• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6955-6960
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• 2014

Background: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a standard cytogenetic tool employed to evaluate chromosomal damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objectives: To evaluate the pooled levels of total micronuclei (MN) and binucleated cells with micronuclei (MNC) in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes among population occupationally exposed to pesticides and further determine the more sensitive biomarker of CBMN. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis on the pooled levels of MN and MNC in binucleated lymphocytes among occupationally pesticide-exposed populations was conducted using STATA 10.0 software and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: We found significant differences in frequencies of MN and MNC in 1000 binucleated lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and controls, and the summary estimates of weighted mean difference were 6.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 4.86-8.78] and 5.08 (95% CI: 2.93-7.23), respectively. However, when we conducted sensitivity analyses further, only the MN remained statistically different, but not the MNC, the summary estimates of weight mean difference were 2.86 (95% CI: 2.51-3.21) and 0.50 (95% CI: -0.16-1.17), respectively. We also observed pesticide-exposed subjects had significantly higher MN frequencies than controls among smokers and nonsmokers, male and female populations, and American, Asian and European countries in stratified analyses. Conclusions: The frequency of MN in peripheral blood lymphocytes might be a more sensitive indicator of early genetic effects than MNC using the CBMN assay for occupationally pesticide-exposed populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9725-9730
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• 2014

Background: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is one of the most extensively studied biomarkers employed to evaluate genetic damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objective: To estimate the pooled levels of SCE in human peripheral blood lymphocytes among population exposed to pesticide. Materials and Methods: Meta-analysis on the association between SCE frequency and pesticide exposure was performed with STATA 10.0 software package and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: The overall means of SCE were 7.88 [95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 6.71-9.04] for exposure group and 6.05 (95%CI: 5.13-6.95) for controls, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the SCE frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and control groups, and the summary estimate of weighted mean difference was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.01-2.38). We also observed that pesticide-exposed population had significantly higher SCE frequency than control groups among smokers, nonsmokers, pesticide applicator, pesticide producer, other exposure population and Asian population in stratified analyses. Conclusions: Data indicate that the SCE frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes might be an indicator of early genetic esffects for pesticide-exposed populations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2010

The prevention of disasters is important to prepare in advance through analysis and an estimate. But for all the efforts of the government to stave off disasters, the damage out of a guerilla localized heavy rain caused the global warming, a landslide and inundation is growing. To prevent these damages, the basic data and system through systematic research and analysis should be set up. But it is true that collecting of the basic data and the system for preventing disasters are either constructing or insufficient so far. In this research, by using topography spatial data including LiDAR data including the aerial photo and digital maps, and etc. the factor of a disaster, the disaster risk element was extracted. Moreover, the disaster region about the disaster generation available region was evaluated in advance using the easy disaster analysis of current situation photo map which made with the grid analysis method and weighted value estimate technique.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1988

Airborne dust and asbestos fiber concentrations were determined in subway stations located in Seoul area. Two stations, such as Eulchiro 4-Ka Station of Line #2, constructed during a period of 1980-1984 and Hyehwa Station of Line #4, opened in 1985, were selected. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Daily time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of airborne dusts from 07:00 to 20:00 hours in Line #2 and Line #4 were 0.43$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$ and 0.37$\pm$0.12 mg/m$^3$, respectively. Thus, the dust levels in Line #2 were significantly higher than the levels in Line #4 (p < 0.05). 2. Dust levels in the morning (07:00-11:00 hours), noon (11:00-16:00 hours) and in the evening (16:00-20:00 hours) in Line #2 were 0.47$\pm$0.17 mg/m$^3$, 0.37$\pm$0.08 mg/m$^3$, and 0.46$\pm$0.07 mg/m$^3$ respectively. Thus, dust levels in the morning and evening (i.e., during rush hours) were significantly higher than levels in the noon (p < 0.02). However, there was no such difference in dust levels by time in Line #4. 3. Airborne total dust concentrations were well below the occupational health standard of 10 mg/m$^3$, however, the levels were exceeding the ambient air standard recommended by the Korean Environment Administration. 4. All of airborne asbestos fiber concentrations were equal to or below 0.005 fibers/cc. The levels are within both occupational health standards and U.S. EPA criteria. 5. A consideration should be given to the improvements of cleaning methods (such as use of vacuum cleaning instead of brushing) and the existing ventilation (such as more air change and filtration of supply air) for a reduction of dust levels. 6. It is recommended that routine monitoring of airborne dusts and asbestos fibers be conducted because more dusts and asbestos fibers can be produced in the air due to the deterioration of facilities by age and water damage in future.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.610-618
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• 2013

The damaged district by flooding has been changed from mainly farmland to cities due to the weather phenomena which is different from the past. This has caused not only irreparable damage of people's lives and property but social infrastructures. There also exist serious damages such as isolation of drivers and traffic jam as the roads were flooded. In this study, we suggested a method to develop a flood risk index focused on not Si, Gun or Gu but roads. In addition, flood risk index in the roads just at the moment, when it rains quantitatively, will be provided by using real-time rainfall information provided by the Weather Center. Then it should be helpful to prevent people from being isolated by flooded roads in advance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.208-210
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• 2015

After the huge explosive accident in port of Tianjin, it is being strengthened on the dangerous goods regulations. This also has been make an extra impact which must meet international standards and even different parts became possible import customs regulations exporting from Korea. Since 2004, internationally in compliance with the enforced the transport of dangerous goods regulations (IMDG Code), but becomes substantial damage to the domestic industry that exports of dangerous goods is a lot of difficulties in the logistics of efficiency due to possible follows only the clearance to the needs of the Chinese Government. In Korea and secure hazardous materials management needs have emerged, but piecemeal ad hoc policy is connected economically costly and unnecessary regulations weighted long-term safe at the same time enables continuation of the development of the only domestic chemical industry to find effective hazardous materials management plan it is.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new real-time algorithm detecting the flame and smoke in digital CCTV images. Because the forest fire causes the enormous human life and damage of property, the early management according to the early sensing is very important. The proposed algorithm for monitoring forest fire is classified into the flame sensing and detection of smoke. The flame sensing algorithm detects a flame through the conditional test at YCbCr color model from the single frame. For the detection of smoke, firstly the background range is set by using differences between current picture and the average picture among the adjacent frames in the weighted value, and the pixels which get out of this range and have a gray-scale are detected in the smoke area. Because the proposed flame sensing algorithm is stronger than the existing algorithms in the change of the illuminance according to the quantity of sunshine, and the smoke detection algorithm senses the pixel of a gray-scale with the smoke considering the amount of change for unit time, the effective early forest fire detection is possible. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than existing algorithms.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.468-475
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• 2012

A proper stacking force and assembly are important to the performance of fuel cell. Improper assembly pressure may lead to leakage of fuels and high interfacial contact resistance, excessive assembly pressure may result in damage to the gas diffusion layer and other components. The pressure distribution of gas diffusion layer is important to make interfacial contact resistance less for stack performance. To analyze the influence of design parameter factors for pressure distribution, and to optimize stack design, DOE (Design of Experiment) was used for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack pressure test. As commonly known, the higher clamping force improves the fuel cell stack performance. However, non-uniformity of stress distribution is also increased. It shows that optimization between clamping force and stress distribution is needed for well designed structure of fuel cell stack. In this study, stack design optimization method is suggested by using FEM (Finite Element Methode) and DOE for light-weighted fuel cell stack.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.138-147
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• 2018

With the recent series of damage caused by earthquakes in Korea, such as Gyeongju and Pohang, we know that Korea is no longer a safe zone for earthquakes and that we need to be prepared for them. In addition, bridges built prior to the introduction of seismic design concepts remain without adequate seismic reinforcement measures, and earthquake reinforcement should be performed efficiently considering economic and structural safety. Preliminary assessment of seismic performance of existing bridges is divided into four seismic groups, taking into account seismicity, vulnerability and Impact, considering the magnitude of the existing bridge's seismic, and prioritization for further evaluation of seismic performance. In this study, unlike the existing anti-seismic reinforcement priority method, scores are calculated based on the seismic design criteria applied to bridges, importance coefficient of the bridge including the zone coefficient and the Importance, vulnerability index of the bridge including the soil condition and the elapsed years, detail coefficient of the bridge including the superstructure form, the span length, the width, the height, the design load, and the daily traffic volume. The calculated score items will be weighted and grouped according to the results. Using this, a simpler and more efficient algorithm was proposed to determine the priority of seismic reinforcement on a bridge.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2015

Flood is one of the major natural disasters affecting millions of people. Thailand also, frequently faces with this type of disaster. Especially, 2011 mega flood in Central Thailand, inundated highway severely attributed to the failure of national economic and risk to life. Lesson learned from such an extreme event caused flood monitoring and warning becomes one of the sound mitigations. The highway flood hazard mapping accomplished in this research is one of the strategies. This is due to highway flood is the potential risk to life and limb, and potential damage to property. Monitoring and warning therefore help reducing live and property losses. In this study, degree of highway flood hazard was assessed by weighting factors for each cause of the highway flood using Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These weighting factors are the essential information to classify the degree of highway flood hazard to enable pinpoint on flood monitoring and flood warning in hazard areas. The highway flood causes were then investigated. It was found that three major factors influence to the highway flood are namely the highway characteristics, the hydrological characteristics and the land topography characteristics. The weight of importance for each cause of the highway flood in the whole country was assessed by weighting 3 major factors influence to the highway flood. According to the result of MCA analysis, the highway, the hydrological and the land topography characteristics were respectively weighted as 35, 35 and 30 percent influence to the cause of highway flood. These weighting factors were further utilized to classify the degree of highway flood hazard. The Weight Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to compute the total score of all highways according to each factor. This score was later used to categorize highway flood as high, moderate and low degree of hazard levels. Highway flood hazard map accomplished in this research study is applicable to serve as the handy tool for highway flood warning. However, to complete the whole warning process, flood water level monitoring system for example the camera gauge should be installed in the hazard highway. This is expected to serve as a simple flood monitor as part of the warning system during such extreme or critical event.