• 지질공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

부산 임기광산의 광산폐기물 적치사면을 대상으로 강우에 따른 사면의 침투해석과 안정해석을 연계하여 수행하였다. 광산폐기물 적치사면의 경사는 40-45°로써 비교적 급한 편이고, 암반층 상부의 광산폐기물은 약 7-8 m의 두께로 존재하며, 지하수위는 지표면으로부터 약 6.6 m 깊이에 위치하고 있다. 현장에서 채취한 시료를 대상으로 각종 실내시험을 수행하여 강우 시 침투거동 및 사면안정해석을 위한 입력자료를 선정하였다. SEEP/W를 이용하여 다양한 강우강도 조건에서 침투해석을 수행한 결과 강우지속시간이 길어짐에 따라 습윤전선은 하강함을 알 수 있다. 강우강도가 50 mm/hr 이상 이고 강우지속시간이 24시간 이상인 경우 침윤전선은 사면의 하단부에서 지하수위와 만나게 되므로 토층 전체가 포화됨을 알 수 있다. 침투해석결과를 연동하여 SLOPE/W를 이용하여 사면안정해석을 수행한 결과 강우침투로 인한 침윤전선이 하강함에 따라 사면안전율은 낮아짐을 알 수 있다. 강우가 5-6시간 지속적으로 발생된 이후 사면안전율은 급격하게 낮아지며, 이후 사면안전율이 미소하게 회복되다가 수렴한다. 사면안전율이 급격하게 낮아지는 이유는 강우로 인한 임계 활동면과 침윤전선의 깊이가 유사하여 해당깊이까지 간극수압이 증가되고 모관흡수력이 감소되었기 때문이다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 새만금지역의 방수제 제방단면을 대상으로 강우지속시간에 따른 침투깊이와 지하수위 변화를 예측하고 이를 토대로 사면안정해석을 수행하였다. 준설토로 구성된 제방의 불포화 지반정수를 산정하기 위하여 실험으로 구한 흡입응력과 직접전단시험으로 구한 점착력 및 내부마찰각을 이용하였다. 강우에 따른 침투깊이와 지하수위 변화를 예측한 결과 강우초기와 지속시간 1시간 경과 후 제방 상부에 강우의 침투로 인하여 습윤전선이 하강하며, 이후 강우 지속시간이 길어짐에 따라 지하수위는 지속적으로 상승하였다. 강우 발생이후 에는 지하수위가 일정한 깊이로 분포되고 있으며, 시간이 경과할수록 지하수위는 점차 하강하였다. 강우에 따른 침투깊이와 지하수위 변화를 고려하여 사면안정해석을 수행한 결과 강우로 인한 침투가 발생됨에 따라 사면안전율은 급격히 감소하며, 강우지속시간이 24시간일 때 사면안전율이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 강우 발생이후에는 지반내 모관흡수력이 회복됨에 따라 사면안전율이 증가함을 알 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.739-756
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• 2016

The shear strength reduction finite element method (SSRFEM) is a powerful tool for slope stability analysis. The factor of safety (FOS) of the slope can be easily calculated only through reducing effective cohesion (c′) and tangent of effective friction angle ($tan{\varphi}^{\prime}$) in equal proportion. However, this method may not be applicable to soil slope under wetting-drying cycles (WDCs), because the influence of WDCs on c′ and $tan{\varphi}^{\prime}$ may be different. To research the method of estimating FOS of soil slopes under WDCs, this paper presents an experimental study firstly to investigate the effects of WDCs on the parameters of shear strength and stiffness. Twelve silty clay samples were subjected to different number of WDCs and then tested with triaxial test equipment. The test results show that WDCs have a degradation effect on shear strength (${\sigma}_1-{\sigma}_3)_f$, secant modulus of elasticity ($E_s$) and c′ while little influence on ${\varphi}^{\prime}$. Hence, conventional SSRFEM which reduces c′ and $tan{\varphi}^{\prime}$ in equal proportion cannot be adopted to compute the FOS of slope under conditions of WDCs. The SSRFEM should be modified. In detail, c′ is merely reduced among shear strength parameters, and elasticity modulus is reduced correspondingly. Besides, a new approach based on sudden substantial changes in the displacement of marked nodes is proposed to identify the slope failure in SSRFEM. Finally, the modified SSRFEM is applied to compute the FOS of a slope example.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2024

To get a better understanding of the effect of drying-wetting cycles (DWC) on the mechanical behaviors of silty clay hiving different initial moisture content (IMC), the direct shear tests were performed on sliding band soil taken from a reservoirinduced landslide at the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The results indicated that, as the increasing number of DWC, the shear stress-displacement curves type changed from strain-hardening to strain-softening, and both the soil peak strengths and strength parameters reduced first and then nearly remain unchanged after a certain number of DWC. The effects of DWC on the cohesion were predominated that on the internal friction angle. The IMC of 17% is regarding as the critical moisture content, and the evolution laws of both peak shear strength and strength parameters presented a reversed 'U' type with the rising of the IMC. Based on it, a strength deterioration evolution model incorporating the influence of IMC and DWC was developed to describe the total degradation degree and degradation rate of strength parameters, and the degradation of strength parameters caused by DWC could be counterbalanced to some extent as the soil IMC close to critical moisture content. The microscopic mechanism for the soil strength caused by the IMC and DWC were discussed separately. The research results are of great significance for further understanding the water-weakening mechanicals of the silty clay subjected to the water absorption/desorption.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제8권3B호
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• pp.262-268
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• 1999

Polycarbonate (PC) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surface was modified by ion assisted reaction (IAR) technique to obtain the hydrophilic functional groups and improve the wettability. In conditions of ion assisted reaction, ion beam energy was changed from 500 to 1500eV, and ion dose and oxygen gas blown rate were fixed $1\times10^{16}$ ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 4ml/min, respectively. Wetting angle of water on PC and PMMA surface modified by $Ar^+$ ion without blowing oxygen at 4ml/mon showed $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$. Changes of wetting angle with oxygen gas and $Ar^+$ ion irradiation were explained by considering formation of hydrophilic group due to a reaction between irradiated polymer chain by energetic ion irradiation and blown oxygen gas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that hydrophilic groups such as -C-O, -(C=O)- and -(C=O)-O- are formed on the surface of polymer by chemical interaction. The polymer surface modification using ion assisted reaction only changed the surface physical properties and sept the bulk properties. In comparison with other modification methods, the surface modification by IAR treatment was chemically stable and enhanced the adhesion between metal and polymer surface. The applications of various kinds of polymer surface modification methods, metal and polymer surface. The applications of various kinds of polymer surface modification could be appled to the new materials about hydrophilic surface properties by IAR treatment. The adhesion between metal film and polymer measured by Scotch tape test whether the hydrophilic surfaces could improve the adhesion strength or not.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 항공기 방빙을 위해서 탄소계 소수성 입자인 탄소나노튜브의 코팅 횟수에 따른 테프론-폴리우레탄 탑코트의 나노입자 부착력과 표면 소수성 특성을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 진행하였다. 나노입자 부착력을 측정하기 위해서 인발접착시험을 진행하였고, 표면소수성 특성을 측정하기 위해서 정적접촉각 시험과 거칠기 평가를 진행하였다. 거칠기평가를 통하여 탄소나노튜브가 테프론-폴리우레탄 탑코트에 함침된 정도를 할 수 있었고, USB-현미경을 통하여 테프론-폴리우레탄 탑코트에 탄소나노튜브가 함침 및 분산정도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 코팅횟수가 많을수록 탄소나노튜브가 응집되고 이에 의하여 접착력이 감소한다는 것을 확인하였다. 실험결과 코팅 횟수에 따라 테프론-폴리우레탄의 소수성은 커지고 접착력은 감소하였다. 그로 인해 테프론-폴리우레탄 탑코트 와의 접착력 향상과 최적화된 소수성을 가지는 탄소나노튜브의 코팅횟수를 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2013

Swelling and subsequent deformation of membranes by water wetting are regarded as a prime drawback of hydrophilic polyurethane breathable film. Fluoroalkylated surface was prepared by reacting the film with hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) and 2-perfluorohexyl ethanol. IR spectra and XPS results showed that the fluoroalkyl group was successfully introduced to the film surface with hexamethylene linkage. Water contact angle was increased from $68.7^{\circ}$ up to $144.2^{\circ}$ with the degree of fluoroalkylation. Decrease in water-vapor permeability was minimized even for the film of highest fluoroalkylation.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2017

This study presents a simple method to control the seed orientation which leads to the various growth characteristics of a single grain REBCO (RE: rare-earth elements) bulk superconductors. Seed orientation was varied systematically from c-axis to a-axis with every 30 degree rotation around b-axis. Orientations of a REBCO single grain was successfully controlled by placing the seed with various angles on the prismatic indent prepared on the surface of REBCO powder compacts. Growth pattern was changed from cubic to rectangular when the seed orientation normal to compact surface was varied from c-axis to a-axis. Macroscopic shape change has been explained by the variation of the wetting angle of un-reacted melt depending on the interface energy between $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y123) grain and melt. Higher magnetic levitation force was obtained for the specimen prepared using tilted seed with an angle of 30 degree rotation around b-axis.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

Because of their low surface free energy and absence of polar groups at the surface, polyolefins are substrates whose wetting and adhesion are very difficult. Free radical grafting of monomers to backbone polymer is one of the most attractive ways for the chemical modification of polymers. Synthesis of graft copolymer through graft polymerizations of PE and/or PP with phthalic anhydride (PhAn) was made and FTIR spectra of the graft polymer were the examined. And also the effects of phthalic anhydride content on the grafting ratio, thermal properties and contact angle of the graft polymer were examined.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1229-1232
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• 2008

The surface structure, electrochemical behavior, and wetting property of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by dioctyl diselenide (DODSe) on Au(111) were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and contact angle measurements. In contrast to the formation of well-ordered SAMs by octanethiol on Au(111), the SAMs formed by DODSe have a disordered phase and many unusual vacancy islands (VIs). In addition, the formation of DODSe SAMs is largely influenced by the solution concentration used. DODSe SAMs formed in 5 $\mu$ M and 50 $\mu$ M solutions have two mixed domains consisting of missing-row ordered phases and disordered phases, while DODSe SAMs formed in 1 mM and 5 mM solutions have only disordered phases with an abnormally high VI fraction of 22-24%. We also found that the wetting property and electrochemical behavior of DODSe SAMs on Au(111) are markedly influenced by the formation of ordered SAMs and the density of VIs.