• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.689-703
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• 2019

The term quality or freshness of eggs in industrial production still poses concerns regarding whether washing is necessary. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the effects of different storage times and temperatures and to perform a comparison between washed and unwashed eggs. A total of 1000 washed and 1000 unwashed egg samples were stored at three different temperatures (5, 10, and $25^{\circ}C$) for 0 - 8 weeks and were used for the data collection. On the designated day, the eggs were processed to evaluate their internal and external quality traits, such as the Haugh unit, airspace volume, eggshell strength, pH, and microbiological profile. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the washed and unwashed eggs for each quality trait. The results indicate that storage between 5 and $10^{\circ}C$ better preserved the quality of eggs compared with the storage at $25^{\circ}C$ throughout the days of the storage. Overall, this study suggests that the storage time and temperature have a vital role in maintaining the quality of eggs which were significantly affected during storage. In addition, all the quality parameters differed between the washed and unwashed samples which is further responsible for deteriorating the quality of the eggs.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

This study is about the bidet which is used to clean the anal and local parts after the user seated on the left side of the toilet in the toilet. The cleaner of the bidet which is contaminated from various bacteria and dirt is washed clean with clean water to keep it clean The present invention relates to a cleaning device for a bidet cleaner that hygienically maintains a bidet used by a plurality of users. As a result of developing and studying a bidet nozzle that can be implemented with a bidet nozzle and a washing nozzle for automatically washing the jetting head of the bidet and the jetting head, the optimum jetting time of the nozzle after the hydraulic jetting is 1 second To 10 seconds, it was confirmed that the nozzle cleanliness of an average of 5 seconds was maintained at 100%. Subsequent studies will require further study of the durability of the product and the cleaning safety at a pressure of $5kg/mm^2$. Toilet bidet is a product that is closely related to the safety and life of the people, but the development of various technologies is still insufficient. Therefore, it is meaningful that this study contributed to the quality of life of the people by continuously researching and developing the bidet.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning and essence of nursing students' experience of handwashing education volunteer program. There were 10 students who participated in the handwashing education service, and data collection was conducted for two months from October to November 2021, and three focus groups were formed and interviewed. Data were analyzed by Colaizz's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 3 themes and 10 sub-themes were derived. The three themes were 'personal development', 'self-esteem as a pre-nursing nurse', and 'knowing the meaning of service'. Nursing students learned the meaning of service through handwashing education service, and it was found that they could experience their own inner maturity. Nursing students could see that it was a time to learn the true meaning of service through handwashing education volunteering. The results of this study provided an understanding of the educational service of nursing college students, which can be applied to the diversification of educational service programs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2003

The high incidence of polyspermic fertilization is one of the major causes lowering the overall efficiency of porcine IVF. The common procedure for IVF involves the co-culture of both gametes in the medium drop, which increases sperm concentration and incidence of polyspermy. Therefore, the present study was carried out to increase the efficiency of porcine IVF by reducing polyspermy using a modified swim-up method. This method modifies conventional swim-up washing by placing oocytes directly at the time of washing. Sperm pellet was prepared in the tube and mature oocytes were placed on cell strainer with $70 \mu m$ pore size (Falcon 2350) at the top of the tube. After insemination, the oocytes were stained for examination. Also, the developmental potential of fertilized embryos was measured to evaluate for the feasibility of this method. While having similar penetration rates in both methods ($86.67 \pm 2.36% to 83.33 \pm 1.36%$), there was a significant reduction of polyspermy in modified swim-up method ($17.50 \pm 1.60%$) compare to the control ($44.1 \pm 3.70%$ (p<0.05). Subsequent culture showed higher rate of blastocyst formation in modified swim-up method (20.44$\pm$0.99%) than the control ($15.73 \pm 3.26%$) (P<0.05), even though there was no significant difference. These results suggest that, by controlling the number of spermatozoa reaching the oocytes, porcine oocytes might be protected from polyspermy in vitro. Also, the developmental potential of the fertilized embryos using this method could be improved by increasing the pool of spermatozoa with better quality. Further optimization of the procedure required to implicate this method in routine porcine IVF.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.492-506
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• 2019

Heavy metal contaminants in the shooting range are mostly present in a warhead circle or a metal fragment present as a particle, these fine metal particles are weathered for a long period of time is very likely that the surface is present as an oxide or carbon oxide. In particular, lead which is a representative contaminant in the shooting range soil, is present as more fine particles because it increases the softness and is stretched well. Therefore, by physical washing experiment, we conducted a degree analysis, concentration of heavy metals by cubic diameter, composition analysis of metallic substances, and assessment of applicability of gravity, magnetism and floating selection. The experimental results FESEM analysis and the measurement results lead to the micro-balance was confirmed thatthe weight goes outless than the soil ofthe same size in a thinly sliced and side-shaped structure according to the dull characteristics it was confirmed that the high specific gravity applicability. In addition, the remediation efficiency evaluation results using a hydrocyclone applied to this showed a cumulative remediation efficiency of 71%,twice 80%, 3 times 91%. On the other hand, magnetic sifting showed a low efficiency of 17%,floating selection -35mesh (0.5mm)target soil showed a relatively high efficiency to 39% -10mesh (2mm) efficiency was only 16%. The target treatment diameter of soil washing should be 2mm to 0.075mm, which is applied to the actual equipment by adding an additional input classification, which would require management as additional installation costs and processes are constructed. As a result, it is found that the soilremediation of shooting range can be separately according to the size of the warhead. The size is larger than the gravel diameter to most 5.56mm, so it is possible to select a specific gravity using a high gravity. However, the contaminants present in the metal fragments were found to be processed by separating using a hydrocyclone of the soil washing according to the weight is less than the soil of the same particle size in a thinly fragmented structure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2327-2331
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• 2011

The present paper relates to an analysis into patent applications by most exemplary patent-filing countries using time series analysis for a patented technology in which washing water in a water purifier is changed to magnetization hexagon water beneficial to human body, particularly the patented technology being to a magnetization hexagon water producing technology in which a magnetizer is mounted at an inlet pipe into which washing water is introduced to a water purifier, whereby the washing water is changed into magnetization hexagon water that is beneficial to human body for hygienic maintenance and use of bidet and toilet. In view of patent application trends in magnetization hexagon water producing technology fields, it can be easily noted from the analysis that a large portion of patent applications for the magnetization hexagon water producing technology comes from Korea and Japan, while USA and European countries are decreasing the number of patent applications and applicants. Therefore, there is a constant need of continuously observing the patent-filing trends in Korea and Japan in light of protection of patent rights in businesses that utilize the magnetization hexagon water. In view of the fact that many researches on and developments of products related to magnetization hexagon water are expected in the future, relevant producers and research institutes may effectively utilize the present paper in industrialization and patent research of the magnetization hexagon water.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

This study examined the effect of an electrokinetic-flushing remediation for a soil of a high permeability. The soil was sampled from the site around a research atomic reactor which had high hydro-conductivities due to a high content of sand in the soil. The flow rate of the washing reagent was fast at the beginning but it was reduced as time lapsed. In the case of using citric acid as a washing reagent, the flow rate was fastest, 78.7 ml/day. The removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ from a soil cell with acetic acid were the highest, which were 95.2% and 84.2% respectively. The soil waste-solution volume generated from the electrokinetic remediation was reduced to about 1/20 of that from the soil washing remediation. Meanwhile, the electrokinetic-flushing method enhanced the removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ from the soil by about 6% and 2% respectively, compared to those by the electrokinetic method. Consequently, it was found that the electrokinetic-flushing method was more effective for the remediation of a soil with a high permeability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.851-857
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• 2014

Treatability of heavy metals in marine sediments contaminated with mainly organic matter was investigated on the basis of washing technology using oxidizers and surfactants. Sediment samples were collected at N area which expected for remediation project of contaminated marine sediment. For additives, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and Tween-80 were used at oxidizer and nonionic surfactant, respectively. In experiments, sediments was mixed with sea water at the ratio of 1 : 3 than $H_2O_2$ (1 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M) and Tween-80 (0.05%) were added. Samples were gathered at following reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 min and 24 h). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was 55.2% at the conditions of 5 M $H_2O_2+0.05%$ Tween-80 24 h. Hence total heavy metals were Cu 29.5%, Zn 42.3%, Cd 73.0% and bioavailable heavy metals were Cu 60.0%, Zn 77.7%, Cd 90.2% at the conditions of 5 M $H_2O_2+0.05%$ Tween-80 10 min. The correlations for between bioavailable metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) and TOC were significant (Cu, Zn, Cd; $r^2=0.94$, 0.85, 0.69, respectively).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2009

We assessed quality changes in and washing effects (time and method) on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) treated with micro-bubbles. Samples were treated with micro-bubbling for 1, 3, or 5 min, and the 5-min treatment yielded the best results in terms of reduced total microorganism counts, sensory aspects, and degree of washing. Total microorganism counts were 4.30 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g in unwashed lettuce(CT), 4.10 log CFU/g in hand-washed lettuce (HW), 3.98 log CFU/g in conventional, bubble-washed lettuce (BW) and 3.25 log CFU/g in micro-bubble-washed lettuce (MW). In comparison, total counts of samples examined after 10 days of storage were 7.00 log CFU/g for CT, 6.19 log CFU/g for HW, 6.02 log CFU/g for BW, and 5.89 log CFU/g for MW. The lowest counts were seen after micro-bubble treatment. BW and MW samples showed significantly higher counts than did CT and HW samples. In general, BW and MW samples did not vary significantly in count numbers. MW showed a 2.3-fold lower residual pesticide level compared with CT, and also had the lowest level of impurities. HW and BW samples were not well washed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.282-293
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of infection control implemented at dental offices and factors affecting it in an attempt to help promote the health of dental health care workers. The subjects in this study were 180 medical personnels who worked at dental offices in the region of South Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2008, and the collected data were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for the implementation of infection control at the dental offices, what the health care workers investigated did the most was post-treatment hand washing(95.0), a constant separation of infectious wastes(94.4), wearing rubber gloves all the time during medical instrument cleansing(92.8) and pre-treatment hand washing(91.7). 2. In regard to the implementation of infection control at the dental offices, what the dental personnels did the least was drying their hands with air(5.0), wearing goggles in times of treatment(23.3), receiving regular education on infection control(26.7) and putting sterilizers to a performance test on a regular basis(43.9). 3. The dental health care workers were significantly different according to age in the management of contagious diseases(p=0.005). Their career made a significant difference to the management of contagious diseases(p=0.000) and instrument cleansing/sterilization(p=0.043). The service area made a significant difference to wearing and managing personal protective clothes (p=0.040) and waste management(p=0.040). 4. Concerning the relationship between the acquisition of dental hygienist certificate and the practice of infection control, whether the dental health care workers were certified or not made no significant difference to that. 5. As to the correlation among the factors affecting the prevention and management of contagious diseases, there was a positive correlation among hand washing(r=0.379), wearing and managing personal protective clothes(r=0.349), instrument cleansing/sterilization(r=0.323) and waste management(r=0.388). All the factors made a statistically significant difference to the prevention and management of contagious diseases(p<0.01).