• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.353-364
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• 2022

The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of increasing the slaughter weight (SW) of non-lean finishing pigs to improve their meat quality. A total of 36 (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc gilts and barrows were slaughtered at 115 (Av), 125 (Hi), or 135 (XHi) kg, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on their longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles. Backfat thickness was greater (p < 0.05) for the XHi (31.2 mm) and Hi (29.3 mm) groups than for Av (25.0 mm). Dressing percentage and yield of the belly per whole carcass were also slightly greater for XHi and Hi vs. Av. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of SM was greater for XHi (2.64%) than for Av (1.83%) and Hi (2.04%) and also was correlated with SW (r = 0.55). The pH value, lightness, redness, drip loss, shear force, and moisture and protein contents of LD and SM, as well as IMF content of LD, were unaffected by SW. Percentages of 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acids (FA) were less for Hi and XHi vs. Av in SM, those of total unsaturated FA, 18:2, 20:4, and n-6 being opposite; FA composition of LM was not influenced by SW except for a reduced 18:0 percentage for XHi vs. Av. The sensory score was less for XHi vs. Av for odor in fresh LD and SM, and less for Hi and XHi vs. Av for aroma in fresh LM; scores for color, drip loss, marbling, and acceptability were unaffected by SW. As for cooked muscles, none of the scores for color, aroma, flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability was affected by SW, except for a greater LD color score for Hi and XHi vs. Av. Collectively, the results suggested that the increased yield of the carcass and belly due to increased SW is outbalanced negatively by excessive backfat deposition in production efficiency, whereas the SW increase exerts little influence on overall sensory quality of fresh or cooked meat. Production of non-lean market pigs overweighing 115 kg therefore will be uneconomical unless consumers pay a substantial premium for the over-fattened pork.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.933-942
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• 1997

There has recently been an increased interest in women's health from, various disciplines, with different perspectives presented according to each profession's academic background. This has led to many instances of incorrectly defining, or misinterpretation, of the issues even among professionals. Nurse scholars as well as practitioners who work in women's health care need to have a clear conceptual understanding of women's health in order to build a body of knowledge, delineate curricular activities, and set directions for professional nursing interventions. In addition, a conceptual model that may be directly utilized in practice is needed to maintain and promote women's health issues. The purpose of this study was to apply a Hybrid model, analyzing conceptual definitions and discussions related to women's health gathered from review of the literature. Further to compare analyticals the concepts and properties observed from field work, so as to present a final definition of women's health and, build a conceptual framework for a united comprehensive perspective on the concept as well as on nursing practice. Data collection and analysis consisted of a theoretical stage, field work stage, and final analysis. A heterogeneous group of professionals and lay persons, 39 in all, participated in the field work. Study findings Include several subconcepts under the concept of women's health : a woman's whole life, holistic health, quality of life, awareness of being a woman, individual nursing, self care ability, reproductive health, and family health. Thus, a comprehensive definition was built, 1. e., "Women's health care be defined as improvement in the quality of life of women through attainment of holistic health throughout the life span. With reproductive health at the core, the concept is directly related to family and national health, and includes taking care of one's own health based on awareness of being a woman and utilizing self care activities. Women's health care issues are unique and allow various responses, therefore women's health professionals need to apply individual approaches to reach solutions in attaining holistic health and improving quality of life." The constructual factors of women's health were found to be reproductive functions, diseases more common in woman, self actualization, mental health, women's health policies, sexuality, midlife changes, and marital relations, with each factor having more than three properties. Positive factors affecting women's health were found to be a normal childbearing process, a healthy lifestyle, active health management, health information, support, and resources, and interpersonal relationships. Negative factors were found to be overwhelming role stress, cultural oppression, gender inequality, distorted sexual identity, economic difficulties, misuse and/or abuse of substances, and stress. The model of women's health may be visualized as a balance scale set upon a woman's life, supporting 4 concentric circles. The innermost circle and second circle incorporate conceptual definitions of women's health, and the outer two circles represent the constructional factors and properties of women's health. Each circle has its own color that symbolizes the conceptual meaning. Positive and negative factors are represented as weights at either end of the scale, and are affected by nursing intervention, i. e., health and wellness increase when positive factors are stronger, whereas disease and illness increase when negative factors are stronger. This model is only a preliminary effort and requires much discussion and testing to be further developed. Continuous research is also required.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 2004

This research was carried out to offer the basic informations about new varietal breeding for specific use and physiological characteristics through investigation of detection, content variation and color difference of anthocyanin individual pigments within seed coats in domestic black soybean. The seed of thirteen cultivars such as Geomjeongkong 1, Geomjeongkong 2, Seonheugkong, Tawonkong, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Geomjeongolkong, Cheongjakong, Jinju 1, Heugcheongkong, Juinunikong-Y, Juinunikong-G, Geomjeongkong 3, Geomjeongkong 4 was tested. C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) was detected in only Geomjeongkong 1 and Seonheugkong but D3G (delphinidin-3-glucoside) and C3G were found in Heugcheongkong. The rest cultivars that there were three anthocyanins such as D3G, C3G, and Pt3G (petunidin-3-glucoside). Anthocyanin content of tested cultivars showed a high variation. The ranges of D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA (total anthocyanin) contents were $0.55\~2.63mg/g,\;2.77\~8.38mg/g,\;0.38\~5.65mg/g,\;and\;3.32\~16.92mg/g$, respectively. These contents showed variation among cultivars as well as variation between two years, 2001-2002. As a result of variation of anthocyanin color difference, the ranges of L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) as Hunter's value were $34.09\~42.89,\;12.77\!22.85,\;and\;5.36\~12.10$, respectively, and these color differences showed variation among cultivars and also variation between two years, 2001-2002. D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA showed reciprocally a positive correlation being representive of high significance.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.38-39
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• 2001

The seasonal changes in pH, Fe, Al and SO$_4$$\^$2-/ contents of acid drainage released from coal mine dumps play a major role in precipitation of metal hydroxides in the Taebaek coal field area, southeastern Korea. Precipitates in the creeks underwent a cycle of the color change showing white, reddish brown and brownish yellow, which depends on geochemical factors of the creek waters. White precipitates consist of Al-sulfate (basaluminite and hydrobasaluminite) and reddish brown ones are composed of ferrihydrite and brownish yellow ones are of schwertmannite. Goethite coprecipitates with ferrihydrite and schwertmannite. Ferrihydrite formed at higher values than pH 5.3 and schwertmannite precipitated below pH 4.3, and goethite formed at the intermediate pH range between the two minerals. With the pH being increased from acid to intermediate regions, Fe is present both as schwertmannite and goethite. From the present observation, the most favorable pH that basauluminte can precipitate is in the range of pH 4.45-5.95. SEM examination of precipitates at stream bottom shows that they basically consist of agglomerates of spheroid and rod-shape bacteria. Bacteria species are remarkably different among bottom precipitates and, to a less extent, there are slightly different chemical compositions even within the same bacteria. The speciation and calculation of the mineral saturation index were made using MINTEQA2. In waters associated with yellowish brown precipitates mainly composed of schwertmannite, So$_4$ species is mostly free So$_4$$\^$2-/ ion with less AlSo$_4$$\^$+/, CaSo$\sub$(aq)/, and MgSo$\sub$4(aq)/. Ferrous iron is present mostly as free Fe$\^$2+/, and FeSo$\sub$4(aq)/ and ferric iron exists predominantly as Fe(OH)$_2$$\^$+/, with less FeSo$\sub$4(aq)/, Fe(OH)$_2$$\^$-/, FeSo$_4$$\^$-/ and Fe$\^$3+/, respectively Al exists as free Al$\^$3+/, AlOH$_2$$\^$-/, (AlSo$_4$)$\^$+/, and Al(So$_4$)$\^$2-/. Fe is generally saturated with respect to hematite, magnetite, and goethite, with nearly saturation with lepidocrocite. Aluminum and sulfate are supersaturated with respect to predominant alunite and less jubanite, and they approach a saturation state with respect to diaspore, gibbsite, boehmite and gypsum. In the case of waters associated with whitish precipitates mainly composed of basaluminite, Al is present as predominant Al$\^$3+/ and Al(SO$_4$)$\^$+/, with less Al(OH)$\^$2+/, Al(OH)$_2$$\^$+/ and Al(SO$_4$)$\^$2-/. According to calculation for the mineral saturation, aluminum and sulfate are greatly supersaturated with respect to basaluminite and alunite. Diaspore is flirty well supersaturated while jubanite, gibbsite, and boehmite are already supersaturated, and gypsum approaches its saturation state. The observation that the only mineral phase we can easily detect in the whitish precipitate is basaluminite suggests that growth rate of alunite is much slower than that of basaluminite. Neutralization of acid mine drainage due to the dilution caused by the dilution effect due to mixing of unpolluted waters prevails over the buffering effect by the dissolution of carbonate or aluminosilicates. The main factors to affect color change are variations in aqueous geochemistry, which are controlled by dilution effect due to rainfall, water mixng from adjacent creeks, and the extent to which water-rock interaction takes place with seasons. pH, Fe, Al and SO$_4$ contents of the creek water are the most important factors leading to color changes in the precipitates. A geochemical cycle showing color variations in the precipitates provides the potential control on acid mine drainage and can be applied as a reclamation tool in a temperate region with four seasons.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

A pressure measurement system was developed to verify magnitude and position of transferred pressure on the body surface during the intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) which is one of the most well-known methods for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Eighty force sensing resistors (FSR) were arranged on a mannequin leg and a hardware controller sensed, digitized, and transferred pressure data every second while IPC was being applied. Finally, sensed pressure data were color coded and visualized on the 3D model with lab-developed software. The pressure data were also saved to files for further analysis. Using this measurement system, the changing pattern of pressure was measured on the mannequin leg by changing both chamber pressure and cuff tightness. As a result, net pressure transferred onto the body surface is dependent on chamber pressure and cuff tightness. Under the same chamber pressure, the tighter a cuff was worn, the wider compressed area was and the shorter compression cycle was. Also transferred pressure was proportional to both chamber pressure and cuff tightness.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate that to see how their traditional characteristics were reflected and expressed in Hanoi vietnamese contemporary public restaurants. For this, We visited Hanoi twice to have onsite research in August 2012 and 2013. According to the results of surveying Vietnamese public restaurants, all of the 12 cases had humane characteristics reflecting Vietnam traditional culture, showing Vietnamese unique traditional characteristics including intangible elements such as natural environment, life culture elements such as food culture, and formative aesthetic elements using indigenous ornaments. Different from luxury restaurants that had trade names on the theme of historical stories related to people or places and expressed various concepts formatively using photographs of Vietnamese politics and history and ornamental elements such as tableware, however, the public restaurants were simple in theme or concept. It is probably because most of the surveyed cases were situated in the old quarter to the north of the Hoan Kiem Lake and in the area to the west of the lake and their target customers were local people, so they reflected the Vietnamese traditional residence style and common people's life rather than designing the restaurants intentionally with specific concepts. As to the spatial expression characteristics of the surveyed cases, casual restaurants in Hanoi expressed only basic structure using basic construction materials and techniques with outdoor spaces in the form of Vietnam traditional tube house, and therefore, the overall atmosphere was contemporary. In indoor spaces as well, the general level was low, using uncharacteristic common design and color and cheap finishing materials and furniture. 83% of all cases showed the pattern of VM-VM-VT, being mainly contemporary by partially adopting Vietnamese unique ornamental elements for their outdoor and indoor spaces and using traditional elements supplementarily.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2014

This is a theoretical and empirical study on Kasaya, the Buddhist monk's robe, which is one of the traditional Korean costumes that has kept it original form, as well as it being the most symbolic ritual costume in Buddhism. The purpose of the study is to see the different types of Kasaya, and the transitions it has gone through since Mid Joseon Dynasty. The analysis was performed after categorizing Kasaya in the following manner: layers, the way to wear, symbolism in construction, sewing, etc. Having a variety of Ilwolguangcheop(日月光貼) is a feature of Korean Red Kasaya. In the beginning, Its shape was very similar to shape of Hyungbae(胸背), and this was a royal gift and had the same meaning as an official uniform for a Buddhist monk. So designs of the Cheop(貼) could have been transformed from those of Hyungbae with a Buddhist twist. The conclusion of the study is as follows: Double layered Kasaya shows its transition from double layer to single layer. The fastening ornaments have been simplified in all materials from Yeongja(纓子). The latch type and three-paired Yeongja type transformed into hook type and one-paired Yeongja type. Color is the most common feature above all, and it is mainly in red. The form of Korean Kasaya has a significant relation with development of Buddhism. The integration of the Zen sect would have influenced the integration of Kasaya, which shows diversity throughout the period.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.798-804
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• 2013

Chlorella is an attractive potential food source because it is high in protein and other essential nutrients; when dried, it is about 45% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrate, 5% fibre, and 10% minerals and vitamins. It has been widely used as a well-being food. We investigated the quality characteristics of cookies prepared after addition of various concentrations of chlorella powder (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, all w/w) as a substitute for flour. In this study, as chlorella powder concentration rose, decreases in the moisture content, pH, L, a and b value became evident. The spread factor and hardness of the cookies slightly increased after the addition of chlorella powder. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of color, flavor, and texture were statistically very similar, but taste and overall acceptability scores were lower than those of the control. The result of this study showed that the quality of the cookies with the addition of 1% chlorella powder was the best in terms of its taste, flavor, texture, and sensory properties.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

The taxonomic review of the family Trachipteridae was carried out based on the Trachipterus ishikawae (7 specimens), Zu cristatus (4 specimens), Desmodema polystictum (2 specimens) collected from the East Sea, South Sea and adjacent waters of Jeju Island of Korea from June 2006 to August 2008. Among them, D. polystictum was revealed as an unrecorded species from Korea, being characterized by the following characters: the ventral edge smooth; body color silvery white with a lot of large dark rounded spot. We proposed the new Korean name of the genus Desmodema as "Jeom-tu-ra-chi-sog", D. polystictum as "Jeom-tu-ra-chi". Z. cristatus has a elongated first six dorsal fin and pelvic fin rays. T. ishikawae has a row of sharp tubercles along the ventral edge, and straightly elongated body form. In meristic characters, the number of dorsal fin rays were 178~195 in T. ishikawae, 137~148 in Z. cristatus and 125~130 in D. polystictum, the number of vertebrae were well distinguished among three species; T. ishikawae (80~83), D. polystictum (72~74) and Z. cristatus (65~68).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.103-116
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• 2010

Recently, the art of the Latin America Culture is being actively introduced into our country. Many concepts in the fashion field contain Latin American culture and their influence is growing. This present study, based on a correct understanding of and research on Latin American culture, is an attempt to expand the expression of fashion design and explore the use of works of art in fashion. The case study is on Frida Kahlo (1907~1954), who was a Mexican woman painter who gives us some inspiration in contemporary fashion design. The scope of this case study investigates the Haute couture and the Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter women's wear collections and photos from 1998 to 2009 which were greatly influenced by Frida Kahlo and analyzes through the formative elements of dress, color, form, pattern and material. Frida Kahlo was a painter whose composition of surrealism held the world of life and death, pain and pleasure, love and parting, thought and freedom, and tradition and modern, etc. As a design inspiration, her influence reaches into accessories, and hairstyles, as well as the Pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter. This current study for the correct understanding of the new culture and the introduction of art into the fashion design might be helpful in making fashion a work of art and in extending the expression of the fashion design concept which is based on commercial art.