Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Treatability of Heavy Metals in the Washing Technology of Marine Sediments Contaminated with Organic Matter

세척기반처리에 의한 해양오염퇴적물에 함유된 유기 오염물질 제거 공정 중 중금속 처리 가능성

  • Received : 2014.12.08
  • Accepted : 2014.12.26
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Treatability of heavy metals in marine sediments contaminated with mainly organic matter was investigated on the basis of washing technology using oxidizers and surfactants. Sediment samples were collected at N area which expected for remediation project of contaminated marine sediment. For additives, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and Tween-80 were used at oxidizer and nonionic surfactant, respectively. In experiments, sediments was mixed with sea water at the ratio of 1 : 3 than $H_2O_2$ (1 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M) and Tween-80 (0.05%) were added. Samples were gathered at following reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 min and 24 h). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was 55.2% at the conditions of 5 M $H_2O_2+0.05%$ Tween-80 24 h. Hence total heavy metals were Cu 29.5%, Zn 42.3%, Cd 73.0% and bioavailable heavy metals were Cu 60.0%, Zn 77.7%, Cd 90.2% at the conditions of 5 M $H_2O_2+0.05%$ Tween-80 10 min. The correlations for between bioavailable metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) and TOC were significant (Cu, Zn, Cd; $r^2=0.94$, 0.85, 0.69, respectively).

본 연구에서는 해양오염퇴적물의 유기 오염물질을 제거하기 위한 세척기반처리 공정 중 중금속 특히 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분(Bioavailable Heavy Metal)의 동시 처리 가능성에 대해 평가하였다. 해양오염퇴적물 정화사업 대상인 N해역에서 퇴적물을 채취하여 본 연구의 시료로 사용하였다. 세척기반처리 공정에서 첨가제로는 산화제인 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)와 비이온 계면활성제(Tween-80)를 사용하였다. 퇴적물과 해수의 고액비는 1 : 3이며 과산화수소의 농도 1 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M과 0.05% Tween-80을 첨가하여 각 반응 시간(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80분, 24시간) 조건에서 시험하였다. 그 결과 총유기탄소(Total Organic Carbon, TOC) 제거 효율은 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 24시간에서 최대 55.2%로 나타났다. 중금속 총 함량(Total Heavy Metals)은 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 카드뮴(Cd) 각각 29.5, 42.3, 73.0%의 제거 효율로 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 10분에서 가장 좋은 제거효율을 보였다. 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분의 경우도 Cu, Zn, Cd에서 각각 60.0, 77.7, 90.2%로 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 10분에서 가장 좋은 효율을 나타내어 유기물 처리 공정에서의 Cu, Zn, Cd 등 일부 중금속의 동시 제거 가능성을 확인하였다. 총유기탄소 함량과 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분의 상관분석 결과 제거 된 Cu, Zn, Cd은 $r^2$값이 0.94, 0.85, 0.69로 좋은 상관관계를 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Environmental Yearbook 1994. (No. 7), Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea, p. 597(1994).
  2. Annual Monitoring Report of Korea Marine Environment 2011, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, p. 519(2011).
  3. Guidelines for Contaminated Soil Remediation Method, Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea, p. 214(2007).
  4. Kim, K. R., Choi, K. Y., Kim, S. H. and Hong, G. H., "Feasibility of Present Soil Remediation Technologies in Korea for the Control of Contaminated Marine Sediment: Heavy Metals," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 32(12), 1076-1086(2010).
  5. Karpenko, O., Lubenets, V., Karpenko, E. and Novikov, V., "Chemical oxidants for remediation of contaminated soil and water. a review," Chem. Chemical Technol., 3(1), 41-45(2009).
  6. Watts, R. J. and Stanton, P. C., "Mineralization of solved and NAPL-phase hexadecane by catalyzed hydrogen peroxide," Water Res., 33(6), 1405-1414(1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00343-1
  7. Werner, R., Haag, C. C. and David, Y., "Rate constants for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with several drinking water contaminants," Environ. Sci. Technol., 26(5), 1005-1013(1992). https://doi.org/10.1021/es00029a021
  8. So, M. H., Ha, J. Y., Yu, J. B. and Kim, C. G., "Fentonlike Reaction for Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Silty Clay after Soil Washing Process," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 31(1), 1-8(2009).
  9. Romero, A., Santos, A., Cordero, T., Mirasol, J. R., Rosas, J. M. and Vicente, F., "Soil remediation by Fenton-like process: Phenol removal and soil organic matter modification," Chem. Eng., 170(1), 36-43(2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.022
  10. Kim, K. R. and Kong, J., "System for process for purifying ocean and lake bottom," Patent No. 10-1426519(2014.07.29).
  11. The Final Report of Total Pollutant Load Management System Implementation Plan Study within Special Management Area, Korea Maritime Institute, p. 213(2005).
  12. Regulations regarding Investigation of Contaminated Marine Sediments and Remediation range, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Notification, No. 2013-206, Attached 2,3(2013).
  13. Bettiol, C., Stievano, L., Bertelle, M., Delfino, F. and Argese, E., "Evaluation of microwave assisted acid extraction procedures for the determination of metal content and potential bioavailability in sediments," Appl. Geochem., 23(5), 1140-1151(2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.008
  14. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, ANZECC and ARMCANZ(2000).
  15. Townsend, A. T., Palmer, A. S., Stark, S. C. and Samson, C., Scouller R. C., Snape I., "Trace metal characterisation of marine sediment reference materials MESS-3 and PACS-2 in dilute HCl extracts," Mar. Pollut. Bullet., 54(2), 236-249 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.11.002
  16. Snape, I., Scouller, R. C., Stark, S. C., Stark, J., Riddle, M. J. and Gore, D. B., "Characterisation of the dilute HCl extraction method for the identification of metal contamination in Antarctic marine sediments," Chemosphere, 57(6), 491-504 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.042
  17. Mulligan, C. N., Young, R. N. and Gibbs, B. F., "An evaluation of technologies for the heavy metal remediation of dredged sediments," Hazard. Mater., 85(1-2), 145-163(2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00226-6
  18. Tandy, S., Bossart, K., Mueller, R., Ritschel, J., Hauser, L., Schulin, R. and Nowack, B., "Extraction Heavy Metals from Soils using biodegradable chelating agents," Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(3), 937-944(2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/es0348750
  19. Kim, S. K., Lee, M. K., Ahn, J. H., Kang, S. W. and Jeon, S. H., "The Effects of Mean Grain Size and Organic Matter Contents in Sediments on the Nutrients and Heavy Metals Concentrations," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 27(9), 923-931(2005).
  20. Bloom, P. R., "Metal organic matter interactions in soil," In: Chem. Soil Environ., ASA Spec. Publ. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, Wisc., 40, 129-150(1981).