• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 치위생과 학생 147명을 대상으로 체격에 따른 치열궁 크기의 관련성을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 연구를 위해 설문지 작성과 치열궁 장 폭경 계측을 위한 인상채득이 동시에 실시되었으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 1년 이내에 구강검진 경험이 있는 경우는 74.8%, 코로 숨을 쉬는 경우는 86.4%, 교정과 발치경험이 있는 경우는 각각 18.4%, 49.7%로 조사되었다. 정제된 음식은 94.6%가 좋아한다고 응답하였으며, 단단한 음식은 52.4%가 좋아한다고 응답하였다. 2. 치열궁 크기의 관련 요인에 따른 치열궁 장 폭경은 모든 변수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 못했다. 3. 체격에 따른 치열궁 장 폭경 중 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타낸 변수는 신장과 체중이었으며, 신장이 클수록 상악 치열궁 장경이 크게, 체중이 많이 나갈수록 하악 견치간 폭경과 상악 구치간 폭경도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. 체중이 많이 나갈수록 상, 하악 견치간 폭경과 상, 하악 구치간 폭경이 약한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 상하악 치열궁 장경과 견치간 폭경, 구치간 폭경에서는 상악 구치간폭경과 하악 구치간 폭경이 가장 높은 관련성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 체격요건 중 체중이 치열궁 형태에 영향을 주었다. 앞으로도 체격변화에 따른 치열궁의 변화를 지속적으로 조사함으로써 안정적인 교합과 구강건강을 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1994

Keratinized ginigva has clinical singificance in periodontal health because it plays important roles in resistance to mechanical trauma, to penetration of bacteria, and to tensional stress by muscle attachment. In order to investigate the width change of anterior keratinized gingvial during transitional period, the width of kerainized gingiva on anterior teeth was measured annually in elementary school children with deciduous dentition until the successive anterior teeth were completely erupted. The distance from the gingival margin on mid-portion of crown to mucogingival junction was measured by Boley gauge(Hu-Friedy, U.S.A.) and was recorded as the width of keratinized gingiva. The difference of the width of keratinized gingiva according to sex and dentition was analyzed statistically by Student t-test. Following results were obtained : 1. In deciduous dentition, it was shown that the width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central incisors($3.28{\pm}0.83mm$) was the widest(p<0.01), and that on maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular central and lateral incisors was $2.69{\pm}0.86mm$, $2.51{\pm}0.71mm$, $2.43{\pm}0.68mm$, respectively. 2. In mixed dentition, it was shown that the width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central incisors ($5.10{\pm}0.86$) was the widest(p<0.01), and that on maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular central and lateral incisors was $4.35{\pm}0.83mm$, $3.51{\pm}0.60mm$, $3.57{\pm}0.66mm$, respectively. 3. The width of anterior keratinized gingiva was significantly increased after the successive anterior teeth were completely erupted(p<0.001). The width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary central and lateral incisors, and mandibular central and lateral incisors was increased by $1.82{\pm}0.83mm$, $1.65{\pm}0.69mm$, $0.99{\pm}0.39mm$, and $1.14{\pm}0.98mm$, respectively. 4. There was no statistical significance in the difference of the width of anterior keratinized gingiva between male and female(p>0.05).

• 대기
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2007

The characteristics of flow around a single obstacle with fixed height and varied length and width are numerically investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. As the obstacle length increases, flow distortion near the upwind side of the obstacle increases and the size of the recirculation zone behind the obstacle also increases. As the obstacle width increases, the size of the recirculation zone decreases, despite almost invariable flow distortion near the upwind side of the obstacle. Flow passing through an obstacle is separated, one part going around the obstacle and the other crossing over the obstacle. The size of the recirculation zone is determined by the distance between the obstacle and the point (reattachment point) at which both the flows converge. When the obstacle width is relatively large, flows are reattached at the obstacle surface and their recoveries occur. Resultant shortening of the paths of flows crossing over and going around decreases the size of the recirculation zone. To support this, the extent of flow distortion defined based on the change in wind direction is analyzed. The result shows that flow distortion is largest near the ground surface and decreases with height. An increase in obstacle length increases the frontal area fraction of flow distortion around the obstacle. In the cases of increasing the width, the frontal area fraction near the upwind side of the obstacle does not change much, but near the downwind side, it becomes larger as the width increases. The frontal area fraction is in a better correlation with the size of the recirculation zone than the building aspect ratios, suggesting that the frontal area fraction is a good indicator for explaining the variation in the size of the recirculation zone with the building aspect ratios.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제98권2호
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2009

Nebkhas are widely distributed in farming-pastoral zones, typical grassland and desert margins. In the southeast of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, it is mainly distributed at the leeward of cultivated land and alluvial fan, severe deterioration rangeland and around residential points. Through the field measurement and statistical analysis of Caragana microphylla Lam. Nebkhas morphological parameters (length, width and height of Nebkhas are included), the results show that there were close correlations between the Nebkhas morphological parameters. The ranges of height and width of Nebkhas changed dramatically and have reached up to 11.44 m and 7.97 m respectively, however, the change range of height was relatively smaller and just 1.09 m. The morphological parameters change of the same type Nebkhas in the same region was large ranging from 0.56 m in height, 3.56 m in width to 6.96 m in length, while the morphological characteristics of the same type Nebkhas in different regions were much similar. A correlation between length and width was significantly positive, but the correlations between height and length, and between height and width were much more complicated. It can be concluded that the Nebkhas in Zhengxiangbai Banner and Taipusi Banner were at the initially growing stage, while the Nebkhas in Huade County belonged to a transitional stage from the growing phase to the stabilizing phase. The changing regularity of distance between Nebkhas in along-wind direction was not consistent.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2016

In order to apply sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) in extreme ultraviolet lithography, the maximum non-printing SRAF width and lithography process margin needs to be improved. Through simulation, we confirmed that the maximum SRAF width of 6% attenuated phase shift mask (PSM) is large compared to conventional binary intensity mask. The increase in SRAF width is due to dark region's reflectivity of PSM which consequently improves the process window. Furthermore, the critical dimension error caused by variation of SRAF width and center position is reduced by lower change in diffraction amplitude. Therefore, we speculate that the margin of SRAF application will be improved by using PSM.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2005

Direct writing technology on the silicon wafer surface is used to reduce the size of the chip as the miniature trend in electronic circuit. In order to improve the productivity and efficiency, the real time quality estimation is very important in each semiconductor process. In laser marking, marking quality is determined by readability which is dependant on the contrast of surface, the line width, and the melting depth. Many researchers have tried to find theoretical and numerical estimation models fur groove geometry. However, these models are limited to be applied to the real system. In this study, the estimation system for the line width during the laser marking was proposed by process monitoring method. The light intensity emitted by plasma which is produced when irradiating the laser to the silicon wafer was measured using the optical sensor. Because the laser marking is too fast to measure with external sensor, we build up the coaxial monitoring system. Analysis for the correlation between the acquired signals and the line width according to the change of laser power was carried out. Also, we developed the models enabling the estimation of line width of the laser marking through the statistical regression models and may see that their estimating performances were excellent.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is an interval palmar width according to change of muscle activation under push-up movement. Methods：Three, this study participation normal young adult (male 3, mean age ; 24yaers). The subject performed maximum contraction under push-up movement. EMG activaty patterns is measured with three different width. The EMG activity of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi were measured using surface electromyography. Results：EMG activation of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi following of push-up was shown significant difference(p<.05). Also, experiment value was agree with calculation value and width of shoulder position was minimum of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle activity. Conslusion：RMS values in case of fretum and wide width of the hands on Latissimus Dorsi are shown muscle activity $132{\mu}V$ and $173.5{\mu}V$, respectively. Especialy, RMS value in terms of wide width of the hands on muscles is shown very enhanced muscle activity. It is suggest that interval palmar width of the hands on pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi in push-up movement was effective to intensify of the muscle activity.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 침식성 파랑의 내습조건에 대해 인공리프의 길이(Lr), 개구폭(W), 개구부 수의 변화가 인공리프 주변 지형에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 하였다. 구조물 주변에서의 표사이동 양상은 이동상실험을 통하여 검토하였으며 인공리프의 설치조건과 발생 유속 및 파랑변형, 지형변동과의 관계에 대해 고찰하였다. 실험결과 인공리프의 설치로 인하여 배후 침식량은 감소하였으나 개구부내에서의 세굴은 복수의 개구부를 갖는 구조에 비하여 단일 개구부를 갖는 조건에서 증가되었으며, Lr/W의 변화와 깊은 연관성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.218-227
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was performed to analyze the trend of bodytype change of adult males. Subjects were 1290 Korean adult males and their age range was from 19 to 54 year, ; old. 75 variables(66 variables from the direct anthropometric data and 9 variables from the multiplication method) in total were applied to analyze. The principal component analysis was applied to the data with orthogonal rotation after extraction of major factors. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were analyzed for the trend of bodytype change by the age group respectively. The result of factor analysis indicated that the first factor was composed with about 30 items, girth, depth and width-measures in 4 age groups and was analysed as form factors. Especially, age-related change was caused by increase of waist girth, depth and width. The second factor was composed with about 23 items, length and height-measures in all age groups. Stature has a constant factor loading value in 4 groups. Front and back waist-height and the navel-height have the highest factor loading value. The third, fourth and fifth factors were composed with different variables among the age groups.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.320-326
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 출력 도파로의 한쪽 폭을 변화 시켜 다양한 광파워 분리비를 갖는 비대칭형 Y-분리기를 BK7 유리에 $Ag^+-Na^+$이온교환법을 이용하여 제작하였다. FD-BPM을 이용하여 한쪽 출력 도파로의 폭에 따라 다양한 출력 파위를 얻을 수 있는 비대칭형의 Y-분리기의 도파특성을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이온교환에 의해 형성된 채널형 도파로의 굴절률 분포를 결정하고 채널형 도파로를 제작하여 도파특성도 살펴보았다. 비대칭형 Y-분리기는 한 쪽 도파로의 폭을 $4{\mu}m$에서 $6{\mu}m$까지 변화시키면서 제작하고 특성을 파악하였다.