• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2023

Municipal solid waste landfills are unpredictable bioreactors which in cases of mishandling and bad supervision presents numerous risks. The key to municipal waste landfills is to approach them from the point of prevention of the possible consequences, which means using methods of organized waste disposal, and also utilizing landfill gas, as an unavoidable consequence with disposal of municipal solid waste with a high share of biodegradable organic matter. This paper presents an overview about problems of solid municipal waste management, type and composition of waste, and an overview of waste management condition. Further, the problem of landfill and landfill gasses is described with the calculation models of landfill production, as well as the use of the SWM GHG Calculator and LandGEM software on a specific example of gas production for the central zone at Sarajevo landfill "Smiljevici". Main focus of this thesis is the analysis of potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures from the waste management. Overview of the best available techniques in waste management is presented as well as the methodology used for calculations. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emission reduction in waste management were defined so that emissions were calculated using the appropriate model. In the final section of the paper, its description of the problem of collection and utilization the landfill gas at the sanitary landfill "Smiljevici", and implementation of the system for landfill gas collection and solution suggestion for the gasification and exploitation of gas. Energy, environmental and economic benefits can be accomplished by utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel in industry and energy and moreover by utilizing energy generation from landfill gas, which this thesis emphasizes.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.267-270
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• 2021

Long-term experiments have been conducted on two important safety issues: long-term durability of a concrete barrier with the steel reinforcements and gas generation from low-and intermediate-level wastes in an underground research tunnel of a radioactive waste disposal facility. The gas generation and microbial communities were monitored from waste packages (200 L and 320 L) containing simulated dry active wastes. In the concrete experiment, corrosion sensors were installed on the steel reinforcements which were embedded 10 cm below the surface of concrete in a concrete mock-up, and groundwater was fed into the mock-up at a pressure of 2.1 bars to accelerate groundwater infiltration. No clear evidence was observed with respect to corrosion initiation of the steel reinforcement for 4 years of operation. This is attributed to the high integrity and low hydraulic conductivity of the concrete. In the gas generation experiment, significant levels of gas generation were not measured for 4 years. These experiments are expected to be conducted for a period of more than 10 years.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Wastes such as shredder dust of disposed vehicles can be decomposed into low calorific flammable gases by Pyrolysis gasification. A stationary electric Power generation using an internal combustion engine fuelled with the waste-pyrolysis gas is an effective way to ease both waste management and energy saving issues. The waste-pyrolysis gas mainly consists of H$_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $N_2$. The composition and heating value of the gas generated depend on the conversion process and the property of the initial waste. This research analyzed the characteristics of the combustion and the exhaust emissions in a premixed charge spark ignition engine fuelled with several kinds of model gases, which were selected to simulate the pyrolysis-gases of automobile shredder dusts. The influences of the heating value and composition of the fuel were analyzed parametrically. Furthermore, optical analyses of the combustion flame were made to study the influence of the fuel's inert gas on the flame propagation.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1990

This study was investigated to the energy recovery by the pyrolysis of waste tyre. the pyrolysis of the waste tyre was made by using the pyrolysis chamber for the gasification and the combustion chamber for the combustion of the pyrolysis gas. In batch system, the amount of waste tyre was put 150kg in the pyrolysis chamber and the proper air flow rate for the stable production of the pyrolysis gas was 0.95Nm$^{3}$ /min. the production time of the pyrolysis gas was stable above 210minutes, and the stable production rate was above 3.8Nm$^{3}$ /min. The production temperature of pyrolysis gas was 170$^{\circ}$C and combustion temperature of pyrolysis gas was 1,000$^{\circ}$C. The combustible component of washing gas in pyrolysis gas of waste tyre was CO, CH$_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{6}$ and $C_{3}H_{8}$, and total amount was 22.7%. Heat value of condensed material was 9,804Kcal/kg. The average concentration of air pollutants between cyclone and scrubber was CO 420.4ppm, SO$_{x}$ 349.8ppm. NO$_{x}$ 68.Sppm, HCl 24.4ppm and Dust 240.0g / Nm$^{3}$, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.717-720
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• 2007

The 3 ton/day-scale pilot plant consists of compressor, feed channel, fixed bed type gasification & melting furnace, quench scrubber, demister, flare stack and gas engine. Syngas composition of gasification using the 35.50(waste I), 4.34%(wasteII) moisture-containing solid waste showed waste I CO 25-35%, 20-40% hydrogen, waste II 25-35%, 20-30% hydrogen. Gasification melting furnace was operated $1,500{\sim}1,600^{\cdot}C$. Gas engine was generated $35{\sim}40$ kW as waste gasification syngas.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

A steam Rankine cycle was considered to recover waste heat from the exhaust gas of an automobile. Conceptual design of a swash plate type expander was practiced to convert steam heat to shaft power. With the steam pressure and temperature of 35 bar and $300^{\circ}C$ at the expander inlet, respectively, the expander was estimated to produce the shaft power output of about 1.93 kW from the exhaust gas waste heat of 20 kW. The expander output increased linearly accordingly to the amount of exhaust gas waste heat in the range of from 10-40 kW, and the Rankine cycle efficiency was more or less constant at about 9.6% regardless of the waste heat amount.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중 저준위방사성폐기물 처분시설(이하 처분시설)에서 발생하는 기체의 이동현상을 예측하기 위한 2차원 수치 모델링을 수행하였다. 또한, 기체 이동 모델링에서 주요 입력변수로 적용되는 사일로 콘크리트의 기체침투압(gas entry pressure)와 기체 투과도(gas permeability)를 실측하여, 모델링 입력변수로 적용하였다. 사일로 콘크리트의 기체침투압(gas entry pressure)와 기체 투과도(gas permeability)는 각각 $0.97{\pm}0.15bar$ 및 $2.44{\times}10^{-17}m^2$로 측정되었다. 기체 이동 모델링 결과, 사일로 내부에서 발생하는 수소 기체는 기상으로 이동하지 않고 지하수에 용해되어 지하수와 함께 생태계로 이동하는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 폐쇄 후 약 1,000 년 후 부터 사일로 상부부터 수소기체 밀도가 증가하기 시작하는 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서, 사일로 내부에서 발생된 기체는 기상으로 사일로 내부에 축적되지 않으며, 이로 인해 사일로 콘크리트의 내구성에 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-320
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• 2009

Indonesian Ministry of Environment estimates that each year 170 cities and regencies in Indonesia produce 45,764,354.30 $m^3$ or approximately 11,441,091.08 ton of solid waste. Unfortunately, unsustainable management system has created a severe waste problem, hazardous to health and environment. This paper deals with the problem and offers some solutions. They are 3R (Reduce Reuse and Recycle), waste-to-energy concept and landfill gas (LFG) utilization. While 3R policy has been adopted by the government, the remaining two technologies are still dormant. Thus the paper provides a complete yet compact analysis of technology, economics, and environment aspect of waste-to-energy and LFG. Given the facts of waste production and management in Indonesia, the purpose is to encourage Government of Indonesia and other stake holders (including international community) to explore and exploit this potential. Potential of reducing waste negative externality while receiving extra revenue. Two bird with a stone.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.67-75
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• 2000

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis of the thermal flow in a municipal solid waste(MSW) incinerator combustion chamber provides crucial insight on the incinerator performance. However, the combustion of the waste bed is typically treated as an arbitrarily selected profile of combustion gas. A strategy for simultaneous simulation of the waste bed combustion and the thermal flow fields in the furnace chamber was introduced to substitute the simple inlet condition. A waste bed combustion model was constructed to predict the progress of combustion in the bed and corresponding generation of the gas phase species, which assumes the moving bed as a packed bed of homogeneous fuel particles. When coupled with CFD, it provides boundary conditions such as gas temperature and species distribution over the grate, and receives radiative heat flux from CFD. The combined simulation successfully predicted the physical processes of the waste bed combustion and its interaction with the flow fields for various design and operating parameters, which was limited in the previous CFD simulations.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2022

우리나라는 2019년 221,102 ton/day의 건설폐기물이 발생하였으며, 그 중, 본 연구의 대상인 혼합 건설폐기물 발생량은 24,582 ton/day로 조사되었다. 나머지 건설폐기물은 98.9%의 상당히 높은 수준으로 재활용되고 있다. 폐기물 부문의 온실가스 배출량은 17.1 백만 ton CO2-eq.로 총발생량의 2.3% 정도를 차지한다. 온실가스 배출을 감축하기 위해 환경영향 저감 방법 등에 관한 관심이 점차 증대되고 있으나, 혼합 건설폐기물의 발생량은 현재까지 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 적절한 처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 분리·선별이 어려워 매립 및 소각에 의해 처리하는 경우가 대부분이며, 단순처리보다 재활용을 위한 효율적인 방안 마련이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 혼합 건설폐기물의 처리경로별 온실가스 배출량 산출을 통해 환경영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 온실가스 발생량이 가장 높은 것은 소각단계로 나타났으며, 최적의 온실가스 저감 방안은 단순 소각처리가 아닌 재활용, 에너지회수를 통한 재활용 처리가 최적의 방안이라고 판단된다. 또한, 에너지화 단계의 온실가스 발생량은 두 번째로 높게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 폐기물을 에너지로 활용하여 화석연료 사용 절감을 통해 온실가스 배출량을 감축시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. 수송단계에서는 최적의 거리 설정과 바이오연료 및 전기자동차 운행 등을 적용하여 온실가스 발생량을 최소화하는 것이 최적의 방안이라고 판단된다.