• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2012

Although several methods including composite resin restoration and microabrasion have been used for management of white spot lesion, tooth jewelry can be considered as another noninvasive option. This case report describes the management of white spot lesions by using tooth jewelry. This report also highlights the patients' preference for tooth jewelry as an esthetic concern.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

현 증례보고는 백색 병소의 치료에 있어 Icon (DMG)을 사용한 레진 침투법과 Opalustre (Ultradent Products, Inc.)를 사용한 미세연마술의 효과를 비교하였다. 현 연구의 결과는 비록 두 치료 방법 모두가 백색 병소를 완전히 제거하지는 못하였으나, 레진 침투법이 좀 더 효과적임을 보여주었다. 따라서 레진 침투법은 백색 병소의 치료에 우선적으로 선택될 수 있으며, 이 때 증례 선택에 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.328-330
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• 2000

A terget leaf spot of red and white clovers was observed during 1998-2000 growing seasons in several fields of Chungnam and Chungbuk provinces in Korea. Lesions were circular to oval in outline, brown to dark brown, ranging from a pinpoint to 3-4 mm in diameter, often concentrically zonate and presenting a target effect. A fungus associated with the disease was identified as Stemphylium sarciniforme based on the morphological characteristics of the conidiophores and conidia. The fungus was pathogenic on red and white clovers in the inoculation test. This is the first record of a terget leaf spot of red and white clovers in Korea.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of external tooth bleaching with flouridation on the appearance of white spot lesions (WSLs) in vitro. Methods: In total, 125 bracket-bonded bovine incisor enamel blocks with artificial WSLs were randomly divided into a control group and four treatment groups (home bleaching, home bleaching + fluoridation, in-office bleaching, and in-office bleaching + fluoridation). A spectroradiometer (SR) and digital images (DIs) were used to evaluate colorimetric parameters (Commission Internationale l'Eclairage $L^*a^*b^*$) for all specimens. Color measurements were obtained before WSL formation (T1), after WSL formation (T2), and after completion of the external tooth bleaching treatment (T3). Results: The SRbased color change after bleaching was significantly greater in the treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). SR-based lightness ($L^*$) and redgreen ($a^*$) values were significantly higher at T2 than at T1 (p < 0.001), with no significant changes in yellow-blue ($b^*$) values. At T3, SR-based $L^*$ values had increased while $a^*$ and $b^*$ values had decreased in the treatment groups (p < 0.001). The DI-based color difference between the sound enamel and WSL areas (DE*DI) increased significantly from T1 to T2 in all groups (p < 0.001) and significantly decreased from T2 to T3 in the treatment groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences in ${\Delta}E^*DI$ at T3 were shown between the four treatment groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that external tooth bleaching with fluoridation can alleviate the conspicuity of WSLs.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of fluoridated, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP)-containing, and functionalized ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (fTCP)-containing toothpastes on remineralization of white spot lesions (WSLs) by using Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF-D) Biluminator$^{TM}$ 2. Methods: Forty-eight premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons from 12 patients, with artificially induced WSLs were randomly and equally assigned to four treatment groups: fluoride (1,000 ppm), CPP-ACP, fTCP (with sodium fluoride), and control (deionized water) groups. Specimens were treated twice daily for 2 weeks and stored in saliva solution (1:1 mixture of artificial and human stimulated saliva) otherwise. QLF-D Biluminator$^{TM}$ 2 was used to measure changes in fluorescence, indicating alterations in the mineral contents of the WSLs, immediately before and after the 2 weeks of treatment. Results: Fluorescence greatly increased in the fTCP and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride and control groups, which did not show significant differences. Conclusions: fTCP- and CPP-ACP-containing toothpastes seem to be more effective in reducing WSLs than 1,000-ppm fluoride-containing toothpastes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify and analyze articles on enamel microabrasion for the treatment of white spot lesions. A search was conducted on the Web of Science. The following parameters were recorded and analyzed: number of citations, year, journal, impact factor, study design, theme, country and continent, institution, authors, and keywords. Data was analyzed using VOSviewer software. The initial search resulted in 1,126 documents, of which 94 articles were included. The highest number of citations an article received was 65. The oldest article was published in 1975, and the most recent in 2023. The most frequent study design was case report (n = 42). Regarding the themes, it was observed that the main objective of the studies was to evaluate the clinical performance of enamel microabrasion (n = 75), primarily using Opalustre (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) (n = 37) for treating white stains caused by dental fluorosis (n = 41). Most articles originated from Latin America (n = 31), mainly from Brazil (n = 26). The most frequent author was Sundfeld RH (n = 10). This study reveals research trends in the field of enamel microabrasion. The publications were mainly case reports/series using Opalustre for the removal of fluorosis stains.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.338-340
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• 2021

Morus alba, known as White Mulberry, is one of the most common species of mulberry found in South Korea, along with M. australis, known as Korean Mulberry. During a routine survey to investigate fungal diseases on deciduous broad-leaved trees in 2020, leaf spots were consistently observed on the White Mulberry in Sejong-si (36°30'12.8"N 127°17'34.5"E) and Wonju-si (37°15'29.6"N 128°11'37.9"E), South Korea, with a disease incidence of approximately 70 to 80%. Symptoms included circular, tan or necrotic lesions surrounded by a dark margin on leaves, which, in some cases, the lesions coalesced to form relatively large necrotic regions. The pathogen was successfully isolated from M. alba, and was identified as Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides based on the phylogenetic analysis and morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on M. alba caused by C. pseudocladosporioides in South Korea.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

Bacterial leaf spot by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria has been known to cause serious problem in red pepper in Korea. However recent survey showed that most smptoms in the leaves were mixed with two different symptoms one was leaf spot and the other was canker. bacteria isolated from canker were identified as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on the basis of biochemical and physiological characteristics. The causal bacteria were non-motile rod-shaped and Gram-positive. The lesions on pepper leaves appeared at first as small blisters or pimple-like white spots which enlarged in size at a later stage. The centers of some of the spots became necrotic and brown and were surrounded by a white halo. Pathogenicity tests were performed on pepper cv. Alchan seedling by spraying of bacterial suspension. During 1997 and 1998 total 17% of 527 fields surveyed were infected by C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. The canker of red pepper caused by C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was first identified in this study in Korea, and new name "gueyangbyung" was tentatively given to the disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1705-1710
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• 2024

Plastic waste has emerged as a major environmental concern in recent years. As plastic waste discharged into the marine environment, it undergoes a breakdown process, eventually accumulating in aquatic organisms in the form of microplastics (MPs). To date, reduced food intake, nutritional absorption, and impaired immune system are known adverse effects of MPs-exposed aquatic organisms. This study aims to investigate whether MP exposure accelerated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) via laboratory tests. Briefly, experimental shrimp were divided into four groups; WSSV (group 1); MP (group 2); WSSV + MP (group 3); and Control (group 4). No mortality was observed in group 2, group 4, and even in group 1. However, group 3 showed a cumulative mortality of 50% during the experimental period. The PCR assay results showed no WSSV in the other three groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), but the dead and alive shrimp collected from group 3 were confirmed to be infected with the virus. Histopathological examination revealed normal structures in the hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues of group 4, whereas numerous abnormally shaped nuclei were detected in the gill tissue of group 2. Moreover, group 1 showed minor WSSV-related lesions with few basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills, interestingly, group 3 exhibited severe lesions with numerous basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills. In conclusion, this study confirmed the correlation between the viral disease of shrimp and MPs, which can cause significant economic losses to the shrimp aquaculture industry.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2014

Objective: A low-viscosity resin (infiltrant) was used to inhibit the progression of white spot lesions (WSLs) and resolve associated esthetic issues. An alternative pretreatment was explored to increase the pore volume of the surface layer of the WSLs. Also, the penetration effects of the infiltrant were evaluated for various pretreatments. Methods: Sixty two artificial lesions were fabricated on bovine teeth. As a positive control, 15% HCl gel was applied for 120 seconds. Further, 37% $H_3PO_4$ gel was applied for 30 seconds using three methods. The samples were divided as follows: $H_3PO_4$ only group, $H_3PO_4$ sponge group, and $H_3PO_4$ brush group. The acid was gently rubbed with the applicators (i.e., a sponge or brush) throughout the application time. To compare the effects of resin infiltration, twenty paired halves of specimens were treated with an infiltrant (ICON$^{(R)}$). Results: Thicknesses of the removed surface layers and infiltrated areas were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. The positive control and the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group failed to show significant differences in the removed thickness (p > 0.05); however, the mean percentage of the infiltrated area was higher in the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group ($84.13{\pm}7.58%$%) than the positive control ($63.51{\pm}7.62%$, p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscope observations indicate higher pore volumes for the 37% $H_3PO_4$ brush group than for the positive control. Conclusions: Application of 37% $H_3PO_4$ with a brush for 30 seconds increased the pore volume of WSL surface layers and the percentage of infiltrated areas in comparison to the use of 15% HCl for 120 seconds.