• 제목/요약/키워드: Waste Disposal Cost

검색결과 140건 처리시간 0.017초

중·저준위방사성폐기물처분사업에서 금융비용 감소를 위한 연구 (The Study for Reducing the Borrowing Cost for LILW Disposal)

  • 김범인;김창락
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2014
  • 원자력발전소 및 산업계에서 발생하는 중 저준위방사성폐기물을 처분하기 위한 처분장이 2014년경 준공될 것으로 예상된다. 방사성폐기물 처분을 위해서는 물리적인 처분시설의 확보도 중요할 뿐만 아니라 발생자와 처분사업자 등 각종 이해관계자들이 모두 수긍할 수 있는 비용부과체계 마련도 중요하다. 우리나라의 처분비용은 해외의 다른 국가에 비하여 높은 편에 속하며 이는 폐기물 발생자와 처분사업자에게 많은 부담을 주고 있다. 우리나라의 처분비용이 높은 이유는 처분장 확보를 위한 사회적 비용 또는 건설비가 다른 국가에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 이유도 있겠으나, 처분장 건설을 위해 조달한 비용에서 발생한 금융비용이 보다 큰 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 처분사업의 지속가능한 사업체계 마련을 위해 비용 구조를 분석함으로서 처분비용 중 금융비용을 낮추기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

Waste Disposal Models for Manufacturing Firm and Disposal Firm

  • Tsai, Chi-Yang;Nagaraj, Sugarla Edwin
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2011
  • This research considers a system containing a manufacturing firm who generates waste material during manufacturing process, and a disposal firm who collects and disposes the waste material. Identification of the optimal number of pick ups and the amount of waste to be disposed at certain period of time in terms of cost minimization is studied. Two types of waste accumulation rates, constant and linearly increasing, are discussed and mathematical models are developed. It can be shown that the results for these two different types of waste accumulation differ in a wide range because of the difference in the way of how waste is accumulated, which disturbs the storage cost. An integrated model is also developed and discussed in which both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm benefit from the coordination between the two parties. It is shown that the optimal policy adopted by the integrated approach can provide a strong and consistent cost-minimizing effect for both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm over the existing approach. Finally, all the models are verified by a numerical example and the results are compared.

고준위폐기물 처분 원가대상 분석 (Analysis for the High-Level Waste Disposal Cost Object)

  • 김성기;이종열;최종원;한필수
    • 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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    • pp.636-641
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구에서는 처분원가산정과 관련한 원가대상의 비율을 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 총 원가에서 운영비의 비율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 처분원가는 원가구성 측면에서 일반적인 제품원가 구조와는 많은 차이가 있다. 제품원가는 직접재료비, 직접노무비, 제조간접비로 구분되는 반면에 처분원가인자는 크게 기술적 인자와 비기술적 인자로 구성된다.

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CDM 사업부문별 투자비용 결정요인 분석: 폐기물 부문을 대상으로 (An Analysis on the Invest Determinants of CDM Project: Evidence from Waste Handling and Disposal Sector)

  • 김지훈;임성수
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.535-553
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    • 2020
  • In this study, the characteristics of the waste sector CDM project were analyzed through cluster analysis of the waste sector CDM project and the analysis of the CDM investment cost in waste sector using CDM project data registered with UNFCCC since 2008 when EU ETS phase 2 began. As of September 2020, 772 cases of CDM projects in waste disposal and disposal are registered. Biogas technology is the largest, followed by livestock manure processing and biomass production technology. The results of the cluster analysis are summarized as follows: First, on average, projects utilizing AWMS technology are small in size and relatively low in investment costs. This is judged to be relatively low investment costs due to previously attracted foreign investment capital. Second, the average investment cost of CDM projects considered along with waste (No.13), the energy industry (No.1) and agriculture (No.15) was higher than those involving only waste. The analysis of the factors determining the investment cost of the waste sector CDM project showed that, as with cluster analysis, the AWMS technology, which is a livestock manure treatment technology, was lower in the investment cost than those that use other technologies. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the investment cost of the CDM project was analyzed lower in the order of biomass, AWMS, LFG and biogas. Also, the higher the investment cost for CDM projects linked to waste, energy and agriculture, and the better the investment environment, the higher the investment cost. Although no statistical feasibility was obtained, the larger the annual emission reduction, the lower the CDM investment cost.

개고기 식용이 위생과 음식물 쓰레기 처리에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Dogmeat Eating on Sanitation and Food Waste Consumption)

  • 안용근
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.124-133
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    • 2010
  • The total number of the dogs bred in Korea as of 2007 was 1,917,709, and among them, 77%, 1,476,776 dogs were edible dogs. Dogmeat has been legalized edible as food from Choseon dynasty, Daehan imperial state, Japan-occupied era till the present Korea. Dogs had been included in the article 2, Enforcement Ordinance of Processing and Disposal Rule of Livestock and Its Products until the end of Jan. 1979, but it was crossed out by the Notification No 3,005(Feb. 1 1979 effective) of the Minister of Agriculture and Marine Products, and as a result, the obligation that dogs should be slaughtered at the slaughtering ground was defunct. Thus, the arbitrarily dog slaughtering was empowered. As a matter of fact, the new law was not legalized in order to ban dogs from being slaughtered. The waste amount of slaughtered edible dogs amounts to 7,282 tons annually, and most of its waste from the arbitrarily-slaughtered dog is being illegally dumped without proper management and supervision. Edible dogs defecate 292,509 tons(calculates urine as dung) annually, but it is sanitarily disposed according to the Law of Management and Use of Livestock's Dung and Urine which took effective from Sep. 2009. Annual sales amount of edible dogs comes to 590 billion won on the basis of the shipment at breeding ground, but after passing through various level of marketing, and being processed as Gaesoju, and Boshintang, it forms 4 trillion won market when it reaches customers. The amount of food waste in Korea in 2007 came to 5,274,944 tons, and 633 billion won was spent for its disposal cost. Korean edible dogs of 1,476,776 heads consumed 1,266,705 tons, the 24% of total food waste. Edible dogs are the most effective means to convert food waste into food for man, not entailing the cost of disposal. On the other hand, pet dog culture brought about disposal cost, and the 51,188 dogs were abandoned at 2007, while 7 billion won was spent for the protection, euthanasia of them and the disposal of their dead bodies.

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN DECOMMISSIONING PROJECTS AT KAERI

  • Hong Sang-Bum;Park Jin-Ho
    • 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 Proceedings of The 6th korea-china joint workshop on nuclear waste management
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    • pp.290-299
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    • 2005
  • Two decommissioning projects are carried out at the KAERI (Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute), one for the Korea research reactors, KRR-1 and KRR-2, and another for the uranium conversion plant (UCP). The concept of the management of the wastes from the decommissioning sites was reviewed with a relation of the decommissioning strategies, technologies for the treatment and the decontamination, and the characteristics of waste. All the liquid waste generated from KRR-1 and KRR-2 decommissioning site is evaporated by a solar evaporation facility and all the liquid waste from the UCP is treated together with lagoon sludge waste. The solid wastes from the decommissioning sites are categorized into three groups; not contaminated, restricted releasable and radioactive waste. The not-contaminated waste will be reused and/or disposed at an industrial disposal site, and the releasable waste is stored for the future disposal at the KAERI. The radioactive waste is packed in containers, and will be stored at the decommissioning sites till they are sent to a national repository site. The reduction of the radioactive solid waste is one of the strategies for the decommissioning projects and could be achieved by the repeated decontamination. By the achievement of the minimization strategy, the amount of radioactive waste was reduced and the disposal cost will be reduced, but the cost for manpower, for direct materials and for administration was increased.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE COST OF UNDERGROUND FACILITIES OF A HIGH-LEVEL WASTE REPOSITORY IN KOREA

  • Kim, Sung-Ki;Choi, Jong-Won
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.561-574
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    • 2006
  • This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

공공발주기관의 건설폐기물처리 실태조사를 통한 개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on Improvement through a Survey on the Condition of Construction Waste Treatment of Public Institutions)

  • 박정권;이명은;김창학
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2022
  • 정부는 증가하는 건설폐기물의 발생량을 줄이고 재활용을 극대화하기 위해서 폐기물처분 분담금제도를 도입하였다. 이로 인해 폐기물 처리비가 상승할 수밖에 없어 발주처와 건설폐기물처리자간에 분쟁이 커지고 있으며, 건설폐기물 처리비의 현실화를 모두 주장하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건설폐기물 관리의 문제점을 파악하고 개선점을 찾기 위해 현장조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 공공기관과 폐기물 관리업체 관련자를 대상으로 실시하고 건설폐기물의 업무, 제도, 처리비용, 처리방법 등으로 구분하여 분석하고, 그 결과를 제안하였다. 본 연구결과는 공공기관의 건설폐기물 지침규정과 폐기물처리 대가의 변경을 위한 기본 자료로 활용되었다.

고준위방사성폐기물의 시추공 처분 개념 연구 현황 (The State-of-the Art of the Borehole Disposal Concept for High Level Radioactive Waste)

  • 지성훈;고용권;최종원
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2012
  • 고준위폐기물 처분과 관련하여, 최근 저장소 형태의 처분장 개념에 대한 대안으로 검토되고 있는 시추공 처분 개념에 대한 연구 현황을 정리하고 시추공 처분 개념의 국내 적용 가능성과 필요한 연구 항목에 대해 논의하였다. 현재 미국과 스웨덴을 중심으로 논의된 시추공 처분 개념은 심부시추공을 설치하여 지하 3 - 5km 구간에 고준위폐기물을 처분하는 것을 의미하며, 현재까지의 연구 결과에 의하면 이 처분 개념은 심부지하수의 층상구조, 작은 규모의 지표시설 등으로 인해 처분 및 비용 효율이 클 것으로 예상된다. 이에 반해 국내에는 축적된 심부 지질 자료가 없어 적용 가능성에 대한 논의할 여지가 없다. 이에 저장소 형태의 처분장 개념에 대한 대안으로 시추공 처분 개념을 검토하기 위해서는 향후 심지층 자료 확보, 공학적 방벽 연구, 수치모의모델 개발, 처분 기술 개발 등의 연구가 필요하다.

건설폐기물 처리대가 산정을 위한 중간처리시설의 비용산정 모델 개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Improvement of Cost Calculation Model of Recycling Treatment Facility for Estimation of Construction Waste Disposal Fee)

  • 김창학;이준영;김효진
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2023
  • 현재 LH공사에서 활용하고 있는 건설폐기물 처리대가 기준은 오래전에 개발된 표준 모델을 활용하여 대가를 산정하고 있다. 따라서 본 모델은 폐기물 처리시설의 기술발전과 환경상황을 잘 반영하지 못하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 건설폐기물 중간처리 대가기준에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 공공발주기관과 LH에서 활용하고 있는 원가계산방식의 현황과 차이점을 분석하였다. 또한 폐기물 중간처리업체의 운영실태에 대한 현장조사 및 전문가 인터뷰 등을 실시하여 현재 활용되고 있는 표준모델에 대한 개선모델을 제시하였다. 건설폐기물의 중간처리를 위한 주요 공정은 건설폐기물의 파쇄기 투입, 파쇄, 선별 및 분별, 이송으로 이루어져 있다. 본 모델에 맞추어 공정운영에 필요한 소요인력과 비용을 분석하여 발주를 위한 적산 기준을 제안하였다. 이 개선된 표준모델은 공공기관의 폐기물 중간처리를 위한 원가계산 기준으로 활용될 수 있으며, 폐기물처리비의 증액이 필요한 것으로 판단하였다.