Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Effects of Microplastic Exposure against White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

  • Hye Jin Jeon (Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Sangsu Seo (Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Chorong Lee (Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Bumkeun Kim (Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Patharapol Piamsomboon (Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University) ;
  • Ji Hyung Kim (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University) ;
  • Jee Eun Han (Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2024.02.01
  • Accepted : 2024.03.10
  • Published : 2024.08.28
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Abstract

Plastic waste has emerged as a major environmental concern in recent years. As plastic waste discharged into the marine environment, it undergoes a breakdown process, eventually accumulating in aquatic organisms in the form of microplastics (MPs). To date, reduced food intake, nutritional absorption, and impaired immune system are known adverse effects of MPs-exposed aquatic organisms. This study aims to investigate whether MP exposure accelerated white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) via laboratory tests. Briefly, experimental shrimp were divided into four groups; WSSV (group 1); MP (group 2); WSSV + MP (group 3); and Control (group 4). No mortality was observed in group 2, group 4, and even in group 1. However, group 3 showed a cumulative mortality of 50% during the experimental period. The PCR assay results showed no WSSV in the other three groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), but the dead and alive shrimp collected from group 3 were confirmed to be infected with the virus. Histopathological examination revealed normal structures in the hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues of group 4, whereas numerous abnormally shaped nuclei were detected in the gill tissue of group 2. Moreover, group 1 showed minor WSSV-related lesions with few basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills, interestingly, group 3 exhibited severe lesions with numerous basophilic inclusion bodies in the gills. In conclusion, this study confirmed the correlation between the viral disease of shrimp and MPs, which can cause significant economic losses to the shrimp aquaculture industry.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF2019R1C1C1006212 and NRF2022R1I1A3066435). The work was also supported by the Development of technology for biomaterialization of marine fisheries by-products of the Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (KIMST-20220128).

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