• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1309-1315
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• 2000

Objectives : We performed an in vivo experiment to investigate the effect of $^{166}Holmium$ and $^{166}Holmium$-chitosan complex($^{166}Ho$-CHICO) on the normal brain of rats and to determine the sublethal dose of $^{166}Ho$-CHICO. Materials and Methods : $^{166}Ho$ is a beta and gamma ray emitter. $^{166}Ho$-CHICO is a novel radio-pharmaceutical complex with chitosan to facilitate the transport of $^{166}Ho$ obtained from Korea Atomic Energy Research Center(Taejon, Korea). It is in acidic form and becomes gel state at alkaline pH. One hundred and seventy consecutive rats were divided into four groups : $^{166}Ho$ treated(n＝50), $^{166}Ho$-CHICO treated(n＝57), saline treated(n＝5) and chitosan treated(n＝5) groups. $^{166}Ho$ and $^{166}Ho$-CHICO were injected into the rat brain stereotactically with various doses of 0.1mCi/$20{\mu}l$, 0.2mCi/$20{\mu}l$, 0.3mCi/$20{\mu}l$, and 0.4mCi/$20{\mu}l$ using an automated microinjector. Nuclear imaging, histopathological and hematological studies were performed in 10 rats in each group at 1 day, 3days, 7 days, 1 month and 3 months after the injections. Results : An infiltration of inflammatory cells and necrotic changes were noted in $^{166}Ho$ treated group at 1 week after the injection. A wedge-shaped tissue defect due to necrosis, lined with infiltrated glial cells in $^{166}Ho$ treated group and a cystic defect lined with reactive astroglial cells in $^{166}Holmium$-CHICO treated group at 3 months after the injection were observed. $^{166}Ho$ alone without chitosan leaked out and caused necrotic lesion on the cerebral surface but $^{166}Holmium$-CHICO treated group did not show this feature. As the dose of $^{166}Ho$ increased, the mortality rates were also increased. The mortality rate of the $^{166}Holmium$-CHICO group was higher than the $^{166}Ho$ treated group at a dose of 0.4mCi/$20{\mu}l$/300g. There was no detectable radioactivity due to the leakage or extravasation from the injected site of the brain on the scintigraphy performed at 1 hour, 24 hours and 48 hours after the injection. There was also no detectable activity of $^{166}Holmium$-CHICO in other organs including spleen, liver and kidney. Conclusions : $^{166}Ho$-CHICO did not leak out to the critical cortical surface of the brain from the injection site and induced radiation changes of the parenchyma around the injection site without cortical damage. The sublethal dose of $^{166}Ho$-CHICO for the normal brain in rats was determined to be 0.2mCi/$20{\mu}l$/300g.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

These days, the concept of creating shared value is drawn keen attentions to. This interest comes out of the expectation that Creating Shared Value(CSV) can offer an answer to some social issues by creating societal and economic values on the top of the achievements that existing Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) has made. However, it is difficult to make a clear distinction between the achievements that the activities of CSR and CSV have made. In this regard, developing a methodology to make an actual proof analysis on the accomplishments of CSV and to verify customer's awareness of and attitude towards the CSV is necessarily required. A company needs to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace as well as resolve a social issue by innovating value chain. The research has verified the cause and effect relationship between the CSV from the point of view of value chain and the purchase intention aroused by its economic, societal and cultural values through the company image and credibility with actual proof analysis and come up with following results. First, a societal and cultural value resulted in giving positive impact on a company's image, which implies that CSV activities can be the thin end of the wedge through which customers have a good image of the company involved in CSV. Second, a societal value makes a positive influence on the credibility of a company. In this regard, CSV should be recognized not just as a thing that generates a cost, but a way to win-win as well as future development. Third and last, the research results show that both company image and credibility influence on purchase intention. Considering that CSV generates a positive evaluation on a company that will ultimately cause continuous profit-making, the company's ultimate goal of activities, it should be approached from the perspective of making a mid-and-long term strategy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in bone density and reduction of time consumed for osteogenesis by $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium and to find out efficacy of $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium by comparing the group prescribed with $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium with the group without $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium prescription. Material and methods: The experimental group of 18 patients with 25 dental implant placement and the control group of 7 patients with 9 dental implant placement were randomly selected from the patients who visited prosthetic department of Dankook University Dental Hospital since July, 2006 (IRB Number ; 20060710). The experimental group was instructed to take $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium for 6 months after the implant surgery while the control group was instructed not to. Both experimental and control group were assigned for measurement using $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor and $Periotest^{(R)}$ and radiographic examination was performed using specifically manufactured Aluminum Step Wedge. The results were compared and analyzed. Results: 1. According to the $Osstell^{TM}$ Mentor measurement, both the experimental and control group showed increase in values as time elapses and the experimental group showed significantly higher rate of increase (P < .05). 2. According to the $Periotest^{(R)}$ measurement, both the experimental and control group showed decrease in values as time elapses. In addition, greater decrease can be seen in the experimental group but no statistical significance was found. 3. By examining the radiographic images, both the experimental and control group showed tendency of increase in bone density. In addition, greater increase can be seen in the experimental group but no statistical significance was found. Conclusion: Clinically, taking $PostPlant^{TM}$ Calcium medicine for a long period of time after implant placement is expected for a better prognosis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of general and occupational characteristics musculoskeletal symptoms in Radiological Technologist who working in present department more than 1 year. Standardized questionnaire of NIOSH and organized questionnaire for 재rk-related musculoskeletal was to 72Radiological Technologist, employed in 6general hospital in Seoul in September, 2003. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms were neck ($33.3\%$), shoulder ($33.3\%$), arm($12.5\%$), hand($13.9\%$), spine($34.7\%$)leg/knee/foot ($31.9\%$), arm/wrist/hand ($16.5\%$).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 1993

Background: Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma is rare, but still the second most common benign lung tumor, occurring most1y in middle-aged women. Methods: From January 1985 through April 1993, we experienced eight cases of solitary pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma. Results: Subjects studied were 7 female and 1 male patients. They ranged from 14 to 63 years of age(mean age, 43.8 years) at the time of operation. The patients were frequently asymptomatic and the tumor was often shown to be a large lobulated mass on radiographic examination. The tumor can usually be diagnosed on operation because of its subtle clinical and radiographic presentation. All eight cases were diagnosed intraoperatively. The mean interval between initial radiographic detection and operation was 7.9 months. Out of 8 cases, preoperative impression of benign tumor was made in 4 cases, whereas malignant tumor was suspected in the remaining 4 cases. Enucleation, wedge resection or lobectomy was performed which appropriate in each patient. Conclusion: Surgical removal of the tumor preserving as much lung parenchyma as possible is indicated for proper diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.74-93
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• 2019

The Bird Track Site in the Haman Formation in Yongsanri (Natural Monument No. 222) was reported on the named Koreanaornis hamanensis and Jindongornipes kimi sauropod footprint Brontopodus and ichnospecies Ochlichnus formed by Nematoda. This site has outstanding academic value because it is where the second-highest number of bird tracks have been reported in the world. However, only 25% of the site remains after being designated a natural monument in 1969. This is due to artificial damage caused by worldwide fame and quarrying for flat stone used in Korean floor heating systems. The Haman Formation, including this fossil site, has lithofacies showing reddish-grey siltstone and black shale, alternately. The boundary of the two rocks is progressive, and sedimentary structures like ripple marks and sun cracks can clearly be found. This site was divided into seven formations according to sedimentary sequences and structures. The results of a nondestructive deterioration evaluation showed that chemical and biological damage rates were very low for all formations. Also, physical damage displayed low rates with 0.49% on exfoliation, 0.04% on blistering, 0.28% on break-out; however, the joint crack index was high, 6.20. Additionally, efflorescence was observed on outcrops at the backside and the northwestern side. Physical properties measured by an indirect ultrasonic analysis were found to be moderately weathered (MW). Above all, the southeastern side was much fresher, though some areas around the column of protection facility appeared more weathered. Furthermore, five kinds of discontinuity surface can be found at this site, with the bedding plane showing the higher share. There is the possibility of toppling failure occurring at this site but stable on plane and wedge failure by means of stereographic projection. We concluded that the overall level of deterioration and stability were relatively fine. However, continuous monitoring and conservation treatment and management should be performed as situations such as the physicochemical weathering of the fossil layer, and the efflorescence of the mortar adjoining the protection facility's column appear to be challenging to control.