• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.639-648
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• 2015

There is a growing interest in Co-operative education as an important way of university-industry collaborations for improving employment competitiveness, recruiting talented human resource, and promoting university-industry collaborations. In this study, we recognize that the paradigm of professional practice have to be changed from internship to Co-operative education. This paper examines the characteristics of Co-operative education in a regional public university through a case study of Central Washington University(CWU), USA. The results of the study and policy implications are as follows. First, the professional practice program of CWU is centered upon Co-operative education and has a high local and regional connectivity in terms of location of institutions that students work for professional practices. Second, the professional practice program of CWU has a high connectivity between majors and jobs, and is characterized by an active participation of students majoring in humanities, social sciences, arts and education. Third, the qualifications of Co-operative education are strict, but programs of Co-operative education are flexibly operated according to the characteristics of departments and colleges. We emphasize that universities in Korea need to focus upon the employment connectivity, the major connectivity, the local and regional connectivity, Therefore, when attempting to introduce Co-operative education. In addition, the management and governance of Co-operative education should be flexible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1755-1760
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• 2006

Studies were carried out at the National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, India to determine the effect of feeding chopped paddy straw (Oryza sativa) on the energy expenditure in crossbred cattle. Four crossbred cattle male, aged 5-6 years and weighing about 450 kg were used for this study. Three experimental trials, one each for the feeding of un-chopped paddy straw offered ad libitum (UCA), chopped paddy straw fed at restricted level (CR) and chopped paddy straw offered ad libitum (CA) were conducted. The quantity of un-chopped paddy straw consumed during UCA was assumed as the voluntary intake by the cattle and the same quantity was offered after chopping during CR. Each trial comprised of 21 d preliminary feeding period and 5 d of observation recording period. Expired gas was collected in Douglas bags using a face-mask and three-way valve at 6 hourly intervals i.e., at 09.30, 15.30, 21.30, and 03.30 h throughout the observation period. Expired gas and ambient air inspired by the animals were analyzed for the oxygen content through paramagnetic oxygen analyzer. Energy expenditure (EE) by the animals was calculated by determining the volume of oxygen consumed per minute (STP) and multiplying by 4.825. Paddy straw used in all the three trials contained (g/kg DM) 90.0 CP, 786 OM, 700 NDF, 489 ADF, 357 Cellulose and 60.0 ADL. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 6.9 MJ/kg DM. Dry matter intake (DMI) both in UCA and CR was about 6.8 kg, except that it was chopped in CR. Chopping has resulted in 32% improvement (9 kg) in DMI of CA as compared to that of UCA. Although ME intake was similar in UCA and CR (47.2 MJ/day), energy expenditure (EE) was higher in UCA (23.3 MJ) when compared to that of CR (19.5 MJ). The ME intake (63.3 MJ) as well as EE (27.1 MJ) was highest in CA. Energy expenditure when expressed as MJ/kg DMI was 3.48, 2.90 and 3.12; whereas as per cent of ME intake it was 50, 41 and 44 in UCA, CR and CA respectively. Our study has unequivocally confirmed that chopping of poor quality roughages like paddy straw has definite advantages not only in terms of improving the intake by decreasing the time taken for ingestion but also in reducing the energy cost of eating.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2001

This thesis aims to reveal the unsatisfactory unfitting factors in the tight collars of adult males' dress shirts for the purpose of improving neck-collar fitness. For this study, nine adult males were chosen as the subjects. When the subjects erected their necks upright, the researcher conducted an experiment, using the direct anthropometrical measuring method and the gypsum method by turns, in order to understand neck shapes by way of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, neck flection, neck extension, right neck rotation, and left neck rotation. And then, the propriety of allowances from body surface alteration was verified by analyses through the measurement of wearing comfortableness and clothing pressure in two sorts of ready-made dress shirts, which had different allowances. The consequences of this study are as follows: 1. In length alteration to movement, a decrease was found in the opposite (and an increase in the identical) directions of right-neck lateral flection, left-neck lateral flection, and neck flection movements. Also, when the subjects shook their heads, an increase was seen by 0.42$\sim$0.63cm in neck girth, 0.31$\sim$1.12cm in 3cm-above-the-neck base girth, and 1.16cm in neck extension of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. 2. As a result of the drafts of surface measurement, the alteration ratios of dimensions and vertical length dropped in the identical directions of the movement, but grew in the opposite directions. A reverse change was shown in horizontal length. The rough widening gaps for making drafts were 0.7cm in front left and right, and 0.2cm in back left and right of 3cm-above-the-neck base girth. On the whole, the space was about 1.8cm, while there was no significant variation between the upright stationary test and the movement test. 3. There were important differences between the two kinds of ready-made dress shirts (Type A: 1cm allowance in neck girth; Type B: 2cm allowance) in clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness. That is, Type A had higher pressure and more uncomfortable sense of wearing. In other words, as clothing pressure and wearing comfortableness are negatively related to each other, Type A's greater clothing pressure led to worse wearing comfortableness.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.310-316
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• 2012

The chromaticity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) generated from the recyling of a silicone slurry waste was improved by using activated carbon powder and a carbon filter. The color change of the PEG waste was investigated by changing the amount of adsorbent, adsorption time and temperature. The surface area of activated carbon did not have a significant impact on improving the color of the PEG waste. According to the results for the APHA color variation of the PEG waste changing the amount of the carbon adsorbent, the optimal usage to achieve the low APHA value was 100~150 mg-C/g-PEG. From the investigatnion on the effect of the adsorption temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, it was found that the optimal temperatures were $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ in terms of achieving the lowest APHA value. The variation of the APHA color was investigated by changing the operation condition of the activated carbon filters. The use of ACF was a good way to enhance the chromaticity of the PEG waste. As a result, the APHA value of the PEG waste (APHA=53 at the initial waste) was reduced to be 10 through the ACF purification. It was also confirmed that the performance of the used carbon adsorbent can be recovered by the washing with purified water.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2021

Conventional white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting applications consist of blue LEDs and yellow phosphors, the spectrum of which lacks deep red. To improve the color-rendering characteristics of white LEDs, a red quantum-dot film was applied to the diffuser plate of LED lighting. The mean free paths of the quantum dots and the concentration of the TiO₂ particles in the diffuser plate were adjusted to optimize the optical structure of the lighting. The color-rendering index (CRI) was greater than 90 for most conditions, which demonstrates that adoption of the red quantum-dot film is an effective way for improving the color-rendering properties of conventional white LEDs. The angular dispersion of color coordinates could be removed by utilizing the optical cavity formed between the diffuser plate and the reflector on the bottom of the lighting, where multiple passages of the light through the quantum-dot film reduced the differences in optical path length depending on the viewing angle.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-327
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• 2021

Background and objective: Recent urban agriculture meets the needs of urban residents that safety and avoids using chemical pesticides. This study was conducted to identify various factors of companion planting affecting the growth of cherry tomatoes, which will promoting urban agriculture by improving socioeconomic satisfaction with gardening activities through quality. Methods: Four types of companion plants such as marigold, zinnia, spearmint and basil, that have a companion effect with growth, sugar content, and vitamin C content. We obtained the mean and standard deviation and tested the significance at a 95% confidence level (p < .05) with Duncan's multiple range test after one way ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: Compared to monoculture of cherry tomatoes, the plant growth in the treatment plots with companion planting showed a significant increase overall(p < .05), but there wasn't interaction effect among companion plants, planting ratio and type. As for the absorption of inorganic components, the companion planting showed better absorption than monoculture of cherry tomatoes, as favorable growth, and there was an interaction effect among the individual factors. The sugar content was higher than the standard sugar content of 5.8 brix in both the treatment plots at the control, and vitamin C content was higher than the control at 26.27mg/100g in all treatment plots, but there wasn't statistically significant difference. The soil pH in the cultivation plot ranges from 5.5 to 9.0 and was weakly alkaline in all treatment plots except zinnia, showing low contents of phosphoric acid, exchageable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze various factors such as the growth of cherry tomatoes, contents of inorganic components, sugar content and vitamin C content of fruits, and soil analysis according to companion plants, planting type, and planting ratio. We will study sugar content by measuring the change in growth every phase of fruits.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.209-218
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the subjective consciousness and life satisfaction of the elderly, and to see how depression affects this relationship. This includes a new way of thinking about the causes of the elderly's life satisfaction, not only for individual factors, but also for subjective class consciousness. For this aim, we examine the degree of subjective class consciousness, life satisfaction and depression of the elderly, and verify mediation effects of depression between subjective class consciousness and life satisfaction. This study utilized data obtained from the 5th version of the Korea Longitudinal Study on Aging 2014, and considered data from 4,222 elderly aged 65 and over. As a means of study, a structural equation model analysis was conducted. The results were as follows: First, it was confirmed that the subjective class consciousness of the elderly may influence life satisfaction. It was also confirmed that the subjective class consciousness of the elderly also affected depression and life satisfaction among the elderly. When subjective class consciousness was high, depression was low and life satisfaction was high. When depression was low, life satisfaction was high. Second, depression had the mediation effect in which subjective class consciousness affects life satisfaction. Based on these results, this author suggests practical and political issues concerning social welfare to prevent and reduce depression and increase life satisfaction through improving the subjective class consciousness of the elderly. First, policy measures should enhance social capital through housing support policies and leisure use support to enhance the subjective class consciousness of the elderly. Second, the provision of services for the elderly through the establishment of a community-based network to reduce depression should be promoted.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2001

Recently varieties of user groups are formed as the number of people using cyber chatting gets increased and there are many changes in the range and field of its use. But because most of the cyber chatting systems are being operated to enlarge the additional sonics use, the using environments are stereotyped. And as its function is being various as well, it can not provide with a user-centered environment. So this thesis compares and analyzes the problems derived from the usability evaluation for solving the problems in using cyber chatting systems, and presents the guidelines of emotion-intended user interface design for improving the usability as the result of the analysis. First, this study investigates cyber chatting systems as a means of web communication tools through the existing literatures. Secondly, this study finds out the problems in using them through satisfaction evaluation, heuristic evaluation, performance evaluation, and observation evaluation and presents a way of solving the provisional problems in using them as the analysis of the result of usability evaluation. And this was proceeded for the purpose of applying and activating the better usability evaluation of cyber chatting systems later. Through the usability evaluation, it is found out that the structuralization of chatting function, the screen visibility by the size and arrangement of the compositional elements of a screen, and the improvement and development of the proper metaphor use of images and functions by the communication environment are necessary.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2013

Despite various policies have been implemented to curb shadow education in Korea, it has continued to grow in recent two decades. This study investigates the expansion mechanism of shadow education focused on mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers. The success and failure of policy toward shadow education depends on how effectively it could block off the way by which the suppliers as the most important actors in politics of shadow education market mobilize consumers' anxieties. But shadow education policies have failed in two points. First, they have lacked honest intention to stop its proliferation. The Constitutional Court Decision Against Anti-Out-Of-School Classes Legislation of 2000 widened the windows of opportunity for the suppliers, and 5.31 educational reform of 1995 was neutral to their mobilization capabilities, though seemingly designed to control shadow education. This policy orientation, which reflected neoliberal Gesinnungsethik defective of Verantwortungsethik, stimulated shadow education to expand in that suppliers' mobilization capabilities were reinforced or remained intact. Second, shadow education suppliers have succeeded in mobilizing the desire and anxiety of potential consumers. To cope with government's policy including improving the qualities of public education, realignment of college entrance systems, and meeting the shadow education needs, they have developed various market strategies such as management of existing demands, creation of responsive demands, and squeezing out new demands. They have succeeded in nullifying policies by employing or mixing strategies with effect. Policy decisions in the future need to be made with reference to Verantwortungsethik, and be more cautious to socio-political contexts of Korea, to mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers in particular.