• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.2 s.30
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• pp.155-165
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate on the sleeve form variation according to arm movements for elderly women. This study was experimented using the Plaster gypsum. The subjects who were elderly women were divided into three groups according to Rorher Index. Arm movements were five type ($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}$) to each the vertical motion in front and in side. The statistical analyses used in this study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficients, paired T-test, Kruskal-wallis one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1) Increasing the movements, the width of the sleeve increased and the height of the sleeve cap decreased but girth of the sleeve cap was not consistant. 2) When varied the rates of the three aspects of the sleeve, the height of the sleeve cap showed the largest variation rate. 3) There was a negative correlation between the height and the width of the sleeve. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the sleeve width and the sleeve girth. 4) There were the vertical motion differences between in front and in side on the three aspects of sleeve. 5) The sleeve width and the sleeve girth were different according to somatotypes but the height of the sleeve cap was not different. 6) According to the variation rates of the body surfaces in length of standard lines, the form of sleeve was changed more in the front than in the back. Maximum variation rate showed in the areas of $D_1-D_3,\;E_1-E_3$ in the horizontal lines and $A-E_2$ in vertical lines. 7) According to the comparative drawing of the heights of sleeve cap and sleeve girth, the sleeve basic pattern $S_1(A.H/4)$ was more suitable for the direction $0^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$. And the basic pattern S_6(A.H/5)$ was more suitable for the direction $90^{\circ}$, the pattern $S_7(A.H/6)$ suitable for the direction $135^{\circ}$, and the pattern $S_8(A.H/8)$ was more suitable for the direction $180^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.666-676
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• 2000

For the study of morphological variation of Q. variabilis natural population in Korea, 19 populations were selected through the country in considering latitude, longitude, and geographical characters. Thirty trees were randomly selected from each population and 60 mature leaves were sampled from each tree. Four characters (leaf blade length, maximum blade width, petiole length, and vein number) were measured, and their ratios (the ratio of blade length to maximum blade width, the ratio of blade length to petiole length, the ratio of petiole length to vein number, upper 1/3 blade width to maximum blade width, and upper 1/3 blade width to lower 1/3 blade width) were calculated. 1. Analysis of variance for all leaf characters were significantly different among populations and among individuals within population. Contributions of variance among individuals within population in all the characters were higher than those among populations. Therefore, selection of plus trees may be preferable to desirable populations for breeding program of Q. variabilis. 2. Among principal component analysis for leaf characters, primary 2 principal components appeared to be major variables for leaf form of Q. variabilis because of the loading contribution of 80.5%. The first contribution component was petiole length/vein number and petiole length ; the second one was upper 1/3 blade width/maximum blade width, upper blade width/lower 1/3 blade width and vein number, respectively. 3. Latitude was positively correlated with blade length/maximum blade width and blade length/petiole length, but negatively correlated with petiole length/vein number, upper 1/3 blade width/maximum blade width, upper 1/3 blade width/lower 1/3 blade width, petiole length, and vein number. But, for longitude and altitude the former two traits and the later five traits exhibited the negative and positive correlation, respectively. 4. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method for leaf characters showed two groups to Euclidean distance 1.6. They were group I of population 1. 4, 5, and 13 and group II of population 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. However, group II was divided again to Euclidean distance 1.3, that is a group including population 3, 7, 10, 14, 15, and 17(group II-1) and the other group comprising population 2, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, and 19(group II-2). This cluster could be mainly observed due to difference among population in aspect (group I : NE, group II-1 : SE, and group II-2 : SW).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The larval head capsule width, larval weight and length of mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope were measured when the larvae were exuviated in artificial diet rearing. The larval head capsule width from the 1st to the 12th instar was ranged from 0.12 to 0.69 cm, and growth ratio of each instar was significantly high between the 1st and the 2nd instars. The fitness to Dyar's law for the larval head capsule width was 87.6%. When the logarithum of the larval head capsule width is plotted against the number of instars, the calculated regression line was LogY=0.12086+0.06998X and Dyar's constant was 1.18. The larval weight was increased with larval developmental stages, and the coefficient of variation of larval weight was apparently high. But the calculated regression line was LogY=-0.91592+0.25959X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. The growth ration of the larval length was clearly high between the 2nd and the 3rd instars, and that of larvae from the 4th instar was decreased. The calculated regression line was LogY=-0.16932+0.09841X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. In conclusion, our results suggested that the larvae growth of mulberry longicorn beetle appeared to be highly related in the larval head capsule width, larval weight and length.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2016

The aim of the current study was to develop an advanced prediction model for the slab width spread during hot rough rolling. Rough rolling consists of both vertical rolling using a set of profiled edger rolls and horizontal rolling using a set of plain work rolls. FE-simulations were performed to investigate the influences of process variables such as initial slab width, initial thickness, sizing draft, edger roll draft and work roll draft on the final slab width variation. From a statistical analysis of the simulation results, an advanced model, which can predict the slab width spread during the edger rolling and horizontal rolling, was developed. The experimental hot rolling trials showed that the newly developed model provided fairly accurate predictions on the slab width spread during hot rough rolling process using a profiled edger rolls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2008

7 populations of rare endemic Berchemia berchemiaefolia were analysed using multivariate analysis for 9 characteristics of leaf morphology. The aim of this study was to examine geographic variation to support a genetic resource conservation plan of B. berchemiaefolia in Korea. In the morphological characters, nine characters of leaf were 10.25 cm (blade length), 4.10 cm (maximum width), 2.52 (blade length/maximum width), 3.22 cm (upper 1/3 width), 3.42 cm (lower 1/3 width), 0.95 (upper 1/3 width/lower 1/3 width), 1.24 cm (petiole length), 8.91 (blade length/petiole length), 8.16ea (vein number), respectively. Nested anova showed that were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in all 9 quantitative characters. In 7 of 9 characters, variance components among individuals within populations were higher than those among populations. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method showed two groups (Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk districts) to Euclidean distance 1.2. Among principal components, primary 3 principal components appeared to be major variables because of the loading contribution of 87.3%. The first contribution was blade length, blade length/maximum width and blade length/petiole length; the second one was maximum width, upper 1/3 width and lower 1/3 width; the third one was petiole length, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2374-2381
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to verify the effecting factors in evacuation behavior under the corridor and stair width variation in evacuation experiments at university education facilities. To achieve these purposes, the present conditions of university education facilities were analyzed, and the evacuation experiment settings were established under different width of corridor and stairs. After the experiments, we asked the effecting variables to the evacuation behaviors under the variation of corridor, stair width and density of evacuee. The results of this study are as follows ; First, we found 3 main factors which affecting the evacuation behaviors ; environmental factors on building conditions, psychological factors on evacuee's characteristics and personal factors on evacuee's physical conditions. Second, the environmental factors such as the location of stairs for evacuation, recognition of wayfinding in fire condition are mainly affects the evacuation behaviors, but evacuee behaviors have little relations with fire extinguishing facilities and personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1994

A Cold spot temperature control system for the batch annealing furnace has been estabilished in order to reduce energy consumption to improve productivity and stabilize the propertics of products. Therefore we confirmed a relation between annealing cycle time and atmospheric gas, variation of coil cold spot temperature with time during heating and actual temperature measurements at mid-width of each coil during heating and actual temperature measurements at mid-width of each coil during soaking. The results of the tempaeature variation effect on the batch annealing are as follows. 1) Heating time is reduced to one half with increasing atmospheric gas flow rate and changing of atmospheric gas component from HNx to Ax gas, and annealing cycle time is reduced to 2.7 times. 2) In case of short time healing, the slowest heating part is the center of B coil, in case of long time heating, the low temperature point moves from the center of coil to inside coil. And the temperature in this part is higher than other parts when cooling. When finished heating, the cold spot is located 1/3 of coil inside in case of HNx atmospheric gas. But center of coil in case of Ax atmospheric gas. 3) The outside of top coil is the highest temperature point when heating, which becomes the lowest temperature point when cooling. So, this point becomes high temperature zone at heating and low temperature zone at cooling, It has relation according to atmospheric gas component and flow rate. 4) Soaking time at batch annealing cycle determination is made a decision by the input coil width, and soaking time for quality homogenization of 1214mm width coil must be 2.5 hours longer than that of 914mm width coil for the same ciol weight. 5) Annealing cycle time with Ax atmospheric gas is extended 1 hour in of slow cooling during 5 hours in order to avoid rapid cooling.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.526-534
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• 2019

The average coastline and the erosion control line introduced as the management coastline, and the average shoreline (MSL) was established from the observed coastline. Also, the median grain size and the wave height of 30-years return period were applied. The erosion control line (ECL) was established through the model, HaeSaBeeN. These two lines set the coastline for evaluation. Based on the observed monitoring data along the coastline, the 1-day variation according to the normal distribution was used to estimate the regional variation, and the width of the erosion was calculated by applying the median grain size (D₅₀) and the wave height of 30-years return period through the high-wave coastal erosion width model, i.e., HaeSaBeeN.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

European maple is famous for the optimum solid wood for making bridge which is the most important part in violin acoustics. This study was carried out to investigate the variation of main features, i. e. annual ring width and cutting direction of costly imported violin bridge blanks and to examine the effect of these features of the blanks on the vibrational characteristics of bridge blanks. Imported violin bridge blanks had somewhat large variation in major macroscopical and physical properties and there was little relationship between annual ring density and weight of maple blanks. Resonant frequency of violin bridge blanks had some positive correlation with weight, however, damping having negative relationship with frequency was seldom affected by any physical properties of the maple blanks. Deviation from the radial cutting of tail side(ray direction from top toward feet on the edge of bridge blank) lowered the resonant frequency. Consequently, weight and ray direction should be taken for the critical quality decisive factors(QDF) of incoming bridge blanks by not only inspectors also luthiers who tune the bridge by shaping and are responsible for the final timbre quality of this complicate instrument.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 1987

Recently, in precision working, precision is in submicron. Therefore, when we measure various finished goods in superfine measurement, because it is relatively difficult to disregard effect of surroundings, these effect of surroundings must be compensated or canceled. In this study, for roundness measurement, three point method is researched which is able to cancel the effect of rotation accuracy of axis and eccenricity of workpiece. It is difference between this three point method and tradi- tional three point method whose measuring apparatus have three movable pickups posit- ioned with angle and between the pickups. As a results, when rotation accuracy of axis is varied from $0.02\mu\textrm{m}$ to $0.05\mu\textrm{m}$ the width of variation of measured roundness is $0.04\mu\textrm{m}$. And, when eccentricity of workpiece is varied from 0 to $4\mu\textrm{m}$, the width of variation of measured roundness is $0.005\mu\textrm{m}$. These error width are disregardable because they are in 10% of measured roundness. Therefore, by this three point method, the effect of rotation accuracy of axis and the effect of eccentricity of workpiece are canceled. And we are able to select the angle between the pickups ($\phi$ and $\tau$) by means of relation between $F_{k}$ and K.