• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study presented politic proposals and diverse utilization-type in coastal areas by analyzing results of reviewed related-statements of marine environment during the one year period of 2007 by Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center. Total of 358 cases were reviewed, which was a significant increase from 270 in 2006. Consultation on the utilization of sea areas (CUSA) accounted for the largest number of 165 (46.1%) and it was followed by 104 cases of environmental impact assessment (EIA) (29.0%) and 89 cases of prior environmental review (PER) (24.9%). As such, evaluation statements (EIA+PER) related to consultations of the Ministry of Environment accounted for approximately 54% of the entire cases reviewed. To analyze the overall results of reviewing marine-related evaluation statements, utilization and planning were conducted by 47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7% in the South Sea, West Sea and East Sea of Korea, respectively. In evaluation statements (EIA+PER), port construction, industrial complex construction, urban management plan and road construction took up most of the part by 40.9%, 20.2%, 10.4% and 7.3%, respectively. In terms of CUSA-statement, it was evaluated that consultations were mostly carried out on use and reclamation of public water surface in coastal areas and on sea aggregate extraction process in EEZ. The largest number of plans for coastal use were established for Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeonggi-do. In particular, development plans were concentrated on Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do with stable marine environment and outstanding view of the nature. In most cases, these regions are adjacent to the areas designated as a sea area for environmental management and fisheries resources protection zone. Therefore, conflicts exist between development and preservation. Also, rather than random development, more detailed marine environmental impact assessment, gathering of public opinions and politic harmony are essentially required. For efficient coastal management and environmentally sound and sustainable development, fulfilling consistent and transparent coastal policies as well as active and reliable decision making to center on coastal environment by management bodies will be important.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.182-189
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• 2006

Consumers can choose suitable shoes for their feet in off-line shopping. However, in on-line shopping, because they can not wear shoes, compare to the off-line shopping, there are many problems in internet shopping. And the solution of user-oriented internet shopping is development of new type of prototype which is accessible to user and to offer visual information through 3D-virtual reality. We made this Prototype that the consumer can measure their own shoes size. And the consumer can print out their foot size in the internet database and measure their own foot size and type. And we maximized the visual experience though it is indirect and then we wanted to overcome a emotional experience in the real world. we visualized first, 'the softness' of shoes meterial, second 'the drainage' in the realtion of shoes meterial and water, third 'the close adhesion' in the realtion of shoes and consumer's their own foot and last 'the elasticity' in the relation of the shoes outer sole and surface. The result of this research can solve the problem in the existing on-line shoes' shop and it will become an alternative plan. And this prototype just will not become the localization at the on-line shoes' shop. In true sense, it will be an important example in the whole internet industry.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

This research aims to investigate the cause of the occurrence of a weak road drainage section scientifically and specifically through a site survey for a poorly drained section occurring due to rainfalls during road operation. This paper deeply reviewed the existing research results and current situation data on the poorly drained sections accumulated in Korea Expressway Corporation in order to investigate the cause of the occurrence of a weak road drainage section, and deeply verified and analyzed the weak sections for the road surface drainage facilities and the other road drainage facilities by visiting the expressway controlled by the 6 local headquarters and 33 branches of Korea Expressway Corporation. As a result of site surveys for the weak road drainage sections, i) in a road surface section, occurrence of ponding in the road shoulder pavement due to slope changes, bad collection of water in the collecting well at a median strip, shortage of road shoulder dike height, and inferior construction, etc. was analyzed to be the main cause of the occurrence of poorly drained sections, and ii) in a road neighborhood section, the occurrence of pavement height difference in a main road and shoulder section due to inferior ditches on a slope and the bad drain age at the inlet and outlet of a culvert due to soil deposits, debris, etc. were analyzed to be the main cause of the occurrence of weak sections. Proposed as a plan to improve the poorly drainage section of road were i)calculation of capacity through material changes at the ditch, enhancement of vertical sections and hydraulic analysis in terms of construction and other aspects, ii)derivation of a combined slope considering a slope and a vertical linearity and maintenance of proper distance between drainage structures in a vertical concave section in terms of geometrical structure, and iii)calculation of the drainage facility installation interval using a minutely rainfall intensity formula and a non-uniform flow analysis technique in terms of hydraulics and hydrologics and prompt removal of rainfalls from the road surface according to a linear drainage method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_2
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• pp.1047-1060
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• 2017

In recent years, global warming has been continuing and abnormal weather phenomena are occurring frequently. Especially in the 21st century, the intensity and frequency of hydrological disasters are increasing due to the regional trend of water. Since the damage caused by disasters in urban areas is likely to be extreme, it is necessary to prepare a landslide susceptibility maps to predict and prepare the future damage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the landslide vulnerability using the logistic model and assessed the management plan after the landslide through the field survey. The landslide area was extracted from aerial photographs and interpretation of the field survey data at the time of the landslides by local government. Landslide-related factors were extracted topographical maps generated from aerial photographs and forest map. Logistic regression (LR) model has been used to identify areas where landslides are likely to occur in geographic information systems (GIS). A landslide susceptibility map was constructed by applying a LR model to a spatial database constructed through a total of 13 factors affecting landslides. The validation accuracy of 77.79% was derived by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logistic model. In addition, a field investigation was performed to validate how landslides were managed after the landslide. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for urban governments for policy recommendations on urban landslide management.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2008

In order to clarify the factors that diminish the population size of Scirpus planicumis in Han River Esturay Wetland Conservation Area of South Korea, I analysed the autoecological traits of competitive hydrophytes over the species, compared the performance ability of Scirpus planicum group inhabited between in soil-accumulated site and in soil-unaccumulated site, and suggested the management strategy of restoration of this plant based on the field survey. Scirpus planicumis had lower competitive ability than other hydrophyte such as Phragmites australis, Zonia latifolia, Typha augustifola. in terms of dry matter production, height, and reproductive regime. S. planicumis group in soil-accumulated site had lower tuber production, lower vegetative and reproductive production than that of in soil-unaccumulated site, and plant height was shorter in soil-accumulated than in soil-unaccumulated condition. Tuber was appeared in lower soil depth within 15cm in laboratory condition. These results indicated that soil-accumulated condition is the dominant factor caused the decreasing of population size of S. planicumis. It was urgently suggested that constructing a water ways to removed accumulated soil layer is need to restore the population size of S. planiculmus in this wetland.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-22
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• 2000

To search out the characteristics of the lower and the upper atmospheric vertical structure, we selected the island(Oeyoundori Ochun-myen Poryeng city Chung-Nam) as an observation site, which is thought to represent the characteristics of ocean well, and observed the vertical structure of the atmosphere by Radiosonde. By using the results of the observation, we analyzed the changes of relative humidity(RH), temperature and wind when the cyclone and the anticyclone passed and compared the results in case of each event. To compare the vertical structure of the ocean atmosphere with those of the continent, we analyzed the values observed with using Radiosonde at Osan site.Through this study, we found that relative humidity changed as the cyclone and the anticyclone passed. That is, when the cyclone came, RH increased first in the upper atmosphere than in the lower and when the high came, RH in the upper decreased sharply to 10%. And the variations of relative humidity in ocean are bigger than those in continent. In the future, we plan to find out the relation between the vapor water in ocean and continent seasonally and daily through the observation in ocean and continent at same time.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2000

To search out the characteristics of the lower and the upper atmospheric vertical structure, we selected the island(Oeyoundori Ochun-myen Poryeng city Chung-Nam) as an observation site, which is thought to represent the characteristics of ocean well, and observed the vertical structure of the atmosphere by Radiosonde. By using the results of the observation, we analyzed the changes of relative humidity(RH), temperature and wind when the cyclone and the anticyclone passed and compared the results in case of each event. To compare the vertical structure of the ocean atmosphere with those of the continent we analyzed the values observed with using Radiosonde at Osan site. Through this study, we found that relative humidity changed as the cyclone and the anticyclone passed. That is, when the cyclone came, RH increased first in the upper atmosphere than in the lower and when the high came, RH in the upper decreased sharply to 10%. And the variations of relative humidity in ocean are bigger than those in continent. In the future, we plan to f d out the relation between the vapor water in ocean and continent seasonally and daily through the observation in ocean and continent at same time.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

Livestock facilities in Korea are on their way of enlargement resulting in increment of livestock manure. When the livestock manure treated inappropriate way during application to the agricultural area, environmental damage can be occurred such as bad smell, water and air pollution. Therefore it is important to make a good management plan for livestock manure treatment. In order to effectively apply organic fertilizer made by livestock manure in terms of quantity and quality, the current status of nutrient in agricultural land should be calculated quantitatively by scientific way. The OECD suggest member countries to calculate the nutrient balance as an agricultural environment indicator which represents the difference between nutrient inputs and outputs of the amount of nutrients in various ways. In this paper, we calculated the nutrient balances according to three cities which have different characteristics such as urban or rural areas. To reduce the nutrient balance, we considered how to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by using organic fertilizer made by livestock manure. And public treatment facilities for livestock manure can be a good solution except civil complaints for location selection. Among the options, manure fertilizer application to the agricultural area for cultivation of forage crops was mainly considered to reduce the nutrient balance by decreasing input of chemical fertilizers and increasing output of crop production. Using the field monitoring data, it can be calculated that the daily nitrogen reductions by 116.5 kg/ha and the daily phosphorus increments by 2.7 kg/ha.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 1996

All the radionuclides in high-level nuclear waste will decay to harmless levels eventually but for some radionuclides decay is so slow that their radiation remains dangerous for times on the order of tens or hundreds of thousands of years. At the present time, the most favorite disposal plan for high-level radioactive waste is a mined geological disposal in which canister enclosing stable solid form of radioactive waste is placed in mined cavities locating hundred meters below the surface. The chief hazard in such disposal is dissolution of radionuclides from the waste in the groundwater that will eventually carry the dissolved radionuclides to surface environments. The hazard from possible escape of the radionuclides through groundwater can be delayed by engineered and geologic barriers. The engineered barriers can become useless by unexpected geologic catastrophe such as volcanism, earthquake, and tectonic movement and by fraudulent work such as careless construction, improperly welded canisters within the first few decades or centuries. As a result, dangerously radioactive waste which is still intensively radioactive is directly exposed to attack by moving groundwater. All the more, it is almost impossible to control repositories for times more than 10,000 years. Therefore, naturally controlled geologic, barriers whose properties will not be changed within 10,000 years are important to guarantee the safety of repositories of high-level radioactive waste. In Sweden and France, the suitability of granite for the mined geological disposal of high-level waste has been studied intensively. According to the research in Sweden and France, granites has the following physio-chemical characteristics which can delay the transportation of radionuclide by groundwater. First, the permeabilities of granites decreases as the depth increases and is $10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-12}m/s$ at depth below 300 m. Second, groundwater at depth below 300 m has pH=7-9 and reducing condition (Eh=-0.1~0.4). This geochemical condition is desirable to prevent both canister and solid waste from corrosion. Third most radionuclides are not transported by low solubilities and some radionuclide with high solubility such as Cs and Sr are retarded by absorption of geologic media through which ground water flows. Therefore, if high-level waste is disposed at depth below 300 m in the granite body which has a low permeability and is geologically stable more than 10,000 years, the safety of repositories from the hazard due to radionuclide escape can guaranteed for more than 10,000 years.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.243-255
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• 2010

The slope design of an open-pit mine must consider economical efficiency and stability. Thus, the overall slope angle is the principal factor because of limited support or reinforcement options available in such a setting. In this study, slope displacement, as monitored by a GPS system, was analyzed for a coal mine at Pasir, Indonesia. Predictions of failure time by inverse velocity analysis showed good agreement with field observations. Therefore, the failure time of an unstable slope can be roughly estimated prior to failure. A GIS model that combines fuzzy theory and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was developed to assess slope instability in open-pit coal mines. This model simultaneously considers seven factors that influence the instability of open-pit slopes (i.e., overall slope gradient, slope height, surface flows, excavation plan, tension cracks, faults, and water body). Application of the proposed method to an open-pit coal mine revealed an enhanced prediction accuracy of failure time and failure site compared with existing methods.