• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.223-272
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• 2009

Both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have strong aspirations for establishing a world comprised of human-beings. In other words, Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy put human-beings in the place of 'subject character(主語的 人格)' instead of 'predicate character(述語的 人格).' This is because a human is the master rather than a guest of the universe and the world. In this regard, it is safe to say that both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have a common goal of reaching 'an infinitely open life managed by a human-being, the master.' Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy also share the idea that everything in the universe is an organistic world that is closely connected, like a network. In this aspect, the two philosophies consider the whole world rather than the individual, and seek ways for people to live together actively while expanding the scope of community to the world. Even if 'the morality of living together (相生)' and 'the realization of mercy(同體大悲)' are completely different languages on the surface, it is not difficult to understand the homogeneity inherent in such expressions. Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy show endless reliability towards all humans and are declarative and reasonable, but both herald human beings as eligible to become the main characters of the future world and lead to the birth of independent human beings while inducing them to the highest position in the universe by liberating humans from the limitations they find. 'Heaven on Earth' as stated in Daesoon philosophy refers to an ideal society where humans and God harmonize, and God and humans complement each other. Also, the world will achieve political stability and equality, realizing an economically prosperous world. Furthermore, social justice will be realized and cultural and religious conflicts resolved. As humans acknowledge there is a way to live together in a universal nature, the environmental issue no longer becomes the top priority for human beings and a world where the morals of human beings reach the highest level will be established. From the original Buddhist perspective, King Jeonrhyun, the proxy of Buddha, realizes the ideal of Buddhism in the mundane world. The world controlled by King Jeonrhyun can be described as having liberty, equality, peace, justice, prosperity, morality, order, legality, democracy, welfare, etc. Therefore, the ideal Buddhist world is materially prosperous, physically healthy and socially just, as well as a world where moral maturity and mental freedom are achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.33-45
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• 2023

The importance of play from a Children's Rights perspective has been continuously emphasized, and the need for play facilities and spaces has been reiterated. Meanwhile, in South Korea, despite the continuous increase in the number of play facilities, efforts to improve children's play spaces are required. Therefore, this study reevaluated the current regulations and policies concerning play and play spaces from the perspective of securing the right to play. An analysis of the legal concept of domestic playgrounds, related laws, construction standards, and regulations was conducted. The systems and characteristics of the related regulations in the UK, Canada, and Germany were analyzed. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, our directions for improving the system of playgrounds to ensure the children's right to play were proposed. First, a legal definition of the concept and scope of playgrounds should be established. Second, beyond safety-focused facility regulations, there is a need for institutional enhancements to ensure the right to play. Third, comprehensive management of playgrounds is required as a spatial concept rather than as individual facilities. Fourth, qualitative management is needed through specific guidelines and guidelines related to the establishment of playgrounds. These results can serve as a basis for establishing systems and promoting policy projects to ensure children's right to play in various fields, including urban planning, child welfare, and education in the future.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the core values of Donghwa Pharmaceutical, which has been in the pharmaceutical industry in South Korea for 126 years, and examine the core competencies that have consistently enabled it to maintain a competitive advantage. When applying the VRIO Framework, various general pharmaceuticals, including Donghwa Pharmaceutical's 'Hwalmyeongsoo,' which has maintained the top position in the liquid digestive medicine market for 126 years, are identified as powerful resources (Value) that generate 'sustained competitive advantage.' The principles of ethical management based on the Donghwa spirit, the long-standing principles of trust and belief, and the entrepreneurial spirit possess rarity. Having won four Guinness World Records and holding numerous new drug patents, Donghwa Pharmaceutical has consistently secured the top position in the digestive medicine category of the Korean Industrial Brand Power for 19 consecutive years. The company has been designated as a 'Golden Brand,' and its products have high levels of awareness, making them highly difficult to imitate. Lastly, the organization is structured to efficiently utilize resources such as a transparent hierarchical system, fair personnel management, diverse training programs, and high employee welfare and salaries. This study systematically analyzes the core values of Donghwa Pharmaceutical from a managerial perspective and proposes directions for the company to evolve into a long-lasting enterprise. The research outcomes will provide valuable insights for formulating long-term management strategies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 2024

The government announced the Housing Welfare Roadmap (November 2017), to expand the supply of public rental housing by reconstructing aged long-term public rental complexes. Also, remodeling projects for complexes with low business feasibility of reconstruction projects are recognized as an alternative to supplying public rental housing in urban area. This study analyzed influence factors by dividing them into project feasibility, architectural plan, urban & residential environment plan, and legal system groups in order to establish a plan for long-term public rental housing remodeling project. Futhermore, this work conducted the principal component analysis to get the principal component factors among the influence factors of each group, and the weight analysis to calculate weighting of them. In addition, major influence factors were derived by calculating the relative importance score (RIS) of each factor. Lastly this paper validated the major influence factors and applicability of the procedure to select 3 complexes that can be reviewed for remolding project among 33 long-term public rental housing complexes located in Seoul. The results of this study are expected to be useful when establishing a remodeling project plan for long-term public rental housing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-82
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• 1977

The purpose of this study is first, to analyse the present nursing education and the curriculum in Korea in view of the changes and the new tendency of nursing education and second, to compare our curriculum with that of America, where nursing activities are actively earring on and, third, to try to find out what we should reconsider and improve in our nursing education. The object of this study is the educational program and the curriculum from 1973 to 1976 by selecting each five from colleges and department of nursing in Korea and America. The results of the study were as fellows : . 1. The aim of nursing education puts impassion the role of leader, knowledge and technology of nursing, welfare of society and service of community in both the America and Korea. In Korea nursing is mainly restricted to the treatment of diseases, while in the America the items of the aim of nursing are mainly extended to the capacity for Self- realization of nurse, in Korea they are restricted to the treatment of diseases. 2. In Korea the rate of credit of the curriculum of nursing education is the highest in professional education, next in general education, next in supporting science and educational subject, while in America the rate of the credit is the highest in general education, next professional education and then supporting Science and educational subject isn′t included in the curriculum. 3. In both Korea and America the role of the animal credit allotment in general education, is the highest in the first year and the rate in supporting science is the highest in the second year. In Korea professional subjects are concentrated in the third year while in America there is a tendency that they are increasing in number in the grade order. 4. There is a tendency that the rate of the credit allotment of the main professional subjects in curriculum is higher in Korea than in America : that is, in Korea the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in medical - surgical nursing, next maternal - child nursing, next community - health nursing and the psychiatric nursing and there in a great difference in the rate of the allotment of each credit. While in America the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in community - health nursing, next in medical- surgical nursing, next in maternal - child nursing, and then in psychiatric nursing and there is little difference in the rate of tile allotment of each credit. 5. From general education, supporting science and professional education, they have considered the continuity and sequence in the structure of nursing curriculum of Korea and America. While in Korea we have partly made integration in tile content of the subjects. Most of the school in America, they have made integration in the content of subjects especially in all subjects, but in Korea we haven't made it in all subjects. 6. In the system and form of nursing education Problem solving method, Dialectical method and operational method are introduced in some America schools and in others there is a tendency that the whole nursing education has the system based on Preventive frame - work or Health -illness frame work ; while only one college has an attempt for Health - Illness continue in Korea. 7. In Korea nursing education, as the importance of health- nursing and team nursing, the aim which is also comparatively emphasized is about health management and service of collective community. The subject pertaining to the aim is the studies of community health nursing, which are more in number in America. 8. When we consider the association between the social, general aims ?f the nursing education and the formation of the curriculum in Korean nursing school the courses of study concerning "the role of leadership and cooperative personal relation": "nursing care for the group": dynamic nursing care": and "the system of the public health nursing associated with the understanding of the regional community" are insufficient as compared with those of America. Especially, the lack of the behavioral science including the nursing care connected with the care for the group, the basic science on the clinical and developmental psychology, anthropology in known to be a prominent issue.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic materials for searching the way of improvement to heighten the emergency medical welfare level by one step further. To achieve this purpose, the subjects of this study were selected 452 college students in Gwangju, using a random sampling method. The statistical analysis methods utilized for analyzing the collected data are frequency analysis, $x^2$ test. The conclusions obtained from these analyses are as following ; 1. In question about necessary optimum number of persons for rescue first aid activity, health and non-health major college students responded by 39.2%, 45.3% respectively that rescue team 15 people, first aid team 3 people is most suitable. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 2. In question about security of the public health doctor and the emergency medical technician, all health and non-health major college students are recognizing necessity urgently, but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 3. In question about 119 rescue first aid team member applying for an examination qualification grant to the department of EMT's graduate, all health and non-health major college students were highest by 52.9%, 52.4% respectively in "necessity" item. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 4. Because rescue first aid equipment level appears higher than 41.7% in non-health major college student's case by 54.2% in health major college student's case, health major college students are recognizing that equipment level should be supplemented more but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 5. In question about equipment supplement, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 64.8%, 69.3% in accident type different special equipment. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 6. In question about rescue ambulance car size, we could know being thinking that health and non-health major college student each 61.2%, 56.5% is small and narrow that large size of the rescue ambulance amount need. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 7. In question about patient's state is worsened, because rescue first aid equipment is inferior, health major college student responded sometimes 55.1%, many 29.5%. very many by 11.5%, while non-health major college student responded 65.8%, 23.1%, 4.0% respectively. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 8. In question about emergency patient must utilize for 119 rescue ambulance car, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 38.8%, 41.3% in "not so" item. In question about rescue first aid team's first-aid treatment ability improves more, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 58.1% and 58.7% respectively in "improve" item. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must go more rapidly than now", all health and non-health major college students are recognizing that should be quicker by 58.1%, 60.9% respectively. When called to 119 all health and non-health major college students responded highest by 55.5%, 53.3% respectively that we must receive first-aid treatment direction from a doctor. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must be made the pay system", all health and non-health major college students responded 74%, 80% respectively in "not so" item. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). In conclusions, In oder to provide superior rescue first aid service to people, a public health doctor should be placed in the situation room inside the fire station so that the doctor could instruct the proper emergency treatment suitable for each situation to the rescue first aid team. Also, national education about a first-aid treatment that do to all people is necessarily necessary in emergency delivery system and this should be spread extensively through school education and broadcasting medium and education should be gone side by side, and see that will can save emergency patients' life which is more when these education consists continuously fixed period for public institution of policeman, fire officer etc. specially. And for reinforcement of patient transfer system, public organization must procure special ambulance car so that emergency patient receive first aid treatment while transfer.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, health policy making is increasingly based on evidence. Therefore, Korean Terminal Cancer Patient Information System (KTCPIS) was developed to meet such need. We aimed to report its developmental process and statistics from 6 months data. Methods: Items for KTCPIS were developed through the consultation with practitioners. E-Velos web-based clinical trial management system was used as a technical platform. Data were collected for patients who were registered to 34 inpatient palliative care services, designated by Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs, from $1^{st}$ of January to $30^{th}$ of June in 2009. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results: From the nationally representative set of 2,940 patients, we obtained the following results. Mean age was $64.8{\pm}12.9$ years, and 56.6% were male. Lung cancer (18.0%) was most common diagnosis. Only 50.3% of patients received the confirmation of terminal diagnosis by two or more physicians, and 69.7% had an insight of terminal diagnosis at the time of admission. About half of patients were admitted to the units on their own without any formal referral. Average and worst pain scores were significantly reduced after 1 week when compared to those at the time of admission. 73.4% faced death in the units, and home-discharge comprised only 13.3%. Mean length of stay per admission was $20.2{\pm}21.2$ days, with median value of 13. Conclusion: Nationally representative data on the characteristics of patients and their caregiver, and current practice of service delivery in palliative care units were obtained through the operation of KTCPIS.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

The concepts of core competencies and achievement standards were newly introduced within national curriculum documents since the 2009 Revised National Curriculum. The purpose of this introduction was to develop a curriculum that reflects unique characteristics of each subject and for the effectiveness of student evaluation. The purpose of this study was to suggest a direction for the future national curriculum and achievement standards development through comparing the national curriculum and standards between South Korea and the U.S. In particular, this study focused on two aspects: 1) the hierarchical relationships and the structural system of achievement standards in the curricula of two countries, and 2) the details of differences in two countries' achievement standards of a specific content area, 'family'. The results are as follows: the Korean national curriculum includes core competencies was included in the objective statement, and standards were provided as a lower-level system, while the U.S. national standards was composed of hierarchical system of comprehensive standards(higher-level), contents standards(middle-level), and competencies(lower-level). This may be attributable to the difference in the definition of competencies. The analysis results of detailed contents of the curriculum was related to the terminologies used in curriculum documents of the two countries. For example, work and family balance was frequently mentioned in Korean document, while the U.S. national curriculum just displayed multiple roles of individuals rather than using the term explicitly. Also, terms such as happiness and welfare were frequently mentioned in Korean curriculum, while 'well-being' was more frequently used in the U.S. curriculum. These differences in usage of terms reflects the differences in cultural values and perspectives of the two countries.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.457-479
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• 2013

Through a Chinese rise, Chinese dream is actualizing as the world's great power. According to outlook of World Bank and IMF, Around 2030 China will be a great power bigger than America's economic power. The rise of China will give a huge impact to the whole world. China expands her influence through a global manufacturing base and a global market. To actualize 'Peaceful Rise' Strategy, China has many constraints. Chinese society is facing many difficult social problem due to side effects of a rapid development. Such as the spread of corruption, the severity of wealth gap, environmental degradation and energy shortage. Internationally there are containment from hegemon so-called 'China threat' dispute, Taiwan issue and territorial disputes. Western countries are hostile to China for two reasons. Based on expectations, one is China's socialist system and the other is the rising China which will compete for supremacy with Europe and America. Recent emergence of Chinese nationalism and the containment of the neighboring countries are also serious limiting factors. Domestically they have the rampant corruption in the bureaucracy, weakened capacity of Communist rule, wealth disparity due to the discriminatory economic development strategy, seriousness of rural problem, social instability, lack of social security systems and the development gap between the eastern coastal areas and western inland areas, ethnic minorities problems, the constraint of sustainable development issues due to lack of resources, environmental pollution and energy constraints. Like the former Soviet Union, China may face a dismantlement. After the rise, China may encounter possibilities of a war between great powers or a collapse of Chinese society caused by deepening internal conflict. Serious economic polarization would make peasants and urban workers, who are social vulnerable people, to turn their back to communist party and threaten the justification and the appropriateness of the ruling communist party. Chinese government will think internal system security threat is more formidable risk factor than a system security threat from the hegemon. The decline of great country comes from internal reasons rather than external reasons. To achieve peaceful rise, unification with Taiwan is an essential prerequisite. Taiwan issues are complex problems which equipped with international and domestic factors. Lack of energy resources, environmental pollution in China will bring economic crisis to Korean enterprises. Important influence to Korean economy will be a changeover of the method in economic development. It will turn the balance of investment and consumption, GDP-centered growth to consumption and environment-centered growth. Services industries including finance, environment, culture, education, health care and social welfare will grow. Change in China's growth model will give a great challenge upon the intermediate goods industry in Korea. Korea should reduce the portion of machinery, automotive, semiconductor, steel and chemical-centered export industry to China, and should increase the proportion of the service industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-285
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• 2021

COVID-19 is threatening the safety of ships and seafarers by delaying seafarer rotation. Shipping companies and governments have a blindspot in case of the onboard environment of seafarers. An effective, alternative plan should be devised to eliminate the possibility of human accidents in an emergency that threatens the safety of seafarers. According to the survey of former and current seafarers, the most important factor in boarding life was safety, and the most necessary thing during emergencies was to secure smooth seafarer rotation rather than improve wages and welfare. By analyzing the major routes of national shipping companies by continent, ports with a large number of calls and a high Air Connectivity Index were selected as the base port. In addition, the route was designed for effective, domestic seafarer rotation during international shipping. Other countries must be consulted to establish a travel route linking ships, ports, and airports for the safe return of sailors to their home countries during an emergency. In addition, it is necessary to work together for the seafarers who are in trouble of seafarer rotation through cooperation with the International Maritime Organization(IMO). Starting with this, the government should have a monitoring system for the return and non-return routes as well as the number of seafarers on board. If such a system is established, it will be able to determine the response direction of our country's policy in case of an emergency. Along with the shipping company's ef orts to improve the treatment of seafarers, national and social attention will be needed to review domestic laws and improve awareness about seafarers.