4, was the one controlling the segregation ratio of 3 normal empty: 1 long empty glume. By analyzing the Korean rice collection, the inheritance systems of these wild characters may lead to a better understanding of rice domestication in the future.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.349-362
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• 1998

Seascape means the scenery which is composed around the sea., Seascape has it's own characteristics compared with landscape and has many important roles in our urban life. Nowadays seascape is being destructed by the development in waterfront area and ocean space. Especially the various kind of buildings which are built in coastal area give great visual impact on seascape. But we have rare research on seascape and no guideline for seascape planning. Before any action against destroying seascape the assessment of seascape has to be preceded. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the representative seascapes which are selected from over 300 slides of various seascapes according to the types of seascapes. We used S.D (Semantic Differential) method with 35 adjective pairs in seven scale to evaluate each seascape. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Seascapes can be classified as natural type and urban type. The natural type can be divided into beach type and rock-island type. 2) Natural type of seascape is more prefered than urban type. 3)Beach type is the most prefered among seascape types. 4) Natural elements of seascape such as sky, water, sand, trees, forest, mountain, open space, waterfront line, are evaluated as 'good' to see but artificial elements, such as buildings, persons, roads, structures, are evaluated 'bad' to see. 5)As a result of factor analysis five factors(axes) are found out. They are 'wildness', 'vividness', 'preference', 'interest', and 'openness'. These factors can be used for evaluting any seascape.